农家乐发展的地域空间格局及其影响因素——基于浙江、湖北、四川的比较研究

作为新时代乡村振兴战略实施下乡村旅游经济的重要业态,我国农家乐表现出显著的东、中、西区域非均衡发展差异格局。以浙江、湖北、四川3省为研究样本,基于网络数据平台爬取农家乐空间信息,运用GIS空间分析工具及数理统计分析方法,综合比较农家乐地域空间差异特征。结果表明:3省农家乐均呈凝聚型空间分布状态,但空间集聚格局与均衡指数具有显著的省际差异;其中浙江省农家乐呈网络状均衡集聚;湖北省农家乐点状集聚于武汉、宜昌等市,省域分布不均衡;四川省农家乐团状集聚于成都平原,省内空间分布较均衡。进一步探讨省际空间差异的影响因素,发现区域政策供给导向是农家乐空间集聚的驱力,高经济水平是农家乐规模扩张的基础,完善的设施供给是农家乐空间分布的外部依赖,山脉与平原地貌交错地区、旅游资源丰富地区则成为农家乐集聚的沃土与温床。     

中国区域创新能力空间演化及其空间溢出效应

随着知识经济和科学技术的发展,创新驱动逐渐成为国家或区域谋求竞争优势的决定性因素。文章分别从创新投入、创新产出和创新潜力等三个方面,探讨2003—2013年各省份区域创新能力发展水平及其空间演化特征,采用空间计量模型(滞后、误差、杜宾),分析和评价区域创新能力的空间溢出效应。研究表明:我国各省市区域创新能力均有明显提升,但空间差异总体呈扩大态势,空间集聚态势略有降低;空间上,区域创新能力呈明显的东中西地带性;山东和陕西区域创新能力在全国地位有所提升,而辽宁省地位明显降低;省域及邻近省份区域创新能力的提升均对经济发展产生正向溢出效应,且其溢出效应呈明显的东中西地带性。     

中部六省工业化水平的综合比较研究

建立经济结构、产业结构、工业结构、就业结构、科技含量、资源消耗与环境保护六类共28个指标的工业化指标体系,采用因子分析法对2006年中部六省工业化发展水平进行比较研究。结果表明：中部六省工业化呈两极分化现象,湖北、安徽位于前列,江西、湖南位居其中,河南、山西处于落后位置,并根据据因子得分进行排名,提出中部六省各省工业化均衡发展的建议和对策。     

东中西：环境创新与经济增长的实证分析

选择《中国可持续发展战略报告》可持续发展能力作为环境创新的量化指标，利用1995--2009年的数据对全国、东中西的环境创新水平和经济增长进行面板数据模型的实证分析，检验出环境创新水平与经济增长之间存在协整关系，显示出两者存在长期均衡关系。实证分析结果显示：环境创新水平呈东中西递减态势，东部地区环境创新弹性最高，中部和西部次之，两者相差不大，全国的弹性反而比三者都低。     

中国企业家精神时空演化及驱动因素分析

基于空间计量经济学视角,探究了1998-2016年中国企业家精神时空演化特征,构建了空间杜宾模型,分析了企业家精神驱动因素。研究结果表明：中国的企业家精神在时间和空间上呈现不均衡发展特征,地区差异显著,甚至存在两极分化现象,整体呈现出自东部沿海地区向西部内陆地区阶梯性递减态势,且邻近省域企业家精神相近,具有一定空间集聚性;企业家精神的空间正相关性逐渐增强,空间依赖性增大;人力资本、经济发展程度、创新和教育水平是省域企业家精神的主要驱动因素,其中,人力资本、经济发展程度和教育水平对本省域企业家精神存在显著正向驱动作用,创新水平对邻近省域企业家精神存在显著正向驱动作用,教育水平对邻近省域企业家精神存在显著负向驱动作用。     

基于百度指数的中国省域间信息联系网络格局及其动力机制

以各省份之间相互搜索的百度指数作为省域间信息联系的依据,采用社会网络分析法探讨省域间信息联系网络格局以及层级结构。研究发现:①各省域的信息联系强度随时间明显上升,但强度位序较低的大部分省份信息联系增速相对较快。②信息联系并未完全脱离地理空间的束缚,省域间信息联系网络格局总体上呈由东到西联系强度递减的态势,大部分联系集中在稳定的"北京—上海—广东"发散的三角空间结构中。③省域间信息联系网络总体上呈现"一极三核心,多点带动"的"1+2+7+7+14"的层级结构。北京在信息联系中具有极强的中心度和控制力,上海、广州为次核心,江苏、浙江、山东、河南、重庆和四川在省域间信息联系中属于重要的节点。④省域间信息联系网络受到地区社会经济发展、信息基础设施建设、信息技术应用和科技教育水平多因素综合作用。     

省域国家森林公园网络关注度与旅游吸引力动态耦合协调关系

文章通过构建网络关注度和旅游吸引力的评价指标体系，借助耦合度、耦合协调度和DEA耦合协调效率模型，探究了2011—2018年中国大陆地区31个省域国家森林公园网络关注度和旅游吸引力两个系统之间的动态耦合协调关系。结果表明：(1)绝大部分省域的国家森林公园网络关注度与旅游吸引力尚未实现优质协调发展，耦合协调效率偏低。其中，甘肃等7个省域的耦合协调度水平处于严重失调状态，天津和青海的耦合协调度水平处于极度失调状态。但在研究期内，各省域的耦合协调度水平和协调效率均呈现小幅提升态势，位于优良、较好协调区的省域数量在增加，位于失调区的省域数量在减少。(2)各省域国家森林公园网络关注度与旅游吸引力的耦合协调度和协调效率空间差异较大。其中，安徽等14个省域旅游吸引力的利用率相对较高，其省域内的旅游吸引力提高了国家森林公园的网络关注度水平。(3)各省域耦合协调度和协调效率的排位呈现出上下两端较为稳定、居中省域变动较大的状态，其中，安徽、浙江和山东等省域的耦合协调效率稳居前列，辽宁、甘肃和海南等省域则一直靠后，而西藏、河南和江西等省域的耦合协调效率的位序变化较大。研究建议，一方面，各省域需要认真审视自身...     

中国交通运输业与旅游业融合态势的区域差异及空间格局演变

利用2006—2015年中国31个省(自治区、直辖市)交通运输业与旅游业的相关指标数据,运用耦合协调理论和探索性空间数据分析方法,结合ArcGIS10.2软件和GeoDa0.95软件,分析了中国交通运输业与旅游业的融合态势及其区域差异和空间格局的时空演变。结果表明:中国交通运输业与旅游业的发展并不平衡,两者的耦合协调度总体偏低;中国四大经济区域的两业融合发展水平呈现出东部地区>中部地区>东北地区>西部地区的空间分异特征;中国省域两业融合态势呈现出东高西低的"三级阶梯"空间分类特征;中国省域两产业融合发展水平在空间上存在显著的正向集聚性,且呈逐年提升态势;中国各省域两业融合发展水平呈现出非均衡化发展态势,两级集聚现象较为明显。     

中国省域科技创新与生态环境协调发展的时空特征

以中国30个省(自治区、直辖市)为研究对象,构建了科技创新与生态环境综合评价指标体系,采用变异系数法和协调发展度模型,实证测算了2009—2013年中国省域科技创新与生态环境协调发展度并分析了其时空特征。结果表明:中国省域整体科技创新综合发展水平明显滞后于生态环境综合发展水平,且中、西部地区和东北地区的所有省份均属于科技创新滞后型;科技创新与生态环境协调发展度总体偏低且变化平稳,但考察期内不同省份存在明显的时间分异,并呈现出显著的"东高、中西低"的空间分布格局。     

中国乡村包容性绿色发展水平分异及其驱动因素

文章从农村包容性绿色生态、农业包容性绿色生产、农户包容性绿色生活3个维度考察2010—2020年中国省域层面乡村包容性绿色发展水平,并分析其时空分异性与驱动因素影响。结果显示：(1)中国乡村包容性绿色发展水平呈波动式上升趋势,2017年之前,呈现东部>东北部>中部>西部的梯度分布格局;2017年之后,中部地区逐步实现对东北部地区的赶超。(2)中国乡村包容性绿色发展存在显著空间集聚特征,高—高集聚区主要位于东部,低—低集聚区则主要位于西部;全国及四大区域内部存在不同程度收敛趋势,东部地区收敛速度明显高于其他地区,区域内差距正在缩小。(3)城乡融合发展、农村创新创业、农业绿色基础设施投入均能够提升乡村包容性绿色发展水平,促进作用主要体现在包容性绿色生活方面。同时,农业绿色基础设施投入对包容性绿色生态存在积极影响。应当持续优化乡村绿色发展政策效能,实现农村地区生态环境保护与农户参与分享生态价值的协同增效,通过创新创业引领一二三产业高质量融合,以带动乡村绿色消费为着力点,完善和拓展城乡融合发展功能布局与总体规模,推进乡村产业振兴的区域协作和绿色融合总体布局。     

Pleasure and belief in Hume's Decision Process

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to introduce explicitly pleasure and belief in what aims at being a Humean theory of decision, like the one developed in Diaye and Lapidus (2005a). Although we support the idea that Hume was in some way a hedonist – evidently different from Bentham's or Jevons' way – we lay emphasis less on continuity than on the specific kind of hedonism encountered in Hume's writings (chiefly the Treatise, the second Enquiry, the Dissertation, or some of his Essays). Such hedonism clearly contrasts to its standard modern inheritance, expressed by the relation between preferences and utility.

The reason for such a difference with the usual approach lies in the mental process that Hume puts to the fore in order to explain the way pleasure determines desires and volition. Whereas pleasure is primarily, in Hume's words, an impression of sensation, it takes place in the birth of passions as reflecting an idea of pleasure, whose “force and vivacity” is precisely a “belief”, transferred to the direct passions of desire or volition that come immediately before action. As a result, from a Humean point of view, “belief” deals with decision under risk or uncertainty, as well as with intertemporal decision and indiscrimination problems.

The latter are explored within a formal framework, and it is shown that the relation of pleasure is transformed by belief into a non-empty class of relations of desire, among which at least one is a preorder.     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

Solidified Branding Function: How the Urban Brand Affects a Small Town’s Development? Case Study of Wangqingtuo,Tianjin, China

Chinese small towns are usually developed with single core industry,and the urban brand is the identity of a town that formed with the development of its indust...     

Nonlinearity in Stock Exchange Markets: The Case of Bist 100 Indices

In this paper,using data for the Bist 100 index,we investigate the presence of nonlinearities by employing several nonlinearity tests.The Brock,Dechert,and Sche...     

Globalization,Neoliberalism and the attack on social security

Neoliberal political movements advocate privatization of public pension systems. Globalization imposes pressure on nations to conform to neoliberal policy views with respect to the design and structure of social insurance, including public pension systems. The paper begins with an investigation of the economic, ethical and ideological dimensions of the privatization debates in the U.S.; it argues that privatization advocates may be largely moved by ideology, since the other reasons advanced appear weak or unfounded. The second part discusses the history of Social Security, the purposes for its creation, and some of its economic effects. Differences between public and private pension systems are considered. A brief international comparison of some aspects of public pension system finance and benefit structures is presented. The final section considers the ethical, macroeconomic and distributional implications of privatization, prefunding and payroll tax funding, and argues for a pay as you go system financed with income taxes. In order to promote equity, economic security, community, and social cohesion, public pension systems should be universal in coverage. In order to reduce the inequality, income insecurity, and aged poverty generated by market economies, public pension systems ought to be progressive: benefit/contribution ratios should be inversely proportional to income, and progressive income taxes should finance the system. To promote economic growth, the systems should be financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, and should not be prefunded except for an emergency reserve. The fiscal policy recommendations partially depend upon the theory developed by Abba Lerner in the 1940s, and recently advanced by Wynne Godley and Randy Wray: Lerner's “principle of functional finance.”     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Perspective on the Economic Evolution of the European Union States Under the Impact of the Pandemic and Financial-Economic Crisis

The European Union,which is at the beginning of its term of office for all Member States in the European Parliament,the European Commission,its governing body a...     

Neurally reconstructing expected utility

While the concept of “expected utility” informs many theories of decision making, little is known about whether and how the human brain might compute this quantity. This article reviews a series of functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) experiments designed to localize brain regions that respond in anticipation of increasing amounts of monetary incentives. These studies collectively suggest that anticipation of increasing monetary gains activates a subcortical region of the ventral striatum in a magnitude-proportional manner. This ventral striatal activation is not evident during anticipation of losses. Actual gain outcomes instead activate a region of the mesial prefrontal cortex. During anticipation of gain, ventral striatal activation is accompanied by feelings characterized by increasing arousal and positive valence. These findings affirm the role of emotion in the anticipation of incentives, and may provide an initial step towards a neural reconstruction of expected utility.     

Duplication, Growth and ‘Total Return Economics’

Maintenance consumption is an expense recovered in product prices, yet also a source of taste satisfaction which must be exhausted, rather than reinvested, from the capital affording it. This riddle is solved in the duplication rules: the cost of maintenance consumption is recovered in pay and prices, but an equal flow is exhausted from the human capital of the worker earning the pay. The rules impact tradition in several ways. If output is defined in principle as value added, then it cannot also be described as consumption plus net investment without double-counting the maintenance consumption recovered in prices. Also rate of return in the stationary state is not zero, but is the rate sufficient to offset the exhaustion of individual human capital. The rules lead to new insights into economic return, and support an argument that all growth at the scale of closure is due to productivity gain rather than to thrift.