FACTOR SHARES,BUSINESS CYCLES AND THE DISTRIBUTIVE LOOP

This paper looks at how factor shares vary over the business cycle and how their movements fit into Kaleckian analysis. Heterodox accounts of factor‐share movements include both profit‐squeeze arguments (procyclical wage share) and underconsumption arguments (countercyclical wage share). Empirical evidence gives no decisive support for either account: factor shares may be procyclical and countercyclical at different stages of the business cycle. If factor shares vary in such a complex way, then Kaleckian models cannot have a stable distributive curve. The economy instead follows a distributive loop, with different adjustment paths during an upswing and a downswing.     

PRIMITIVE ACCUMULATION,GROWTH AND THE GENESIS OF SOCIAL CLASSES

The aim of this paper is to show that inequalities of wealth can be necessary conditions to explain the apparition and rise of a capitalistic system. We try to highlight Marx's insights on primitive accumulation. Our dynamic framework is consistent with Roemer's idea of endogenous class stratification. We extend this calculation by incorporating some features of the Pasinetti–Samuelson–Modigliani model, and provide an example of possible microfoundations.     

CAPITALISTS,WORKERS AND SOCIAL SECURITY

This paper elaborates an exogenous growth model that nests overlapping generations of workers who save for life cycle reasons with dynastic agents who save for bequest reasons (‘capitalists’). The model overcomes Marglin's objection that the overlapping generations framework requires special assumptions about technology, and it also provides a natural environment to revisit Samuelson's analysis of lump‐sum transfers between generations. The ability of a benevolent planner to improve workers' welfare is severely restricted by the control capitalists exercise over the accumulation process. Prefunding social security assumes renewed significance because it overcomes this restriction.     

GROWTH,STAGNATION AND STATUS PREFERENCE

We show that an economy grows or stagnates depending on which of three objects people most esteem as tokens of status. If the main object of status preference is consumption, then a steady state with full employment is reached. If it is physical capital (which is a producible asset), then permanent growth with full employment occurs. However, if it is money (which is not a producible asset), stagnation with persistent unemployment arises.     

TAXATION,SOCIAL GOODS AND THE DISTRIBUTION OF FREEDOM

The quantity of an individual's freedom is thought to coincide with the width of her opportunity set, and this is defined by taking account of budgetary, institutional and legal constraints to choices. A simple cardinal measure of freedom is proposed on the ground of which some exercises in comparative statics are worked out. It is shown that individual choice freedom may be widened when a new good is publicly provided free or at a low price. Furthermore, it is argued that progressive taxation redistributes freedom in favour of the poor, all the more so when public revenues are used to finance the public provision of goods, in which case overall freedom may be augmented.     

EMULATION,PREVENTION AND SOCIAL INTERACTION IN CONSUMPTION DYNAMICS

In this paper we show that the role of diversity, local interactions and global endogenous change at the level of social standards might be crucial in understanding the evolution of consumption patterns in modern economies. We propose an evolutionary model from which consumption dynamics can be analyzed as global properties emerging from the endogenous transformation of a society inhabited by boundedly rational interactive consumers. This work aspires to take a modest step forward in the direction of an evolutionary theory of demand change.     

DEVELOPING SOCIAL IDENTITY AND SOCIAL CAPITAL FOR SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT

Competition involves not firm against firm but rather supply chain against supply chain, but few studies explain theoretically the subsistence of a supply chain as a social entity or the operating mechanisms through which firms socialize to obtain better business performance. On the bases of social identity theory and social capital theory, the authors suggest that the salience of supply chain identity accumulates social capital in a supply chain, which then facilitates supply chain management and improves business performance.     

电子商务模式:创新、示范、引领

2012年11月30目,"虹桥贸易论坛——电子商务模式:创新、示范、引领"在上海虹桥迎宾馆举行。为期一天的论坛旨在集各方专家之智慧,共同探讨国内外电子商务的发展现状,剖析知名电子商务企业的不同发展模式,探索研究一系列技术标准与政策,令电子商务在进一步的发展中得以规范,推进上海电子商务示范城市和上海国际贸易中心的建设。     

企业社会责任与对外经济贸易

随着经济全球化的发展 ,特别是西方发达国家的推动 ,企业的社会责任日益重要。在对外贸易活动中 ,企业是否承担社会责任已经成为企业与跨国公司经济合作和进行对外贸易的必要条件。本文阐述了企业的社会责任 ,以及企业社会责任标准对对外经济贸易的影响 ,研究了中国企业在社会责任方面面临的问题 ,提出了相应的对策。     

A STEINDLIAN MODEL OF CONCENTRATION,DEBT AND GROWTH

Income distribution plays a crucial role in the Kaleckian models of growth. The recent US experience has seemingly turned the Kaleckian argument on stagnationism on its head. Does it, therefore, render the Kaleckian growth framework redundant? We argue that while there is a tendency towards underconsumption, there could be other counteracting tendencies like the wealth effect of the capitalists or the possibility of debt for the workers. But such a growth process, which is primarily driven by the asset price markets, is, by its very nature, iniquitous and extremely volatile and the downturn is far more severe than the normal business cycles.     

注册会计师服务市场的拓展与独立性的冲突与协调

安然公司破产案导致会计职业界对审计独立性的思考 ,审计独立性概念已经发展 ,CPA业务根据市场需求及CPA行业发展的需要 ,须进行业务领域的拓展。由于管理咨询与审计业务存在利益的矛盾 ,CPA需要进行相应的协调 ,以促使CPA行业健康顺利的发展。     

GROWTH,COMMODITY PRICES,INFLATION AND THE DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME

A primary commodity price boom is underway. Given the role of internationally traded primary commodities as inputs into the productive process in the industrialized world, an important question arises: namely what effects will this price‐boom exert upon wage and price inflation in industrialized countries? In order to address this question, we specify and estimate a system of equations in which the key dependent variables are world commodity prices, the domestic inflation rate for finished goods and the rate of domestic industrial wage inflation. This model is estimated against data for each of three major industrialized countries: Japan, the UK and the USA and the implications of the results thus obtained are explored.     

TRADE,NON‐SCALE GROWTH AND UNEVEN DEVELOPMENT

This paper investigates the relationship between trade and economic development using a two‐country, non‐scale growth model. Depending on the share of the expenditure for manufactured goods, we obtain two different results with regard to long‐run production patterns. Whether or not the follower country can catch up with the leader country in the long run depends on two factors: (1) the patterns of production in both countries and (2) the measure of economic welfare that is used, i.e. per capita income or per capita consumption.     

财政分权与经济增长

财政分权如何影响经济发展,传统的财政分权以及新一代财政分权理论都没有明确地探讨并阐明过这一方面的问题。对这一问题的研究是当代财政学领域的研究热点,其意义在于为国家财政体系的改革提供理论依据。本文综述了当今该领域的主要研究成果,在此基础上对财政分权与经济增长的关系进行了辩证思考,为进一步深入研究提供参考。     

SOCIAL DISCOUNTING AND THE LONG RATE OF INTEREST

The well‐known theorem of Dybvig, Ingersoll, and Ross shows that the long zero‐coupon rate can never fall. This result, which, although undoubtedly correct, has been regarded by many as surprising, stems from the implicit assumption that the long‐term discount function has an exponential tail. We revisit the problem in the setting of modern interest rate theory, and show that if the long “simple” interest rate (or Libor rate) is finite, then this rate (unlike the zero‐coupon rate) acts viably as a state variable, the value of which can fluctuate randomly in line with other economic indicators. New interest rate models are constructed, under this hypothesis and certain generalizations thereof, that illustrate explicitly the good asymptotic behavior of the resulting discount bond systems. The conditions necessary for the existence of such “hyperbolic” and “generalized hyperbolic” long rates are those of so‐called social discounting, which allow for long‐term cash flows to be treated as broadly “just as important” as those of the short or medium term. As a consequence, we are able to provide a consistent arbitrage‐free valuation framework for the cost‐benefit analysis and risk management of long‐term social projects, such as those associated with sustainable energy, resource conservation, and climate change.     

INNOVATION AND GROWTH WITH RICH AND POOR CONSUMERS

This work studies the impact of income inequality on the level of innovative activities in a model where innovations result in quality improvements. In contrast to the standard model of innovations and growth, the equilibrium outcome may be characterized by a situation where not only the quality leader but also producers of worse qualities are on the market. In that case the quality leader sells to the rich, whereas the producer of the second‐best quality sells to the poor. In general, we find that a more equal distribution of income is favourable for innovation incentives. This is consistent with empirical evidence suggesting that countries with a more equal distribution of income have grown faster.     

论酒店冲突的两面性及其应对策略

长期以来 ,酒店管理者认为酒店发生冲突是不良现象 ,具有消极影响力的 ,应尽力避免 ,但对于酒店冲突的建设性一面缺乏了解。作者认为酒店的冲突具有两面性 ,酒店管理者在掌握了解决破坏性冲突技能的同时 ,还应学会如何激发酒店的建设性冲突 ,以求酒店管理与服务的创新