话语标记语人际功能的语用认知探析

话语标记语是话语交流必不可少的手段之一,本文以一篇CNN访谈录为语料,从认知‐语用的角度对话语标记在语篇生成和理解中所起的人际功能进行分析。总结了话语标记语的三种人际功能,即加强交谈联系、缓和面子威胁、强调或突出命题功能。     

中国英语专业学生话轮保持中话语标记语的语用功能研究

本文旨在研究中国英英语专业学生话轮保持过程中所使用的话语标记语及其功能.研究结果表明:中国英语专业学生在话轮保持中经常使用九类话语标记语,其中uh及其类似标记语的使用频率远远高于其他话语标记语.在功能上,话轮保持中的话语标记语主要被用作停顿填充标记语或延缓标记语.     

“You know”与“你(你们)知道”的语用功能分析

本文从交际主体"you/你(你们)"和参与者的认知状态"know/知道"两个方面对话语标记语"You know"/你(你们)知道"的语用功能进行分析,从而来阐释其在言语交际的互动过程中体现出的参与者之间的心理认知加工过程并揭露其字面下的假象。     

话语标记语视阙下对外汉语口语教材编写新思维

针对主流对外汉语口语教材中的话语标记语问题,提出利用汉英双语注释为留学生提供可理解的语言输入的新思维,旨在帮助留学生掌握地道汉语口语。文章对话语标记语双语注释的体例和应当包括的内容作了详细的讨论,并指出教材编写者的话语标记语意识、英语水平和翻译能力以及教师的教材二次加工能力是话语标记语教学成败的关键所在。     

中美英语报纸社论话语标记语对比研究

本文对比研究了中美两份英语报纸的话语标记语的使用情况,以揭示跨文化视角下的话语标记语的使用异同。为此目的,本研究自建了一个包含中美两份报纸社论的语料库共计246,771词。研究结果表明英语的话语标记语在两种文化下存在显著差异。本研究为跨文化交际提供了启示。     

英语口语教学中模糊限制语的应用

从模糊限制语的发展着手,主要阐述了模糊限定语的语用功能和分类以及在英语口语课堂教学中的应用。     

模糊限制语在课堂教学中的语用作用研究

模糊限制语在英语教学中使用频繁,是不可缺少的语言成分。本文就教师语言中模糊限制语的语用功能进行研究。     

大学生英语表达中模糊限制语的缺失现象研究及策略

模糊限制语(hedges)是指"把事物弄得模模糊糊的词语",最早由G.Lakoff提出。其积极语用功能主要是使语言表达更加得体。而大量调查发现,大学生英语表达中模糊限制语缺失现象较为严重,致使语言表达不准确、不得体。笔者就这一现象展开讨论并从两方面提出解决问题的有效策略。     

高校专业课课堂教学中的转述语浅析

本文从描写高校专业课课堂教学中教师语言的现状入手,运用话语分析理论,结合语用学原则,对课堂教学中的转述语进行了描写、分析。主要考察了转述语的类型、特征、语用功能。     

时空指别语的语用功能及翻译

指别是语用学研究中的重要内容之一.语言中存在指别这一语言现象充分说明了语言和使用语言的语境之间的密切关系.指别在语用翻译研究中占有重要位置.把握语境,正确理解话语的真正含义是语用翻译的前提与条件.本文从语用翻译角度简单对比汉、英两种语言文化的指别,以时间和地点指别为例探讨分析指别的语用翻译功能.     

中英文商业广告的批评性话语分析

批评性话语分析是一种全新的语篇分析方法。以中英文商业广告为语料,通过批评性话语分析可以揭示广告中隐含的意识形态意义,并说明广告在向人们传达商品信息的同时,如何通过隐藏的意识形态不自觉地影响消费者的生活观念,达到引导大众消费行为的目的。     

基于网络与3T模式的课堂互动教学

本文阐明了基于网络多媒体的课堂面授环节中存在的问题,并以对话理论、话语理论和认知发展理论为依据,提出了将网络多媒体课堂教学与3T模式相结合,并在授课各环节开展互动教学的新型教学模式,继而指出该模式将有助于解决目前教学中存在的实际问题。     

Critical Discourse Analysis in Organizational Studies: Towards an Integrationist Methodology

We engage with Leitch and Palmer's (2010 ) analysis of Critical Discourse Analytical (CDA) scholarship in organizational and management studies, in order to argue that, whereas they rightly point to the need for further reflexivity in the field, their recommendation for a strict methodological protocol in CDA studies may be reproducing some of the problems they identify in their analysis. We put forward an alternative, relational‐dialectic conception of discourse that defends an integrationist orientation to research methodology, privileging trans‐disciplinarity over rigour.     

In the Name of the Practical: Unearthing the Hegemony of Pragmatics in the Discourse of Environmental Management*

abstract A prominent feature of the rapidly growing field of Environmental Management (EM) is its strong emphasis on pragmatic considerations. Much of EM's legitimacy stems from its own identity as having practical relevance in resolving contemporary environmental problems. With the help of Critical Discourse Analysis, our paper engages closely with the language of practicality in Environmental Management. We show how the message of practicality emerged through three core messages in the discourse, viz. economic utilitarianism, compromise and inter‐organizational collaboration. We further contend that in the actual material context of the complex biospheric environment, these messages may have less than pragmatic implications. We conclude with a discussion of ecological rationality in redefining the discourse of pragmatics in Environmental Management.     

Analysing Texts in Context: Current Practices and New Protocols for Critical Discourse Analysis in Organization Studies

Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) in organization studies would be strengthened by an increased focus on a central CDA tenet that texts should be analysed in context. Context has, for the most part, been afforded a taken‐for‐granted status that is misplaced because of the diverse ways in which it may be defined and applied. These generally unacknowledged differences relate to whether context is treated as space, time, practice, change, or frame. The result is a confusing array of studies claiming some degree of CDA status without core agreement – or acknowledgement of disagreements – about what is meant by context or how it should be linked to texts. To remedy this situation we identify in this Point article nine methodological protocols related to conceptual definitions, data selection, and data analysis which we argue benefit the consistency and rigour with which CDA in organization studies is applied. Use of these protocols may also serve as criteria against which the rigour of CDA research papers may be assessed.     

The language of social entrepreneurs

This paper questions the application of the entrepreneurship discourse to social entrepreneurship in the UK and looks at how people ‘doing’ social enterprise appropriate or re-write the discourse to articulate their own realities. Drawing on phenomenological enquiry and discourse analysis, the study analyses the micro discourses of social entrepreneurs, as opposed to the meta rhetorics of (social) entrepreneurship. Analysis using both corpus linguistics software and Critical Discourse Analysis showed a preoccupation among interviewees with local issues, collective action, geographical community and local power struggles. Echoes of the enterprise discourse are evident but couched in linguistic devices that suggest a modified social construction of entrepreneurship, in which interviewees draw their legitimacy from a local or social morality. These findings are at odds ideologically with the discursive shifts of UK social enterprise policy over the last decade, in which a managerially defined rhetoric of enterprise is used to promote efficiency, business discipline and financial independence. The paper raises critical awareness of the tension in meanings appropriated to the enterprise discourse by social enterprise policy and practice and illustrates the value of discourse analysis for entrepreneurship and social entrepreneurship research.     

The Recontextualization of Management: A Discourse‐based Approach to Analysing the Development of Management Thinking*

ABSTRACT Many analysts have sought to explain the development and growth of management ideas and discourse in recent years, using notions such as the diffusion and consumption of ideas, and analogies with the fashion industry. These frameworks have a number of weaknesses that inhibit their value. Conceptualizing management knowledge or ideas or thinking as a form of discourse leads us to alternative frameworks for examining developments in this field. Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) can be used to explore the social processes and structures from which discourse emanates and which discourse in turn underpins. Bernstein's concept of recontextualization can be employed to analyse the discursive relations between different social spheres or conjunctures within which human action takes place and how discourse is changed as it moves between conjunctures to meet the needs of different social agents. In this respect it can be used to analyse how management discourse unfolds as it is produced, distributed and acquired by agents within the academic, consultant and practitioner conjunctures. By doing so we can explore: the intertextual relations between the discourses; how the management discourse becomes technologized; and how hybrid forms of discourse, which mix genres and styles, emerge.     

Mumbai’s Mysterious Middle Class

Mumbai forms the décor to an interesting set of relationships among economic liberalization, globalization, class restructuring and an unprecedented housing construction boom. The much talked about new Indian middle class is primarily an urban phenomenon and seems nowhere more salient than in India’s commercial capital and largest city. This article seeks to undo some of the mysteries that surround the new middle class: how it can be empirically defined, whether and how it is growing, how class restructuring in Mumbai conforms (or not) to Western arguments about social polarization, and how any such class restructuring can best be explained. The empirical analysis employs existing data from various sources on income and consumption in Mumbai (and India at large) and reports on selected findings from a recent survey by the author on housing, class and upward mobility among households in newly constructed homes in Greater Mumbai. Data on the distribution of household incomes show that the upper‐middle income classes have grown relative to the total, that the lower‐middle income classes have shrunk, and that the ranks of the poor have expanded slightly. Survey data among new home buyers in Mumbai suggest little upward mobility. Discourse about the ‘new middle class’ tends to focus on consumption rather than income and additional findings indicate that much of the growth in consumption is credit‐based.     

Egalitarianism under population change: Age structure does matter

We study the compatibility of the optimal population size concepts produced by different social welfare functions and egalitarianism meant as “equal consumption for all individuals of all generations”. Social welfare functions are parameterized by an altruism parameter generating the Benthamite and Millian criteria as polar cases. The economy considered is in continuous time and is populated by homogeneous cohorts with a given life span. Production functions are linear in labor, (costly) procreation is the unique way to transfer resources forward in time. First, we show that egalitarianism is optimal whatever the degree of altruism in “perpetual youth” model, that is when lifetime span is finite but age structure does not matter: in this case egalitarianism does not discriminate between the social welfare functions considered. Then we show that, when life span is finite but age structure matters, egalitarianism does not arise systematically as an optimal outcome. In particular, in a growing economy, that is when population growth is optimal in the long-run, this egalitarian rule can only hold when the welfare function is Benthamite. When altruism is impure, egalitarianism is impossible in the context of a growing economy. Either in the Benthamite or impure altruism cases, procreation is never optimal for small enough life spans, leading to finite time extinction and maximal consumption for all existing individuals.     

群体决策复合准则在供应商选择中的应用

供应商多属性的本质是供应商选择问题复杂性的主要原因之一,特别是属性为描述性质的模糊数时,有限理性的个体在决策制定过程中受到很大的局限。实际操作过程中,专家评分法运用广泛,在此基础上,文中将其与群决策理论相结合,首先指出了对供应商进行评价时常出现的平局问题,将群体决策复合准则引入到供应商选择过程中,然后建立模型,对其求解,最后结合算例,说明该方法的有效性。