利用蓄水设施开发淤地坝水资源初探

介绍蓄水设施的布局与种类规格的选择、蓄水设施关键构件的设计、蓄水设施运行、管理、淤地坝水资源的高效利用、淤地坝蓄水设施经济效益等有关要点，提出在淤地坝内建蓄水设施是开发淤地坝水资源的一条有效途径的观点。     

How to achieve best-practice integrated land-use and safety assurance policy for hazardous on-farm water storage

Communities downstream of hazardous on-farm water storages are at threat because of the severe consequences of potential dam failure. This threat exists due to inadequate development and integration of land-use planning and safety assurance policies in relation to private dams. Adequate policy integration is key to saving lives, public and private property and the environment downstream from dam failure. Whilst numerous studies have explored land-use policy and its relationship to safety, there has been limited attention to the safety risk posed by dams above increased housing development. Thus, this paper aims to explore the interrelated land-use policy and engineering issues associated with planning for and assuring safety of hazardous farm dams involving land developments and how best to integrate the policies. The extent of this problem is demonstrated in the Australian context but also has international relevance. Key guidance on the design of best-practice integrated land-use planning and safety assurance policy is provided based on (1) a comparative review of policy and practice in a wide range of different jurisdictions in Australia against indicative evidence of policy performance to determine best-practice policy elements for integration, and (2) development of a cost-effective flood safety review/design tool to help policymakers and planners with the integration process as well as minimising cost burdens to dam owners. This guidance follows on from previous research reported in this journal to help jurisdictions world-wide address the threats associated with farm dams and land developments within catchments.     

Issues in defining property rights to improve Australian water markets

This article discusses the key practical issues associated with defining property rights to water use, in the context of broadening the scope of the market for transferable water entitlements. In particular, the third party impacts of water trade and the need for improved water trading rules are discussed. Some of the issues associated with defining the reliability of water rights, including the design of appropriate dam management policies, are also discussed. The article concludes with some positive suggestions for the policy debate.     

高混凝土重力坝坝基岩体变形模量回复力学研究模型构建

由于大型水电站所在的高山峡谷区的外部环境限制,导致在开挖坝基岩体地应力释放、降低,岩体变形模量降低等问题,成为重力坝修建中影响坝基岩体变形、稳定的重大工程问题或工程地质问题。因此,以西南某水电站为例,对其坝基大规模开挖、减载所引起的模量的变化,以及高混凝土重力坝较大荷重、较高压应力下对开挖坝基松弛岩体的压密、变形模量的回复进行研究并构建相关模型,获得了坝基岩体在较高压应力下变形模量的回复。对今后高重力坝坝基岩体模量的分析和减少大量的固结灌浆工程量有重要的理论意义及经济价值。     

长沙市湿地资源类型及其特征研究

长沙市湿地包括永久性河流,淡水湖泊,草本沼泽等自然湿地类型;水库、拦河坝、水电坝,淡水养殖池塘,农用池塘、小型水池,废水处理场所,城市景观水面和娱乐水面,灌溉用沟、渠等人工湿地类型.长沙市湿地生态系统不仅为长沙地区提供了大量的生产生活用水和动植物产品等多种资源,同时还是诸多野生动植物的重要栖息地,湿地对于珍稀濒危物种的...     

黑龙江干流水电梯级开发对鱼类资源

分析了黑龙江干流水电梯级开发对鱼类资源的影响,结果表明,梯级水利枢纽建成后,对鲤、鲫、在型鱼类的影响利弊兼有。作用不明显;对以鲢、草鱼为代表的半洄游型鱼类产生的不利影响较大;对鲟、鳇、大麻土产持产鱼类的不利影响较明显。     

论松花江三湖保护区在东北生态体系建设中的战略地位

对松花江三湖保护区在东北生态体系建设中对国土生态安全、水资源安全、大坝安全、粮食安全、生物多样性安全和工业经济发展等多元化战略方面进行了论述。并提出了妥善解决好林、农、牧矛盾,加大环境污染治理力度、加强生物多样性保护以及开展科学研究与落实保护区管理权限实现科学管理等对策措施。     

定西市渔业产业现状分析及发展策略探索

改革开放以来,定西市渔业取得了长足发展。论文分析了定西市渔业在地理区位、水资源和鱼类资源具有的优势,认为定西市渔业发展具有较大潜力和丰厚的产业优势;在分析定西市池塘养殖、水库和塘坝养殖、特色养殖以及休闲渔业等产业发展现状的基础上,为进一步发挥当地优势,推进定西渔业又快又好发展,论文提出了开发与保护并举、创新机制体制、强化服务体系等发展策略。     

浅论新安江水库的区域生态环境影响

新安江水电站投产后,相应减少了火力发电的燃煤消耗量,减轻该地区资源和环境的压力;新安江水库提供了防洪安全,发挥了顶潮拒咸功效;在净化水质、改善区域小气候及调节下游河水水质等方面起到改善环境的作用。同时,新安江水库大坝对水生生物的物种多样性有一定影响,鱼类种类由建库前的107种减为目前的87种。     

水资源刚性约束下黄河流域高质量发展研究进展

黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展是重要的国家战略,水资源的刚性约束关系高质量发展成败。通过梳理黄河流域高质量发展的相关研究文献,从概念体系研究、水资源承载力研究、资源约束下的经济增长研究等3个范式切入,分析现有黄河流域高质量发展研究进展与不足。结果显示,现有研究集中高质量发展概念体系构建、水资源承载力与经济增长耦合、资源约束下的经济增长等议题,但尚未有研究阐明水资源刚性约束下高质量发展的机制。在阐释了水资源最大刚性约束作用机制的基础上,提出水资源约束高质量发展、高质量发展提升水资源承载力、统筹安全和发展的水资源约束机制,认为应建立起水资源刚性约束下的自然环境资源和社会经济增长的动态联系,并对可能的研究提出展望。     

Political Responses to Dam‐Induced Resettlement in Northern Uplands Vietnam

Dam‐induced resettlers in Vietnam manifest their responses and resistances in many different ways. This is a multiple response that expresses itself at many different levels and is spatio‐temporally contingent. These actors can be individuals, families, groups of people or communities. Drawing on fieldwork in resettlement sites of the S?n La hydropower dam in the north‐west of Vietnam, this paper explores how political responses and resistance among S?n La's resettlers were produced through resettlement conditions. It examines intensive and violent struggles over the land and resources surrounding dam sites, and aims to understand why rural disputes in resettlement sites were often between villagers rather than with the state institutions and local authorities.     

Damage Control Productivity: An Input Damage Abatement Approach

This paper compares the value of the marginal product of three different pesticides from different specifications of the production function. The specifications are the output damage abatement specification proposed by Lichtenberg and Zilberman, a general input damage abatement specification and a traditional production function. These specifications are estimated on panel data of specialised Dutch arable farms over the period 1989–1992, using Generalised Maximum Entropy estimation. Results of the input damage abatement specification show that pesticides have different impacts on individual productive inputs, although statistical evidence is weak. The output damage abatement specification produces statistically more significant relations, but imposes restrictions that are only partly supported by the data. It is also found that estimation of a quadratic traditional production function, that treats damage abatement inputs in the same way as productive inputs, does not lead to over estimation of the value of the marginal product as previous authors have hypothesised.     

Modelling hydroclimatic uncertainty and short‐run irrigator decision making: the Goulburn system*

Australia has an incredibly variable and unpredictable hydroclimate, and while irrigation is designed to reduce risk, significant uncertainty remains in both seasonal water availability (‘allocations’) and irrigation crop water requirements. This paper explores the nature and impacts of seasonal hydroclimatic uncertainty on irrigator decision making and temporary water markets in the Goulburn system in northern Victoria. Irrigation and water trading plans are modelled for the three seasons of the irrigation year (spring, summer and autumn) via discrete stochastic programming, and contrasted against a perfect information base case. In water‐scarce environments, hydroclimatic uncertainty is found to be costly, in terms of both the efficiency of irrigation decisions and the allocation of water via the water market.     

漳卫南运河德州市城区段防汛形势分析与对策

漳卫南运河是海河流域南部防洪骨干水系,担负着保护京津的防汛职责;而素有"神京门户"的德州市,扼据漳卫南运河四女寺枢纽及其下游的减河、岔河、南运河三条河流。采用辩证思想,论述在城市化进程中,既要利用原有河道美化城市,更要牢固树立"安全第一"的防汛思想。就漳卫南运河德州市城区段在利用河道美化城市的过程中,出现的人河争地、跨河工程、景区建设以及防汛队伍建设等方面出现的诸多问题展开分析,提出从信息工程、分洪工程、堤坝工程等工程措施和防汛队伍建设、防汛安全宣传教育等非工程措施方面寻求解决对策。     

水利产业投资存在的问题及对策

分析水利产业的内涵和当前水利产业投资现状，指出当前水利产业投资现状的主要问题是水利产业投资主体单一，水利产业内部投资结构失衡及其原因，提出水利产业投资对策：加大国家对水利建设的投入力度，建立合理的投资回收与补偿机制，建立投资风险约束机制，构建流域机构为出资人代表的水利投融资主体和积极探索多种融资渠道。     

Alternative models of input allocation in multicrop systems: Irrigation water in the Central Plains,United States

This paper compares three models of input allocation in multicrop systems. In addition to the variable input and satisficing models analyzed in previous research, an allocatable fixed input model of short-run input use is derived. The empirical application studies irrigation water use in the Central Plains region of the United States. Based on results from model specification tests and prediction accuracy measures, the allocatable fixed input model dominates both other models in explaining multicrop water allocation. In addition, the paper presents an alternative approach to the study of deficient data on multicrop production. By transferring econometric results from analysis of ‘non-deficient’ crop-level data, input allocations in deficient data sets can be predicted.     

兰州市农村基础设施建设对农业经济影响的研究

以兰州市三县五区为研究区,通过对兰州市农村基础设施建设和农业经济发展现状进行分析,采用固定效应模型,选取2007年-2017年兰州市农村基础设施的面板数据,对农村基础设施建设对农业经济的影响进行计量分析,结果表明:交通运输、农田水利和卫生环境基础设施对农业经济增长有显著的促进作用。提出了要继续推进兰州市农村交通运输基础设施和水利基础设施建设,加大资金投入,完善农村卫生环境基础设施建设,同时注重农村基础设施投资与农业经济增长的相关性,满足农业生产的效用性和长远性的建议。     

Local water markets for irrigation in southern Spain: A multicriteria approach

Spanish authorities have recently approved a new legislative framework for the creation of local water markets to improve allocative efficiency for this scarce resource. This paper analyses the potential impacts of the policy. A utility function for three groups of farmers was elicited, using a method that does not require interaction with the decision-makers. Utility was measured as a function of the first two moments of the distribution of total gross margin. The utility functions were then used to simulate farmers' responses to changes in the price of water.     

山西省农业自然资源评估及可持续发展

收集了山西省农业土地资源、农业水资源和农业气候资源的相关原始数据,应用系统学原理,采用灰色综合评估的方法,对辖区内11个地市的农业自然资源进行综合评价,并据此提出山西省农业发展的对策。     

平原水库供水效益与可持续发展对策研究

针对滨州市平原水库存在建设标准低、水土资源浪费、新建水库征地难度大、农村供水价格低、重建设轻管理、水库闲置等问题，分析对现有水库加高围坝，配套防渗、截渗设施，实施以增加库容为核心的技术改造的可行性和重要性，提出政府扶持，市场化运作，实行村村通自来水，发展节水高效农业的平原水库可持续发展思路。