Structured problem solving for materiel managers

A structured approach to problem solving and solution documentation is one of the keys to continuous improvement. Without it, it is quite possible to solve the wrong problem, to solve the right problem in the wrong way, or (maybe worst of all) to solve the same problem over and over again. Companies that have figured out how to solve the right problems in the right way, once and for all, will ultimately move forward much faster than their competitors.     

Decision-making in the supply chain: Examining problem solving approaches and information availability

In this paper we investigate the role of two types of problem solving approaches on supply chain performance. Additionally, we investigate how the level of information availability moderates problem solving approach on supply chain performance. We draw on construal level theory from the experimental psychology literature to explain how the problem solving approaches (abstract problem solving approach vs. concrete problem solving approach) contribute to supply chain performance. From this foundation, we run a series of behavioral experiments to test our hypotheses that problem solving approaches and information availability impact supply chain performance as presented in the beer distribution game. A key finding of this study is that individuals who take an abstract problem solving approach are able to perform better than individuals who take a concrete problem solving approach in the context of limited information availability. However, in the context of complete information availability, the impact of both types of problem solving approaches on performance becomes negligible.     

边角余料的合理利用

随着市场竞争的日趋激烈,如何降低成本、提高效益已成为企业提高竞争力急需解决的问题。面对生产中产生的大量边角费料,如果能合理利用,就可以减少浪费,节约材料,无疑将会给企业带来可观的经济效益。     

物流银行业务运作模式及其风险控制策略研究

融资难是中小企业发展中客观存在的问题,这一问题严重制约了中小企业的发展,而利用物流银行业务进行融资是缓解中小企业融资难的有效途径之一。作为新型业务的物流银行业务的开展,必将面临不同于传统银行业务的诸多风险。文章分析了物流银行的基本运作模式,探讨物流银行业务在运作过程中面临的风险及其控制策略。     

股利政策与公司治理理论

股利政策一直是上市公司财务管理的核心之一,因为股利分配既关系到公司股东的经济利益,又关系到公司的未来发展。究竟采取什么样的股利政策是上市公司决策层最为棘手的问题,而公司治理理论是构建公司治理结构、解决公司治理问题的理论基础。本文对股利政策和公司治理理论进行了剖析。     

求解0-1背包问题的人工蜂群算法

提出了一种用于求解0-1背包问题的人工蜂群算法,详细阐述了该算法求解背包问题的具体操作过程。算法主要使用了两个思想策略:启发式贪婪算法和人工蜂群算法。通过对其它文献中仿真实例的计算和结果对比,表明该算法对求解0-1背包问题的有效性,这对人工蜂群算法解决其它离散问题会有很大帮助。     

我国新农村法制建设法律问题研究

"三农问题"是我国在经济建设中要重点解决的问题,而农村法制建设程度的高低将对此起到直接作用。目前,我国在农村法制建设存在着各种问题,这些问题都亟需在建设社会主义新农村中解决。     

Leadership,Creative Problem‐Solving Capacity,and Creative Performance: The Importance of Knowledge Sharing

This article presents two studies that examine whether leader supportive behaviors facilitate knowledge sharing and employee creative problem‐solving capacity, thereby enhancing creative performance. The findings from both studies indicate that leader supportive behaviors are directly and indirectly related, through both internal and external knowledge sharing, to employee creative problem‐solving capacity. In addition, creative problem solving was related to the two dimensions of creative performance—fluency and originality. However, a test of the mediation model indicated that creative problem solving only mediated the relationship between internal knowledge sharing creative performance and originality. These findings highlight the complex process by which leaders facilitate both internal and external knowledge sharing and employee creative problem‐solving capacity, thereby improving employee creative performance.     

时变路网无能力约束车辆路径优化

讨论了一类时变路网下的无能力约束车辆配送路径优化问题,建立了基于时变路网的以配送总耗时最短为优化目标的无能力约束车辆配送路径优化模型。提出了基于实时Dijkstra算法的模型求解方法。数值算例表明考虑路网时变特性得到的优化配送方案将更加符合配送实际。     

The cheapest hedge

Investors often wish to insure themselves against the payoff of their portfolios falling below a certain value. One way of doing this is by purchasing an appropriate collection of traded securities. However, when the derivatives market is not complete, an investor who seeks portfolio insurance will also be interested in the cheapest hedge that is marketed. Such insurance will not exactly replicate the desired insured-payoff, but it is the cheapest that can be achieved using the market.Analytically, the problem of finding a cheapest insuring portfolio is a linear programming problem. The present paper provides an alternative portfolio dominance approach to solving the minimum-premium insurance portfolio problem. This affords remarkably rich and intuitive insights to determining and describing the minimum-premium insurance portfolios.     

实验室教学模式的探索

本文结合高校实验室教学的现状,分析传统实验室教学中存在的问题,探讨建立开放型实验室教学模式,解决学生被动接受知识、重理论轻实践、实验室设备利用率低等问题,培养学生的创新思维和解决问题的能力。     

Researching students’ strategies, episodes, and metacognitions in mathematical problem solving

The purpose of this study was to investigate the problem solving strategies, problem solving episodes, and metacognitions of five Turkish high school freshmen and explore the interplay of these on their problem solving success in mathematics. Participants worked on ten problems selected among the released mathematical literacy items used in Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2003. The research data had been collected through clinical interviews and a self-monitoring questionnaire filled by the participants. The data were coded and analysed according to a framework adopted from various researchers in the field. Our results have confirmed that the problem solving success is too complex to be clarified by a unique property or behaviour of the solver. It requires overcoming various obstacles to reach a successful result. Therefore, not only the students should have the required mathematical knowledge and a good repertoire of different problem solving strategies, but also they should know when and how to use those strategies, along with monitoring and regulating their problem-solving processes using their metacognitive skills.     

浅析计算机局域网的安全保密与管理措施

安全问题始终是计算机网络的软肋,一直制约着计算机网络技术的进一步推广。随着Internet网络急剧扩大和计算机局域网用户迅速增加,以及人们缺乏对网络安全控制机制和安全政策认识的不足,网络安全将变得更加严重和复杂,而这些风险正是影响人们致力于解决计算机局域网的安全问题所在。本文通过对计算机局域网安全的描述,阐述了计算机局域网络系统在运用中存在脆弱性的一面。并就局域网安全保密措施进行了相应的探讨。     

问题解决六步法在精益生产项目中的应用

基于问题解决的八步法是QC活动的基本流程,某科研院所在推行精益生产过程中充分借鉴问题解决基本流程,结合精益管理的工具,提炼出精益生产项目管理的一套方法,通过实践运用,取得了很好的效果。论文着重重介绍了这种问题解决六步法从问题确定、目标设定、根因分析、措施实施、效果评估到流程与IT固化在推进精益生产项目中的应用。     

Team Learning from Mistakes: The Contribution of Cooperative Goals and Problem‐Solving*

ABSTRACT Although mistakes may have considerable potential for learning, previous research has emphasized that organizational members are often defensive when their mistakes are pointed out and will even continue with their present course of action despite growing costs. Recent research has shown that team‐level variables, such as psychological safety and shared mental model, can help overcome barriers to learning from mistakes. Structural equation analyses on teams working in a sample of organizations in Shanghai, China, suggested that teams were able to learn from their mistakes to the extent that they took a problem solving orientation. This orientation in turn was based on developing cooperative but not competitive goals within the team. Although competitive and independent goals induce blaming, blaming itself was not significantly related to learning. Blaming, especially when conducted openly, may hold individual team members accountable as well as provoke defensiveness. Findings empirically link the theory of cooperation and competition with the organizational learning literature. Results suggest that cooperative goals and problem solving promote learning from mistakes.     

一种改进的物流配送车辆调度启发式算法

针对物流配送中的车辆调度问题,提出了一种改进的启发式算法。该算法基于sweep算法和用于解决旅行商问题(TSP)的Cheapest Insertion算法,是一种二阶段算法。这种启发式算法首先使用sweep算法将所有顾客分派给运输车辆,然后对每辆车按照TSP的解决方法解决该车上的TSP问题。本算法比较有效的解决了有时间窗的车辆调度问题,可以用来构造某些业启发式算法的初始解。     

The Surprising Duality of Jugaad: Low Firm Growth and High Inclusive Growth

Western theories on creativity emphasize the importance of access to resources and the generation of innovations as a source of sustainable competitive advantage for firms. However, perhaps the emphasis on slack resources and the firm as the level of analysis may be less appropriate for understanding the benefits of individual creative problem solving in resource-poor environments of the east; focusing solely on the firm is not sufficiently inclusive and may underestimate the benefits of creative problem solving under resource scarcity. Through an inductive interpretive case study of 12 problem solvers in the highly resource-poor environment of rural India, we identified the antecedents, dimensions and duality of outcomes for an Indian cultural source of creative problem solving called jugaad. Jugaad relies on assertive defiance, trial-and-error experiential learning and the recombination of available resources to improvise a frugal quick-fix solution. Our inductive framework provides new insights into the dual outcomes of creative problem solving from an eastern perspective; jugaad is unlikely to be a source of competitive advantage for firm growth but represents a source of enhanced wellbeing for inclusive growth.     

基于模拟退火算法的TSP问题研究

针对遗传算法求解TSP问题过程中出现的早熟现象,本文将模拟退火算法应用到TSP问题求解中,并进行了仿真实验。结果表明,该算法与遗传算法相比,可以更好地在全局范围内进行搜索。     

Donation dilemmas: A consumer behaviour perspective

With the aim of developing a better understanding of an individual's donation decision process this paper focuses on the information search undertaken by a prospective donor. It discusses the level of problem solving that characterises various donations, using the body of consumer decision-making literature to provide a theoretical framework for the investigation. From the results it appears that donor decision making follows a similar pattern to consumer buying decisions. There appears to be a low incidence of extended problem solving, even where relatively large donations are concerned. Examples of limited problem solving and routine response behaviour, by contrast, were more prevalent.