Exploring the Impact of Internal Corporate Governance on the Relation Between Disclosure Quality and Earnings Management in the UK Listed Companies

This study investigates the impact of internal corporate governance on the relation between disclosure quality and earnings management in the UK listed companies, in particular whether governance mechanisms have deterrent effect on earnings management similar to firms’ disclosure quality. Unlike prior literature, we measure a number of board and audit committee-related governance instruments, three disclosure quality proxies (i.e. Investor Relation Magazine Award, Forward-Looking Disclosure and Analyst Forecast Accuracy) and the Modified Jones Model to test the hypotheses of the study on a matched-pair sample data of Investor Relation Magazine Award winning and non-winning firms. Our findings in the OLS and sensitivity analyses using Heckman Procedure and 2SLS regressions consistently report a significant negative association between earnings management and disclosure quality for all proxies in restraining earnings management. In contrast, corporate governance variables are mostly insignificantly related to earnings management. This provides an emerging trend of the outperformance of disclosure quality over internal governance mechanisms in lessening earnings management. These findings warrant due attention of the policy makers, investors, corporate firms and other stakeholders in shaping a high-quality disclosure and governance regime in corporate settings to mitigate managerial manipulations of earnings across the countries in the world.     

The Relevance of XBRL Voluntary Disclosure for Stock Market Valuation: The Role of Corporate Governance

The aim of this paper is to investigate the relevance for stock market pricing of accounting earnings of voluntary disclosures in XBRL files considering the quality of corporate governance. Results are the following. It appears that XBRL extensions attract financial analysts. Good governance is positively associated with voluntary XBRL extensions. We observe that XBRL extensions enhance the positive relationship between accounting earnings and stock price. However, this positive association is reduced for firms with good governance, suggesting a substitution effect between XBRL extensions and corporate governance. Finally, it appears that XBRL extensions would strategically be related to earnings quality. This research highlights the importance to consider governance when assessing the value relevance of XBRL disclosures for stock market pricing.     

上市公司盈余管理动机的研究分析

近年来,上市公司管理层通过盈余管理粉饰公司业绩,误导投资者决策的行为受到社会广泛的关注。通过对盈余管理动机的深层研究。对于上市公司盈余管理行为的监管与控制应该双管齐下。既要通过完善相关会计法规减少上市公司盈余管理可以选择的手段,又要完善中国上市公司的公司治理结构,增强对少数股东的利益保护机静】,从根本上抑制上市公司盈余管理的动机,使得公司的财务报告反映公司的真实业绩,促进中国资本市场的繁荣发展。     

The effect of voluntary and mandatory corporate social responsibility on earnings management: Evidence from India and the 2% rule

Utilizing the natural experiment presented by India's Companies Act of 2013, this paper investigates the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) engagement and earnings management. India's Act includes provisions designed to improve governance and financial audits, as well as a unique mandate requiring firms that satisfy size or profitability criteria to spend a minimum of 2% of reported income on CSR initiatives. We examine the earnings management behavior of firms that voluntarily reported CSR expenditures prior to the Act's implementation as well as those firms that began to report CSR spending as a consequence of the mandate. Results indicate that firms which voluntarily reported CSR expenditures before the Act also engaged in more earnings management than other firms, consistent with CSR being used manipulatively in the pre-Act period. Once the Act was in effect, evidence indicates that on average firms engaged in less earnings management. However, the results suggest the CSR mandate did not have a significant marginal impact on earnings manipulations, implying that the observed decrease in earnings management in the post-Act period was primarily due to other provisions of the Act, such as those related to corporate governance.     

Business Ethics and Financial Reporting Quality: Evidence from Korea

This study examines the relationship between corporate commitment to business ethics and financial reporting quality. We posit that companies with a higher level of ethical commitment exhibit better quality financial reporting than those with a lower level of ethical commitment. Consistent with our prediction, we find that companies with a higher level of ethical commitment are engaged in less earnings management, report earnings more conservatively, and predict future cash flows more accurately than those with a lower level of ethical commitment. We also find that corporate commitment to business ethics has perpetuating effects on future financial reporting quality.     

基于DM的上市公司组合治理机制实证研究

研究设计上市公司治理机制体系及其实证分析指标,以432家沪市上市公司为样本,单位资产实现EVA(EPA)为公司绩效类标号属性,采用数据挖掘(DM)技术对样本公司治理机制进行实证分析,得到公司治理机制不同组合和EPA之间的对应关系,根据可信度和支持度相结合的原则对得到的对应关系进行检验,从中遴选出科学有效的规则。这些规则为优化和设置公司治理机制、提高公司绩效和创造新财富提供借鉴。     

Getting to the Bottom Line: An Exploration of Gender and Earnings Quality

For stakeholders, such as investors and lenders, to appropriately assess a company’s financial performance, the reported accounting earnings must closely reflect the economic reality of the organization’s financial activity throughout the reporting period. The degree to which reported earnings capture economic reality is called earnings quality. Managers have an ethical obligation to report high quality earnings to interested stakeholders in a timely matter. Accounting research has identified conditions within an organization, such as management compensation contracts and pending litigation that can impact earnings quality. We extend this line of research by exploring whether another characteristic of an organization, gender diversity in senior management, influences the quality of reported earnings. Companies with more women in senior management are found to be more profitable and have higher stock returns after initial public offerings than those with fewer women in the management ranks. Our findings suggest that the improved bottom line for companies with more women senior executives is not produced through the management of earnings or lower quality earnings. Instead, earnings quality is positively associated with gender diversity in senior management. Gopal Krishnan is an associate professor and holds the VSCPA Northern Chapter Professorship in Public Accounting at the School of Management at George Mason University. He has published several articles on corporate governance and the role of auditors in journals such as Accounting Horizons, Contemporary Accounting Research, Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Finance and Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory. Linda Parsons is an assistant professor at the School of Management at George Mason University. She is the author of several papers that examine the value relevance of accounting in the nonprofit sector, especially as it impacts decision-making by donors. Her work has appeared in journals such as Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Finance, Research in Governmental and Nonprofit Accounting, and Journal of Accounting Literature.     

浅议内部审计与公司治理的关系

我国铁路公司制企业内部审计与公司治理之间是相辅相成的关系,加强铁路公司制企业内部审计,完善公司治理机制,是为了更好地促进内部审计与公司治理的良性互动和有效结合。目前,在公司内部审计和公司治理的运行中存在着公司治理结构未充分发挥作用、“内部人控制”现象普遍等问题。我国铁路公司制企业应通过发挥内部审计的事前、事中参与职能,创建良好的公司治理环境,实施经营管理审计．完善公司治理结构,使越来越多的铁路公司制企业步入规范化运行的轨道。     

The effect of IFRS on earnings management in Brazilian non-financial public companies

This article evaluated whether changes in accounting practices brought a reduction in earnings management (EM) in listed Brazilian non-financial companies through discretionary accruals. We developed a model to observe the effect of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) on firms' EM as well as the restrictive effects of the audit, the corporate governance and the regulatory environment. We find that the ones with the most limiting effects is the regulatory environment. We also find that the transition to IFRS had a restrictive effect on EM in Brazil after its complete implementation.     

内部控制缺陷、外部审计意见与真实盈余管理——基于新三板公司的实证研究

近两年,在新三板挂牌公司的数量突飞猛涨,该市场急剧扩容.基于此,本文以2015～2016年新三板公司经验数据为样本,探究该板块企业的内部控制缺陷披露的情况,分析内部控制缺陷程度、外部审计意见与企业真实盈余管理程度之间的相关性,进而从内外两种角度,探究前两者对新三板企业真实盈余管理程度的影响.研究结论为: 新三板公司内部控制缺陷披露程度与真实盈余管理程度为反向关系,外部审计意见与真实盈余管理程度呈正相关性.当管理层采取正(负)向真实盈余管理时,内部控制缺陷程度与真实盈余管理程度负(正)相关,而外部审计意见与盈余管理程度正(负)相关.     

管理层盈余预告消息性质与预告方式操控性选择

文章利用我国A股上市公司2004年1季度－2007年4季度管理层盈余预告样本数据,检验了盈余预告消息性质对管理层盈余预告披露精确性、及时性及态度倾向选择的影响。检验的结果表明：管理层对消息性质为好消息的盈余预告比坏消息的选择了更为精确的预告方式;而对坏消息的盈余预告态度倾向于欠悲观或相对乐观。实证结果说明,管理层在对不同性质消息的盈余预告过程中存在一定程度的操控性披露选择。     

Does family involvement explain why corporate social responsibility affects earnings management?

We investigate how family involvement in the ownership, management, or governance of a business affects its engagement in earnings management both directly and indirectly through its corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities. Using a sample of S&P 500 companies, we find that family firms tend to have higher CSR performance, which can help them to maintain legitimacy and preserve socio-emotional wealth. Family firms also engage in less accrual-based earnings management, although they are indistinguishable from non-family firms in terms of real earnings management. In contrast to previous research, we find that CSR performance is not significantly associated with either accrual-based or real earnings management behavior after we account for the effect of family involvement. Our findings suggest that the association between CSR performance and family involvement is the primary driver of the relation between CSR performance and earnings management documented in previous research.     

辽宁上市公司融资能力与价值提升

随着资本市场的发展,辽宁上市公司在数量及融资规模上却呈现弱势。这是由于辽宁上市公司资产管理效率低,持续盈利能力和成长性不足;公司治理水平与效率低,缺乏价值创造的内生动力;投资者关系管理表面化,保护投资者利益的积极性和主动性不够。要提高辽宁上市公司融资能力和公司价值,就应改善公司持续盈利能力,提高资产管理效率;完善公司治理结构,提高公司治理水平和效率;加强投资者关系管理,注重投资者利益保护。     

Are East Asian Companies Benefiting from Western Board Practices?

Since the Asian crisis, East Asian nations have strived to introduce corporate governance codes, directing companies how to best improve their corporate governance practices. However, these codes have not been universally accepted by East Asian companies. This study examines the adoption of major board-related corporate governance recommendations by large non-financial companies in seven East Asian nations and investigates whether improvements in these board governance mechanisms have been associated with increased operating performance and market value. The results indicate that family-owned companies started with worse board governance and have been least likely to improve their board governance since the crisis. Overall, bigger, faster growing, non-family-owned companies with less concentrated ownership have been more likely to improve their board governance. Splitting of the positions of Chairman and CEO, creation of audit and nomination committees and improvements in overall board governance were found to have a positive relationship with subsequent operating performance and/or market value. John Nowland is a Finance Lecturer at Queensland University of Technology in Australia. He holds a research masters degree and is completing his PhD at the University of Queensland. His current research focuses on corporate governance and capital markets in Asia.     

Corporate governance in publicly traded small firms: A study of Canadian venture exchange companies

Most evidence regarding the determinants and effects of corporate governance practices is based on large firms. Herein, we explore these issues in the context of small publicly traded Canadian companies. We exploit the fact that such firms were not subject to corporate governance guidelines prior to 2005 and thus analyze the determinants of voluntary governance practice choices, as well as the effects of those practices on firm performance. Using a unique data set, we construct a corporate governance index for each firm. We measure performance by two variables: quality of accounting earnings and financial performance. The results indicate that corporate governance does matter for smaller traded Canadian firms. We find that both accounting and financial performance are positively related to corporate governance; however, their underlying mechanisms may differ somewhat. Given this result, it would be natural to expect all firms to choose higher levels of governance. However, our results also suggest small firms face resource constraints that limit their choices. We conclude that good governance is an important driver of small firm performance that cannot be neglected by the owners and managers of these firms.     

盈余信息质量对企业创新的影响研究——基于债务异质性的中介效应检验

信息是企业与资本市场沟通的重要渠道,影响企业的财务行为与决策。本文以2011-2018年我国A股上市公司为样本,实证检验了盈余信息质量对企业创新水平的影响以及债务异质性在其中所发挥的作用。结果发现:无论用应计盈余管理程度还是盈余透明度衡量,较高的盈余信息质量都能够促进企业创新,并且债务异质性在其中发挥部分中介效应作用。高质量的盈余信息通过提升债务来源的多元化、期限结构的丰富程度,缓解融资约束,促进企业创新。企业债务异质性同时也发挥了积极的治理效应,促进企业投资更为有效,提升创新水平。进一步研究发现:不同股权性质下,盈余信息质量对企业创新都存在显著正相关关系,但相比于国有企业,盈余信息质量对非国有企业创新的促进作用程度更大。本研究对提升企业盈余信息质量、提高创新水平,实施国家创新驱动发展战略具有一定启示意义。     

我国上市公司盈余管理特点分析及对策研究

加强上市公司盈余管理,有效控制盈余管理行为,是我国各级政府机构及会计审计界的当务之急。治理企业不当盈余管理,应明晰产权并设计有效的约束激励机制,进一步规范公司治理结构,加强相关法规建设,发挥市场自身对盈余管理行为的约束力。     

独立董事选用与盈余管理监控有效性分析

作为我国公司治理机制的重要组成部分,独立董事制度的有效性对制约公司盈余管理行为至关重要,如果独立董事是自愿性选用的,董事会的独立性就会降低盈余管理;如果独立董事是强制性选用的,董事会的独立性程度较高与较低的盈余管理是不相关的。因此,董事会的独立性可以有效地监控盈余管理,但监控扭曲了独立董事的市场环境,这会导致治理机制失效。所以,我国监管机构通过不断完善公司治理机制,以应对国际金融市场不断反复的波动和冲击。     

Being good or being known: corporate governance,media coverage,and earnings announcements

Based on a sample of banking firms listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange, we examine the impact of corporate governance and media coverage on the market reaction to unexpected earnings announcements. This study finds that positive media reports prior to bad earnings announcements have a positive short-term impact on the market's response to unexpected negative earnings, but the impact is reversed in the long term. In contrast, a better corporate governance quality has a persistent positive impact on market's reaction to unexpected negative earnings, especially when the quality of corporate governance is measured by pledge ratios. The study finding provides one central implication for managements: Yes, being good would pay off.     

An evaluation of corporate governance evaluation, governance index (CGI NK ) and performance: Evidence from Chinese listed companies in 2003

In the present paper, based on samples of 2003, empirical analyses of Corporate Governance Index (CGI ^NK ) and its six dimensions of listed companies in China, the index of controlling shareholders’ behaviors, board governance index, top management governance index, information disclosure index, stakeholders’ governance index, and supervisors committee governance index, are carried out and the results show that CGI ^NK is positively associated with the return on assets (ROA), net assets per share (NAPS), earnings per share (EPS), operating cash flow per share (OCFPS), total assets turnover (TAV), rate of total assets growth (ITA) and Z-score. These indicate that good corporate governance mechanisms improve profitability, stock expansion ability, operating efficiency, growth and development potential, as well as financial flexibility and safety of listed companies. Corporate governance mechanisms of controlling shareholders, board of directors, top management, information disclosure, stakeholders and supervisors committee are largely responsible for decision-making and decision-execution mechanisms, and furthermore, they have direct and profound effects on the performance and value of listed companies. Translated from Zhongguo Gongye Jingji 中国工业经济 (China Industrial Economy), 2006, (4): 98–107