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1.
《中南财经政法大学学报》2019,(4)
垂直专业化分工如何影响出口技术复杂度?本文利用中国高技术产业1998~2015年省级层面数据进行的研究发现:垂直专业化有效地提升了中国高技术产业出口技术复杂度,但在金融危机后垂直专业化的提升效应减弱了。垂直专业化对高技术产业出口技术复杂度的提升效应可以通过研发投入和劳动生产率机制实现,但垂直专业化的研发效应较弱,通过研发投入机制对出口技术复杂度的提升效应较为有限。此外,垂直专业化对出口技术复杂度的影响存在企业异质性,对绩效较好企业的影响效果更显著,而对不同规模企业的影响差异不明显。因此,为提高各地区高技术产业出口技术复杂度水平,政府在制定政策时需要适度考虑地区企业的特征因素,以充分发挥垂直专业化的提升效应。 相似文献
2.
人民币的升值并没有导致中国对美国贸易顺差的减少,结合中国参与国际垂直分工,计算整体和行业层面对美国出口的垂直专业指标,并且利用汇改以来的月度数据,检验在垂直专业化条件下的汇率与贸易的关系,结果发现,垂直专业化程度高的行业,汇率的变化对于贸易没有影响;而垂直专业化程度低的行业,人民币的升值对于出口和贸易顺差产生了显著的负面影响。其主要原因是高垂直专业化的行业大量进口中间产品,经过组装以后再出口,其利益主要为跨国企业获得。并且从整体上看中国的出口主要依赖这些行业,所以人民币的升值并没有导致对美国贸易顺差的减少。 相似文献
3.
通过建立三个不同专业化程度的贸易量模型分析专业化程度与贸易量之间的基本变动关系,表明两国之间的贸易量不仅与国家相对规模成正比,而且专业化程度越高,贸易量越大。扩展后的模型研究发现,一国某一典型产品的出口贸易量不仅取决于本国收入,而且还取决于该产品国内产值占本国收入比例与该产品世界产值占世界收入比例的差别,差别越大贸易量越大,而这种差别可看作是产品专业化生产程度的反映。 相似文献
4.
KOKI OIKAWA 《Journal of Public Economic Theory》2011,13(4):539-554
In this paper, I first show that there may be inefficient herd behavior even with a continuous choice set and a continuous loss function if there is payoff complementarity. Then, I show that the probability of inefficient herd behavior is asymptotically zero and the choice sequence converges to the optimal one almost surely if people have even a small amount of tolerance that they are willing to accept one another as a partner in joint work. This result is closely related to the argument in J. S. Mill’s On Liberty, where he states that tolerance for others’ ideas is essential for sophistication of ideas. 相似文献
5.
Little attention has been given to the measurement of changes in attitudes and beliefs resulting from instruction in economics. This deficiency is met by Mann and Fusfeld who relate attitude changes to growth in students' knowledge (cognition) and to characteristics of both students and instructors. The findings from this research suggest a conflict among the goals of instruction. They also imply greater persistence of changes in attitude than of changes in knowledge. 相似文献
6.
In the Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement of GATT (1 January 1995) it was agreed to harmonise intellectual property rights (IPR) on an international level and to include the option for patent protection for all life forms such as plants and animals (Article 27 (3) b). Patenting, however, leads to considerable conflicts between international trade and protection of biological diversity, which can be illustrated by the example of seed production. We make use of a three-stage game to show the strategic incentives for implementation of two different property rights regimes (patents and farmers' rights) on competition and biodiversity. We show that the Southern government has no incentive to acknowledge international patents, even if farmers' rights do exist. The Northern producer will always dominate in the output market if patents are applied, but without farmers' rights biodiversity will not be maintained by the Southern government. Thus total payoff of the northern firm is maximized, if both IPR regimes are implemented. However, if only farmers' rights are valid, biodiversity will be maximal. 相似文献
7.
Mark D. White 《Review of social economy》2013,71(3):223-241
Judgment is an element of decision-making that is of critical importance to both ethics and economics but remains underappreciated in both. In this paper, I describe one conception of moral judgment, drawn from the moral philosophy of Immanuel Kant and the legal philosophy of Ronald Dworkin, in which an agent weighs and balances the various moral duties and principles relevant to a choice situation in a way that maintains the integrity of her moral character. After explaining the foundations and uses of judgment in ethics, I discuss its importance to two areas of economic modeling, individual choice and policy-making, both of which can be enhanced by incorporating judgment alongside more basic ethical motivations and concerns. 相似文献
8.
基于服务贸易出口复杂度的算法,选取中国2000-2012年相关数据,分析金融发展对服务贸易出口结构的溢出效应。结果表明:短期内,金融发展对服务贸易出口结构没有影响,不存在溢出效应;长期内,金融发展能显著促进服务贸易出口结构的优化,但其溢出效应具有滞后性;金融发展对服务贸易出口结构存在单向因果关系,服务贸易出口结构不会影响金融发展。基于此,实现中国金融业发展对服务贸易出口结构长期可持续溢出效应,应完善金融体系,做大做强金融业;合理引导金融机构贷款投放,加大信贷支持;推进多层次资金市场,拓宽投融资渠道。 相似文献
9.
Carsten Eckel 《The German Economic Review》2006,7(4):403-418
Abstract. In contrast to the predictions of standard models of international trade, globalization critics are claiming that trade destroys diversity. We demonstrate that with endogenous sunk costs, trade integration in horizontally differentiated industries can indeed lead to a fall in diversity. Consumers are faced with a tradeoff between gains in real income and a loss in diversity, so that the impact on welfare is ambiguous. However, it is possible through fiscal policies to replicate pre-trade choices and still realize gains in real income. Thus, calls for a 'cultural protectionism' are not justified. 相似文献
10.
Anthony J. Evans 《The Review of Austrian Economics》2013,26(3):297-309
The aim of this paper is twofold: firstly to discuss the foundations of Grid-Group “Cultural Theory” and highlight the compatibility with Austrian economics, and secondly to apply this framework to the context of organisational culture. My claim is that “Corporate Cultural Theory” provides a rigorous and grounded social anthropological framework to take Austrian economics beyond its traditional uses and improve upon competing explanations of corporate culture. 相似文献
11.
The sustained rapid growth of Korea and Taiwan represent two alternative paths of successful development. The difference between these two paths is reflected in industrial concentration, macroeconomic management, and export mix. During the 1997 crisis, Korea absorbed severe shocks and then scored a quick recovery, while Taiwan proceeded at a more or less constant pace. Taiwan has followed a usual progression experienced by Netherlands or Switzerland before; Korea has struck out on a different path, under a more active government policy. Before the current, ongoing reform, the development policy of Korea dates back to President Park, and fits his style of personal management over the economy. It has its own rationale, but also entails greater financial risks. The different roles played by the small and medium enterprises in the two economies provide food for thought in development economics. 相似文献
12.
本文利用面板数据分析方法,从行业和地区的角度实证分析了垂直专业与中国企业技术创新之间的关系。研究发现,以垂直专业化融入全球价值链在总体上促进了企业技术创新产出的提高,但对本土的创新投入有一定的挤出效应。通过对不同种类专利数据的进一步分析表明,中国企业往往只是掌握某些实用型的非核心技术实现一般意义上的产品升级,要彻底改变中国企业在全球价值链中的位置,仍需要在开放条件下实现本土自主创新能力的提升。 相似文献
13.
Economic growth has increased the potential for a materially more fulfilling life. But economic growth has a price: it undermines the contributions of households, communities, and nature, on which all economic activity depends. How can we make visible, in economic terms, the qualities that are lost as a consequence of excessive economic activity? In the spirit of these critical discussions, Feminist Economics has initiated this issue's exploration of quality of life: Which aspects of life do economists regard as essential to the concept? What can we learn from disciplines whose traditions of quality of life research are older than ours? The ten articles that follow suggest, in the brief form allowed by the format, a number of different ways to approach these questions. 相似文献
14.
Pricing costs and information problems are introduced into a framework with consumer-producers, economies of specialization, and transaction costs, to predict the endogenous and concurrent evolution of the division of labor and of information concerning economic organization acquired by society. Concurrent evolution generates endogenous growth based on the tradeoff between gains from information about the efficient pattern of the division of labor—which can be acquired via experiments with various patterns—and experimentation costs, which relate to the costs of discovering prices. The concept of Walras sequential equilibrium is developed to analyze the social learning process which is characterized by uncertainties in the direction of the evolution and by a certain trend of the evolutionary process. 相似文献
15.
实力均衡是欧洲能够免于战争的必要条件,两次世界大战的发生都是因为德国力图打破这种均衡。但问题是,如何能做到各国发展同步?欧洲找到了根本的解决之道 相似文献
16.
行业专门化与审计质量——来自中国审计市场的经验证据 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
文章运用中国上市公司2002-2007年的数据,研究了会计师事务所行业专门化投资行为对审计质量的影响。研究发现,在控制了其他变量之后,审计质量随着会计师事务所行业专门化投资程度的上升而先下降后上升,呈现U型函数关系。文章的研究结论有助于丰富会计师事务所行业专门化对审计质量影响的研究,并为我国会计师事务所通过行业专门化发展战略实现做大做强提供重要的数据支持。 相似文献
17.
地方保护主义对地区产业结构的影响——理论与实证分析 总被引:53,自引:1,他引:53
本文旨在考察地区政府保护对地方产业结构的作用,对地区间产业结构趋同问题进行了研究。本文首先提出理论模型,在一个厂商投资行为模型中,从改变地区间贸易成本和政府直接投资两个方面引入地方政府行为变量,讨论政府行为对地区产业结构的影响。模型分析发现贸易成本的增加会促使地区间产业结构趋同,而政府直接投资对产业结构的影响并不确定,在一定情况下会促进地区间产业结构差异化。这些结论在随后进行的对中国近年地区和产业数据的实证研究中得到了验证。趋势分析发现样本年间我国地区产业结构差异的全国平均水平在逐年增大。而以地区为着眼点的计量回归分析则发现,在控制了运输条件、地区资源差异和产业结构等历史因素之后,政府变量对地区间产业结构差异变化有显著影响。政府设置贸易壁垒增加地区间贸易成本,会促进地区间产业结构趋同。政府的投资行为则在整体上促进了地区间产业结构的差异化。 相似文献
18.
笔者在Metilz模型的基础上建立了产业集聚对高新技术产品出口复杂度的促进作用机制的理论模型,利用2005年~ 2011年间我国25个省、市、区相关数据就产业集聚对高新技术产品出口复杂度的作用影响进行了实证研究,结果表明:产业集聚对高新技术产品出口复杂度的作用影响显著;不同区域的产业集聚水平差异导致了区域出口复杂度存在明显的差异;提高产业集聚水平是促进一个国家出口商品技术含量提升的重要途径. 相似文献
19.
Thomas I. Palley 《Journal of economic issues》2013,47(1):195-208
Gomory and Baumol (2000), and Samuelson (2004) have raised concerns about international trade’s future impact on U.S. national income. The focus is how globalization may affect the size and distribution across countries of gains from trade. Though their analysis is developed using a pure trade theoretical framework, it has strands in common with institutionalist thinking. Their findings spotlight the need for a new U.S. trade policy agenda aimed at maximizing the U.S. share of gains from trade, and complementing conventional Keynesian open economy macroeconomic analysis. 相似文献
20.
Peter Soderbaum 《Journal of economic issues》2013,47(3):835-837
Followers of urban affairs and public policy have written much over the years about the rise of suburbia and development beyond older city boundaries in the US, whether such development is called urban, suburban, or ex-urban sprawl. Many researchers have focused on various issues concerning sprawl, especially on the unintended consequences that new development has had for municipal finances, neighborhood income and residential segregation, and transportation planning, among other issues. Over the last decade, a new area in the literature on sprawl has focused on how the “built environment” of residential areas can impact health and emergency services. We contribute to this latest set of papers on sprawl by trying to empirically estimate the impact of sprawl in metropolitan regions on the Federal Emergency Management Agency’s (FEMA) spending on “public assistance.” This assistance encompasses spending on debris removal, emergency protective measures, and rehabilitating or rebuilding of infrastructure, public buildings, public utilities, parks and recreational areas, in post-disaster relief efforts. In our exploratory analysis, the results indicate that urban sprawl is a factor in influencing the level of FEMA’s public assistance spending. 相似文献