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1.
地方税收效率及公平性实证研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在现行经济及税收制度下,增值税和行为税收入比重提升会提高资本要素的产出效率;营业税和企业所得税比重的增加在提高资本要素产出效率的同时,却会降低劳动要素的产出效率;个人所得税和财产税比重提高有助于提升劳动要素的产出效率,而后者同时会降低资本产出效率;资源税类收入比重提高将会降低资本要素产出效率;流转税、所得税、行为税和财产税占税收收入比重的增加都会引起经济的总体产出的减少;我国地方税收收入具有显著的公平效应,其中所得税和财产税的公平效应相对更强,资源税及增值税也具有明显的公平收入分配的作用。  相似文献   

2.
Standard arguments for efficiency-based pricing policies break down once it is admitted that no lump-sum transfers and taxes are available. In this paper, it is argued that the appropriate solution is to equate the marginal welfare cost of redistributing income through pricing policies that deviate from marginal cost with the marginal cost of redistribution through the tax and welfare systems. For telecommunications pricing, this solution may be implemented by charging usage prices for long-distance services in excess of marginal cost and making corresponding reductions in fixed access charges. An illustrative example, based on data for Australia, is presented.  相似文献   

3.
Marginal valuation of water is complicated because water authorities in most countries do not equate prices across users. Standard analyses imply that unequal valuation of water by users is inefficient and that economic efficiency can be improved by equating prices after accounting for transportation costs. Such inefficiencies are usually explained by the influence of political interest groups. We suggest alternatively that motivations such as food self-sufficiency, ideological settlement objectives, equity, and long run considerations may take precedence over short-run economic efficiency in Israeli water markets. If so, new peace accords, water projects, and water price equalization appear to have important complementary effects when exploited in combination.  相似文献   

4.
统筹城乡发展中的效率与公平   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1  
文章考察了我国城乡关系发展三阶段中效率与公平状况的变迁,分析了计划体制下的城市偏向战略与效率公平的双重损失、市场化改革进程中城乡关系的调整,以及效率与公平的失衡等问题,探讨了在统筹城乡发展新阶段中如何兼顾效率与公平的对策措施;提出要继续推进城乡市场化改革,实现城乡要素市场的统一、协调发展,加大国家对农业、农村和农民转移支付的力度,逐步过渡到工业反哺农业、城市反哺农村的新阶段等政策建议。  相似文献   

5.
ABSTRACT

This study examines the association between firm’s tax avoidance activities and cost of equity capital across 17 countries. Consistent with the prior study based on the U.S. evidence, within strong investor protection countries, the extent of firm’s tax avoidance is negatively associated with its cost of equity capital. This result indicates that strong investor protection induces investors to perceive firm’s tax avoidance activities as the results of efficient tax planning to reduce tax liabilities. To the contrary, we find that the extent of firm’s tax avoidance is positively associated with its cost of equity capital within weak investor protection countries. This result suggests that investors impose equity risk premium on firm’s tax avoidance activities in weak investor protection countries, where agency conflicts prevail more on firm’s tax avoidance activities. As the first international study on the association between firm’s tax avoidance activities and its cost of equity capital, this study contributes to the literature by suggesting that such an association may vary across countries depending on the strength of investor protection within each country of domicile.  相似文献   

6.
税收征管效率是税务部门的征税以尽可能低的税务行政成本,取得尽可能多的税收收入,这就需要将征税的"产出"与"投入"结合起来综合考量,DEA分析方法正是进行相对效率研究的有效途径。本文在审慎选取输入指标和输出指标的基础上,利用湖北省国税系统的统计数据,通过DEA模型,得出税收征管效率的评价与改进,并给出相关政策建议。  相似文献   

7.
随着知识经济时代的到来,创新在企业经营中的地位越来越高,董事、监事及高管团队对企业创新战略的方向、组织和实施具有重要影响,研究他们对企业创新的影响变得必要和迫切。以2012-2017年沪深两市上市公司为研究对象,运用DEA-Tobit两阶段模型,分析企业技术董事比例和股权激励(分为高管股权激励和核心员工股权激励两个维度)对中国上市公司技术创新效率的影响。结果显示,公司技术董事的比例越大,上市公司技术创新效率越高;对核心员工的股权激励授予比例越高,上市公司技术创新效率越高;然而,高管股权激励授予比例与上市公司技术创新效率并无显著联系。  相似文献   

8.
随着知识经济时代的到来,创新在企业经营中的地位越来越高,董事、监事及高管团队对企业创新战略的方向、组织和实施具有重要影响,研究他们对企业创新的影响变得必要和迫切。以2012-2017年沪深两市上市公司为研究对象,运用DEA-Tobit两阶段模型,分析企业技术董事比例和股权激励(分为高管股权激励和核心员工股权激励两个维度)对中国上市公司技术创新效率的影响。结果显示,公司技术董事的比例越大,上市公司技术创新效率越高;对核心员工的股权激励授予比例越高,上市公司技术创新效率越高;然而,高管股权激励授予比例与上市公司技术创新效率并无显著联系。  相似文献   

9.
税收竞争、地区博弈及其增长绩效   总被引:60,自引:5,他引:60  
中国的财政分权改革激发了地方政府推进本地区经济发展的积极性,但不恰当的分权路径也加剧了地区间的税收竞争。本文运用空间滞后模型,对中国省际间的税收竞争与博弈行为进行检验。研究显示,省际间税收竞争反应函数斜率为负,这说明省际间在税收竞争中采取的是差异化竞争策略;同时也意味着地方政府目前对公共产品的偏好较低。而对省际间税收竞争增长绩效的格兰杰因果检验则显示,公共服务水平对地区经济增长率具有显著的促进作用,并且地方政府的征税努力与其财政充裕状况直接相关。为此,本文提出应加快地区基本公共服务的均等化和转移支付的法制化进程,努力打破数量型增长的政绩观,从制度层面营造地区间协调有序的竞争关系。  相似文献   

10.
货币政策、民营企业投资效率与公司期权价值   总被引:16,自引:3,他引:16  
本文首先考察了货币政策对民营企业融资约束和投资效率的影响。研究发现,宽松的货币政策减少了民营企业的融资约束,但对投资效率的影响则呈现非线性关系。本文进一步从实物期权的角度考察了货币政策对公司增长与清算期权价值的影响,结果表明:高盈利能力公司的增长期权价值在宽松货币政策时期更大,而低盈利能力公司的清算期权价值在紧缩货币政策时期更高。本文的研究结论有助于理解在不同的货币政策状态下,资本逐利这一经济规律的表现形式;同时,本文的经验证据还有助于从投资效率和公司价值的角度评价宏观经济政策对微观经济实体的影响,从而为决策部门制定恰当的经济政策、促进宏观经济体系的良好运转提供政策性建议。  相似文献   

11.
    
We study the optimal allocation of a resource in a second-best world in which parties may be liquidity-constrained due to credit frictions and capital market imperfections. In this setting, common to various natural resource industries, agents are unable to bid more than their budget regardless of their valuation. While auction markets are widely used mechanisms for allocating natural resource extraction rights and conservation contracts, we show that in these circumstances the competitive market –which allocates items based on rank order of bids– fails to achieve the first-best allocation. The market outcome is welfare-dominated by a hybrid mechanism consisting of random assignment followed by resale in a secondary market. Via the initial lottery, the hybrid-mechanism allocates the items with positive probability to high-valuation low-wealth individuals who would not have been able to afford them in a competitive market. High-valuation high-wealth agents, on the other hand, acquire the items in the secondary market if they do not receive them in the initial lottery. Therefore, equity in the allocation of access to the resource may be justified not only by distributional concerns but also by economic efficiency. We illustrate our model using data from buybacks of harvesting rights in the seafood industry.  相似文献   

12.
The 1981 reform of the Chilean pension system was revolutionary at its time. It was the first instance of a mature public Pay-As-You-Go social security system being converted into a mandatory defined contribution system managed by the private sector. This paper contends that a unique confluence of events were responsible for this change. The rise of a dictatorship in Chile, a struggling public retirement system, and a cadre of Chicago oriented economists determined to make Chile a model free market neoliberal economy. This was later followed by the Washington Consensus and the promotion of Chilean reform by the World Bank. This paper analyzes the Chilean reform and its subsequent development; evaluating it on both efficiency and equity grounds. While the evidence for efficiency gains is mixed there is little doubt that equity has suffered under the new system. Nevertheless, it continues to evolve and equity concerns are increasingly being addressed.  相似文献   

13.
This paper shows that insecurity of property rights over agricultural land can have large efficiency and equity costs because of the way it affects matching in the tenancy market. A principal-agent framework is used to model the landlord's decision to rent when he takes into account the risk of losing the land to the tenant and when contract enforcement is decreasing in social distance with the tenant. These effects are quantified for the case of local land rental markets in the Dominican Republic. Results show that insecure property rights lead to matching in the tenancy market along socio-economic lines, severely limiting the size of the rental market and the choice of tenants for landlords, both with efficiency costs. Social segmentation reduces access to land for the rural poor, with high equity costs. Simulations suggest that improving tenure security would increase rental transactions by 21% and the area rented to the poor by 63%. Increased property rights security is hence beneficial not only to asset owners, but also to those with whom they might interact in the market.  相似文献   

14.
基于2000-2017年《中国高技术产业统计年鉴》中29个省市面板数据,首先采用DEA Malmquist指数模型测算了中国高技术产业创新效率,在此基础上运用断点回归方法分析了税收优惠政策对我国高技术产业创新效率的影响。研究结果表明:①总体上以专利为产出指标的创新效率高于以新产品销售收入为产出指标的创新效率,并且以新产品销售收入为产出指标的创新效率处于较低水平,由此表明我国高科研投入与低实际产出的矛盾依然存在;②税收优惠政策对我国高技术产业创新效率有显著正向影响,税收优惠政策对技术研发阶段与科技转化阶段的影响效应不同;③税收优惠政策与企业规模、政府资助合理匹配可放大政策效果。  相似文献   

15.
本文结合国内外研究成果以及我国当前的市场环境,对可能成为控制权争夺目标的公司会具备什么样的财务特征、股权结构以及公司治理进行了分析,以寻找上市公司控制权争夺的真正动机和目的.我们研究发现:上市公司经营业绩越差,债务比率越高,当年具有增发或配股资格,产权的可转让性越低,产权性质为国有企业和终极控制人为国有企业或政府机构时,其控制权被争夺的可能性也越高.  相似文献   

16.
Consider a one-sector stochastic input–output model with infinite time horizon. The technology in each time period exhibits constant returns to scale on positive linear combinations of a finite number of basic input–output pairs. Furthermore, perfect information is available as a filtration generated by finite partitions of the state space. By definition, competitive prices require expected profit maximization in every time period. The Riesz representation of a sequence of competitive price functionals yields a state-price deflator with a supermartingale property. We show that there exists a competitive price system for some feasible program if and only if there is No Free Production (NFP). Furthermore, there exists a competitive price system for a particular program if and only if if NFP holds and the program is short-run efficient. This model includes a securities market model with or without convex cone trading constraints as a special case. Under these circumstances, NFP reduces to No Arbitrage and we recover a version of the fundamental theorem of asset pricing. The author expresses gratitude for the advice of two anonymous referees, one who pointed out the simple way to prove the key lemma and the other who helped integrate the conclusions into the existent literature.  相似文献   

17.
在混合所有制改革和创新驱动发展战略实施背景下,国有资本“举牌”民营企业对企业创新体系的作用机制亟待研究。基于2008-2018年上市家族企业数据,从创新投入和创新产出两个视角探讨国有股权参股对家族企业创新效率的影响,根据股东资源理论分析可能的影响路径。通过Heckman两阶段模型实证发现:国有股权参股显著促进家族企业创新投入和创新产出,并最终对创新效率产生积极影响,而获取政府补贴和提升创新管理能力是两条中介路径。该结论揭示了混合所有制改革在激发民营企业创新活力中所发挥的重要作用和影响机制,为家族企业提高创新效率提供了新方向。  相似文献   

18.
开征遗产税须消除的疑虑与制度设计   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
刘荣  刘植才 《现代财经》2008,28(1):10-15
当前围绕我国是否应开征遗产税的问题,存在着截然不同的观点.开征遗产税具有重要的社会经济意义,并且我国目前已具备开征基本条件.构建符合中国国情的遗产税制度应成为下一步税制改革的一项重要内容.  相似文献   

19.
确立财产税在地方税中的主体地位初探   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
刘荣 《现代财经》2005,25(12):19-23
探讨财产税作为地方税主体税种的理论及现实原因,分析我国现行财产税的缺陷,有利于建立与完善我国财产税体系。  相似文献   

20.
This paper analyzes efficient government reactions to unanticipated tax avoidance. Quickly reforming tax laws to reduce the effectiveness of new tax avoidance techniques prevents widespread adoption, but indirectly encourages the rapid development of new avoidance methods if prior users are permitted to retain their tax benefits. Tax reforms that immediately prevent new avoidance mean that innovators need not fear imitation by competitors, and cannot rely on copying the innovations of others. Such an activist reform agenda diverts greater resources into tax avoidance activity, and might thereby lead to a faster rate of tax base erosion, than would a less reactive government strategy. Efficient government policy therefore entails either the retroactive elimination of tax savings, with possible associated costs, or else a deliberate pace of tax reform in response to taxpayer innovation.  相似文献   

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