新制度时期滇池流域农业非点源污染控制对策建议

近年来,农业非点源污染已经成为导致滇池水体富营养化的主要因素之一,控制农业非点源污染已经成为滇池流域水体污染防治工作的重中之重.本文分析了当前滇池流域农业非点污染控制现状及存在的问题,并分析了自2004年起中央连续三年出台一系列扶农、支农政策以来给滇池流域农业非点源污染控制带来的转机.最后结合当前宏观制度背景的变化情况,对滇池流域农业非点源污染控制提出了多项对策建议.     

湖泊流域社会生态系统脆弱性分析——以滇池为例

以滇池为例,从社会生态系统角度,构建社会生态系统脆弱性分析框架,探寻湖泊流域社会生态系统脆弱性特征及驱动机制,为湖泊流域的系统治理提供依据。认为滇池流域脆弱性在加剧,脆弱性程度趋于均衡化;社会因素是脆弱性主要驱动因子,人类活动是主要的驱动因素。最后指出滇池流域治理中应注意管理跨尺度影响;重视社会因素在脆弱性中的作用,实施社会治理、根源治理。     

云南流域综合开发及其对策研究

在对流域综合开发概念内涵分析总结的基础上,文章分析了云南省流域开发利用中存在的主要问题,并针对这些问题提出了云南省流域开发的对策措施,这对于加快云南省主要流域的开发,提高流域开发的可持续发展能力,具有重要的作用与意义.     

滇池流域水生态补偿机制及政策建议研究

导致滇池流域水环境恶化的主要原因之一是生态补偿机制的缺失,构建流域水生态补偿机制是未来滇池流域生态环境治理的重要环节。构建完整的流域水生态补偿机制需要从确定补偿的依据、主体、标准和政策路径等核心问题着手。滇池流域水生态补偿机制的实现形式可分为水生态保护(恢复)补偿机制和水污染补偿机制两种,具体类型包括城市水源地生态保护补偿机制、湖滨水生态恢复补偿机制、入湖河道水污染生态补偿机制三类。在生态补偿政策实践中,建议构建滇池流域水生态管理委员会;整合现有生态补偿法规,健全流域管理机制;建立流域水生态补偿基金模式的横向生态转移支付制度;拓宽生态补偿资金的筹资渠道,完善环境保护税收政策;开展绿色GDP体系认证,完善行政考核制度。     

我国流域水市场的制度研究思路

本文针对我国流域水资源管理的现状和引入流域水市场的必要性,对国内外流域水市场研究的文献进行了系统综述,同时系统分析了我国流域水市场研究中存在的问题和建立流域水市场所面临的约束因素.在此基础上,结合流域水市场的研究趋势,归纳、提炼出我国水市场研究的主要问题与内容.最后,提出应在方法论的整合基础上,以我国流域的特殊性为视角展开研究.     

青海湖流域生态管理及可持续发展对策研究

青海湖流域面临着严重生态环境问题已成为共识,可持续发展问题已成为青海湖流域生态环境社会问题面临的挑战。文章试图以社会学的理论视角,从破解青海湖流域生态保护与可持续发展的矛盾入手,尝试对影响青海湖流域生态环境社会问题进行分析,旨在阐明生态管理是解决青海湖流域生态环境社会问题与可持续发展的方法和路径,以期为青海湖流域生态保护与可持续发展提供一个新的学术视角。     

生态伦理与滇池流域水环境重构

滇池流域水环境数千年沧桑变迁的根本特点和总体趋势是“人进水退”.生态伦理的缺位是“公有地悲剧”和“拯救滇池”预期目标难以实现的深层次原因.滇池治理保护不是纯粹的技术问题,因而,技术主导的学术研究与治理,不能从根本上解决滇池流域的水环境问题,人们的价值观念是更深层次的影响因子.不管人类如何重建其生存环境,它仍然是生态系统中的栖息者,因而,生态伦理是其必须遵循的价值取向和路径选择.滇池流域水环境重构,必须通过社会科学的介入,进行更广泛、更深层次的综合研究和治理,牢固树立生态伦理观,以“理性生态人”取代“理性经济人”,以“自然中的人”取代“对抗自然的人”.     

高原湖泊流域可持续发展研究

高原淡水湖泊具有高生态价值和高脆弱性并存的特点.目前水资源、水环境与水生态已经成为制约高原湖泊流域可持续发展的主要瓶颈.文章在分析我国高原淡水湖泊流域主要特征的基础上,揭示了高原湖泊流域可持续发展的本质内涵,提出高原湖泊流域的发展,应以水资源可持续利用为前提,突出协调发展,强调公平性.在此基础上,分析了高原湖泊流域可持续发展中的主要影响因素,并从流域系统角度对高原湖泊流域的可持续发展提出了政策建议.     

基于生态保护红线的滇池流域生态空间管控

以滇池流域为研究区,采用GIS空间分析方法,明确生态保护红线与生态空间的内容及相互关系,基于空间分布特征及生态系统类型将生态空间类型划分为林地生态空间、水域生态空间、草地生态空间、荒地生态空间,根据不同管控等级以生态保护红线为界线确定滇池流域生态空间管控区为一级管控区和二级管控区,提出滇池流域生态空间四类两级九区的管制体系及规则,为构建以分类分级管控为导向的流域生态空间管控体系提供理论支撑和实践经验。     

根治滇池污染危害应从何着手

高原明珠滇池污染严重,本文分析了滇池污染现状和问题,对现在所采取的治污方法一一评价,提出治理滇池必须从源头着手,不应把污染推给社会,推给下游,并提出了三大措施     

我国房地产税制的现状及改革构想

房地产税制是维护房地产市场公平竞争，实现国家对房地产业宏观调控的有力杠杆。然而，我国现行的房地产税制却存在税费不分、税制不统一、税制结构不合理等诸多问题。严重影响了其对房地产业应有的宏观调控作用。因此，适时地推进房地产税制的改革应是当务之急，应统一内外税制，合理界定税费的范围，建立统一、规范、合理的房地产税收体系。     

The Change in Productive Efficiency in Telecommunications in the United States

The question addressed here is whether the adoption of incentive regulation, which has become an important regulatory tool in the telecommunications industry in the USA, has resulted in a change in the technical efficiency of local exchange carriers in the USA. After providing an overview of the nature of incentive regulation, a methodology for measuring technical efficiency and its change is introduced. This is a multiple-output/multiple-input distance function approach to measuring technical efficiency. The results of implementing this approach for 19 local exchange carriers for the 1988-2001 period indicate that in the production of local service, intrastate toll/access service, and interstate access to local loops, there was no change in technical efficiency between the 1988-1990 period and the 1991- 2001 period, something that incentive regulation was specifically designed to promote.     

西部地区人力资本投资与知识化发展

人力资本投资在推动知识化发展的过程中存在自增强机制，通过促进人力资本保值增值，进行人力资源合理配置，改善配置环境和配置政策、完善配套措施，有助于充分发挥这一机制的功能，从而实现西部地区知识化发展。     

Age Discrimination in Employment in Canada

Issues pertaining to age discrimination in employment in Canada are analyzed with a view toward highlighting lessons that may be learned from the Canadian experience—an experience that is taking on increased policy importance. Reasons for the increased attention to age discrimination issues are outlined, followed by a portrayal of the age discrimination legislation and court interpretations in Canada, especially as they pertain to mandatory retirement. Enforcement aspects are discussed, as is the evidence on age discrimination in employment and the effectiveness of legislation with respect to age discrimination and mandatory retirement. The article concludes with a discussion of the lessons to be learned from the Canadian experience, especially with respect to the poorly understood but complicated relationship between age discrimination and mandatory retirement. Policy recommendations for strengthening age discrimination legislation are also outlined. (JEL J14 , J24 , J71 )     

Inequalities in Income Distribution in Slovenia

This article presents an empirical analysis of income distribution based on income tax data for Slovenia in 1991-2000. It presents evidence of rising inequalities in income distribution (gross income, gross wages and pensions). These results are supported by coefficients of variation, Gini coefficients and by the Lorenz curves. Inequalities increased rapidly in the 1991 to 1993 period. After a significant decrease in 1994 and a steady increase from 1995 to 2000, the peak value from 1993 was not surpassed. Atkinson's requirements for dominance comparisons are not violated. Inequalities are also present in the distribution of the benefits of economic growth among income groups.     

上海生态农业发展影响因素研究

文章分析了上海生态农业发展的影响因素,并利用计量模型进行检验,认为影响上海生态农业发展的主要因素有农业基础设施、农业劳动力资源、农业产业化水平、农业科技实力状况。     

Public participation in forestry in Turkey

Recently public participation in forestry has been seriously considered in Turkey. Participation is however quite a challenge for a country with a long tradition of top-down management and a strong bottom-up dependence on public provisioning. In such a setting, it may not be surprising that the experiences with public participation in forestry in Turkey are mixed. There are some positive initiatives like the creation of farmer's cooperatives and NGOs, but their role is quite limited and small of scale. This paper is bringing together different views based on existing studies in Turkish related to Turkey's experience with implementing public participation in forestry.     

Inter-enterprise arrears in economies in transition

In the context of economies in transition, the paper argues that an excessive liquidity squeeze could throw the economy into a persistent state of low economic activity. In such bad equilibrium, enterprise transactions become largely demonetized, with a chain of arrears, a form of involuntary credit, spreading over the entire system. The empirical analysis of the Romanian experience seems to support the view advanced in the paper.