西部地区农户收入水平对农村能源消费的影响分析

西部地区农村人口众多,农村能源建设是西部地区可持续发展的一个重要条件,而沼气建设是西部农村能源建设的重点。文章在介绍西部地区农村能源概况的基础上,对农户收入水平对沼气消费的影响进行理论、实证分析,得出农户人均纯收入水平对农村人均沼气消费量的影响是非线性关系的结论,提出针对不同收入水平的农户采取相应的措施来解决农村能源短缺,促进生态农业良性发展。     

西南四省市国家扶贫重点县农户收支结构变动对反贫困需求影响的研究

介绍了西南四省市国家扶贫重点县农民的收支变动情况,分析了出现这种变动趋势的原因及对当地反贫困需求的影响。从收支水平看,西南四省市的反贫困任务仍然任重道远;从收入结构看,增加贫困人口工资性收入是反贫困的重要途径;从支出结构看,丰富贫困人口的精神生活不容忽视。提出了西南四省市反贫困的战略。     

中国城镇、农村居民消费的分析与比较

在借鉴西方跨期最优消费选择理论和相对收入假说所提出的"棘轮效应"的基础上,估计中国的消费函数,鉴于我国城镇和农村居民在消费行为方面存在差异,本文分城镇居民和农村居民对模型单独进行检验,考察两者在影响消费的因素方面的差异,并试图找到产生这种差异的原因。最后,根据城镇居民和农村居民消费函数的不同特点,提出拉动居民消费的政策建议。     

经济刺激计划与农村消费启动——基于我国农村居民收入分解的实证分析

文章在对我国农村居民收入构成进行分解的基础上,利用协整等计量工具时影响我国农村居民消费的各种因素进行了量化分析,并由此对照我国政府为应对世界经济危机而出台的一揽子经济刺激计划,分析经济刺激计划中各项具体政策措施在促进农村消费方面的作用.实证分析和政策分析的结果表明:(1)当前对农村居民消费具有显著影响的因素主要是农村居民经营性收入、工资性收入及国家财政农村救济费支出;(2)已出台的经济刺激计划,既有消费价格补贴等短期措施,也有旨在提高农村居民收入、完善农村社会保障、优化农村消费环境的长期性政策,时于促进农村消费具有很强的针对性;(3)未来促进农村居民消费仍需继续着眼于各种长期性政策.国家在加大财政支农力度时,应注重提高农林水事业费以外的支农支出比重;(4)县域经济是启动农村消费的关键.未来的政策着力点可以考虑将启动农村消费与发展县域经济、推动城乡一体化发展相结合.     

农户投资行为实证研究

农户投资水平如何是现在及将来影响到农业发展的关键性问题。农户投资行为分析具有很强的现实意义。本文对影响农户投资行为的几个关键因素———农户收入、农地收益、农地规模、农业贷款、承包期等如何影响农户投资及影响程度进行实证研究 ,来说明如何提高农户投资水平。     

Debt Overhang and Deleveraging in the US Household Sector: Gauging the Impact on Consumption

Using a novel data set for the U.S. states, this paper examines whether household debt and the protracted debt deleveraging help explain the dismal performance of U.S. consumption since 2007 in the aftermath of the housing bubble. By separating the concepts of deleveraging and debt overhang—a flow and a stock effect—we find that excessive indebtedness exerted a meaningful drag on consumption over and beyond wealth and income effects. The overall effect, however, is modest—‐around one sixth of the slowdown in consumption between 2000–06 and 2007–12—and mostly driven by states with particularly large imbalances in their household sector. This might be indicative of non‐linearities, whereby indebtedness begins to bite only when misalignments from sustainable debt dynamics become excessive.     

住宅价格与居民收入均衡关系及住房支付能力稳定性

文章通过聚类分析将35个大中城市按2000-2009年住宅价格分为四组,结合面板单位根、协整和格兰杰因果检验对住宅价格和居民收入的均衡关系进行了分析,并运用FMOLS模型探讨了住房支付能力稳定性问题。分析表明:35个大中城市的住宅价格和居民收入之间存在长期均衡关系,但支付能力稳定性比较弱;住宅价格和居民收入互为因果关系;住房支付能力稳定性弱不是普遍现象,仅存在于高房价城市;除收入外,城市的食品消费、医疗、教育和交通通信等软硬件设施也是影响住宅价格的重要因素。     

Fighting Childhood Poverty: How a Universal Child Allowance Would Impact the U.S. Population

Modern developed economies have a material abundance beyond the imagination of people living two centuries ago, yet for many the guaranteed ability to access that material abundance is more tenuous than ever. In the United States, a job loss or an illness can strip the family of all assets faster than a drought could destroy the livelihood of a nineteenth-century farmer. As a reaction to this, many young adults are choosing to delay or forego having children. The largest age demographic in the United States who live in poverty are children. Social Security is politically popular and has been successful at dramatically lowering poverty amongst the elderly. A similar policy could be equally successful for children. This article uses Consumer Expenditure Survey data to explore how a universal child allowance could decrease the number of children living in poverty and help all U.S. families with children.     

中国家庭债务和资产积累关系的实证分析:1997-2008

笔者运用1997年～2008年中国家庭债务和家庭资产积累的时间序列数据,定量分析了家庭负债和家庭资产积累的关系。研究发现,家庭债务和家庭资产积累存在同向的长期均衡关系,家庭债务的变动会影响家庭资产的积累。笔者提出促进家庭资产合理配置和防范中国家庭债务快速增长带来的消极后果的相关建议,旨在为决策部门制定合理的经济政策提供参考。     

中国西部地区农户收入增长影响因素及其关系——以云南省为例

为获得影响当前农民收入的主要影响因素,对云南省4200家农户进行了调查,根据所获得的3432份有效问卷数据,结合统计年鉴相关数据和云南省人口普查数据,采用多元统计方法,对影响农民收入的主要因素进行了分析。研究表明:对农民人均纯收入影响最大的是其他乡村从业人员比例,其次是乡村从业人员占农村人口的比例,再次是6岁以上人口受教育年限和农业人口比例。最后,根据调查结果提出相关的政策建议。     

经济增长及宏观调控对我国居民消费的效应分析

基于协整理论,利用1978-2007年的时间序列数据,从城镇居民和农村居民人均消费支出角度,通过构建四变量VAR模型,分析了经济增长及宏观调控对我国居民消费的效应。研究结果表明:居民收入是影响居民消费的主要因素;不确定性的增加对居民消费具有抑制作用;经济增长对我国居民消费产生正向效应,但影响不明显;宏观调控对于农村居民消费的影响大于城镇居民,其中政府支出对我国居民消费影响主要表现为挤入效应,而利率的收入效应大于替代效应;最后,适度的通货膨胀有利于促进居民消费。     

Remittances and Household Expenditures on Education in Ghana's Northern Region: Why Gender Matters

Studies of the impact of migrant remittances on receiving households assume that these households act as a unit in receiving remittances and making decisions about their use. Thus, many of these studies use the gender of the household head as a key control variable. This study questions this assumption, using original qualitative and quantitative data on rural–urban migration of women in Ghana to show that gendered social norms of household provisioning influence the intrahousehold flow of remittances. Regression results indicate that migrant women are more likely to send remittances to other women, creating female-centered networks of remittance flows even within male-headed households. The implications of this for intrahousehold resource allocation are explored through an analysis of the impact of the gender of the remitter and recipient on education expenditure. The results show that regardless of the gender of the household head, households in which women are the primary recipient of remittances spend more than twice as much on education as households in which men are the primary recipient.     

Household heterogeneity and consumption dynamics in the presence of borrowing and liquidity constraints

I study the effects of borrowing and liquidity constraints on the response of consumption to anticipated income changes. Using the PSID over 1999–2013, I find that the well-documented strong excess sensitivity of consumption to income of highly constrained households can be explained by episodes of income increases. In addition, I look into the heterogeneity of households without debt, a group that has been largely disregarded by the literature. My fixed-effects estimates show that only those without debt tend to increase their saving in response to anticipated income declines, irrespective of the amount of liquid assets held.     

政府教育支出区域间不平衡的动态分析

本文认为 ,在对区域间政府教育支出发展不均衡的问题进行研究时 ,还要着重考虑两个方面 ,一是政府教育支出要受到政府财政规模的限制 ,二是政府教育支出要受制于国家教育政策的长期目标。本文从我国近年来总体的政府教育支出规模增长与教育需求的特点着手 ,用动态分析方法对近年来省区间政府教育支出规模变动所引起的受教育人口水平的变化过程进行了分析。文章认为 ,政府应先行调整经济发达地区的教育政策目标 ,继续加大对经济不发达地区的转移支付力度。同时 ,优化教育支出结构 ,提高政府教育支出效率 ,确保有限的政府教育资金都能用在教育事业发展上。     

农户投资非农户化过程中资金对技术的制约

随着市场经济的发展,农户家庭经营逐渐多元化,农民在产业间比较优势的对比下,逐渐由单一地经营纯农业到兼营农业、兼营非农业、纯非农业.这种非农化的经营模式在逐渐地发展,最终的结果是农民收入的大幅度提高,促进了非农化进程的加快,而这种投资非农化进程的加快又会大大增加农民资金投入的增加.从二者相互促进的关系中以资金投入对农户投资非农化的重要作用为出发点,展开论述,为促进农户投资非农化提供依据.     

自然灾害发生前后灾区农户收入影响因素的对比分析——以汶川为例

本文以汶川地震为研究背景,通过构建灾害发生前后灾区农户的收入模型,实证研究了灾前、灾后影响受灾地区农户收入的主要因素及其异同。除此之外,本文从高低收入组间差异角度,实证分析了灾害发生前后农户收入影响因素的组间差异。研究表明,无论是灾前还是灾后,外出务工对农户收入都具有显著的正向增长作用,且灾后这种影响比灾前有所扩大。地震发生后,家庭经营收入对农户收入的增长作用比灾前有所增加。地震对高低收入组农户外出务工情况产生了不同程度的负面影响,由此可能导致高低收入组间农户收入差距的进一步扩大。最后,本文提出了相应的政策建议。     

居民资产、财富效应与我国城镇居民消费

现代消费理论认为财富是影响居民消费的重要因素,并且各种财富形式对消费水平影响不同.对我国居民资产财富效应的实证研究表明,股票资产在长期对居民消费有负向影响.财富效应微弱,而房产财富对居民消费的正向效应比较明显,刺激消费作用较强.当前财富效应的产生与我国股市发展不稳定及房地产市场的发展特性相关,而个人可支配收入和储蓄仍是影响我国居民消费支出的主要因素.     

Assessing the Impact of Changes in Petroleum Prices on Inflation and Household Expenditures in Australia

This article analyses the expected impact of a twofold rise in petrol prices on sectoral prices and household expenditures in Australia using 1996–97 and 1977–78 input-output tables.     

Child Schooling and Work Decisions in India: The Role of Household and Regional Gender Equity

Abstract

This paper tests three hypotheses about how mothers' autonomy in India affects their children's participation in school and the labor market. To do so it extends the concept of mothers' autonomy beyond the household to include the constraints imposed by the extent of gender equity in the regions in which these women live. This study began with the expectation that increased autonomy for Indian mothers living in heterosexual households would increase child schooling and decrease child work. However, the results are mixed, indicating that mother's autonomy can be reinforced or constrained by the environment. The paper concludes that mothers and fathers in India make different decisions for girls vis-à-vis boys and that the variables reflecting mothers' autonomy vary in their impact, so that mothers' level of education relative to fathers' is not often statistically significant, while mothers' increased contributions to household expenditure decrease the probability of schooling and girls' work.     

我国社会保障支出的地区差异分析

文章首先运用GE指数分解法,分析我国社会保障支出区域差异及贡献率;然后运用GINI系数分解法,分析社会保障各项支出对总体差异的贡献率。结果表明:三大区域总体、区域内及区域间的差异基本呈下降趋势,期间略有起伏,但区域内差异远远大于区域间差异;东部、中部和西部地区差异变动趋势不一致,且对总体差异的贡献率差别较大;社会保障各项支出的贡献率差异较大,其中社会保障补助支出成为总体差异的主体因素。文章最后对实际测算结果作进一步分析,并提出相应的政策建议。