关于人力资本投资决策相关问题的思考

上世纪60年代兴起的人力资本投资研究取得了丰硕成果,为后续研究奠定了坚实的基础。但是,关于人力资本投资收益的计量方法、人力资本投资收益与成本计量范围等方面仍然存在需要深入钻研的问题。基于前人成果,本文提出了重新界定人力资本投资收益、完善人力资本投资成本内容、改进人力资本投资决策方法等方面的建议,以期为该领域的研究添砖加瓦。     

The invalidity of the Condorcet Jury Theorem under endogenous decisional skills

The current note clarifies that Condorcet Jury Theorem cannot be generalized to the extended setting where individual decisional skills are not assumed to be exogenous parameters even when these skills are homogeneous. This is true when skills are determined endogenously either by a central planner or, in a decentralized strategic setting, by the decision makers themselves.     

A note on the closed-form solution to the Lucas–Uzawa model with externality

Ruiz-Tamarit [2008. The closed-form solution for a family of four-dimension nonlinear MHDS. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control 32, 1000–1014] provides a closed-form solution to the two-sector model of endogenous growth with externalities. He assumes that the coefficient of the relative risk aversion is equal to the physical capital share, but this assumption is empirically and theoretically implausible. This note uses the result of Boucekkine and Ruiz-Tamarit [2008. Special functions for the study of economic dynamics: the case of the Lucas–Uzawa model. Journal of Mathematical Economics 44, 33–54] and derives a closed-form solution without setting the parametric assumption. The solution path is expressed in terms of the Gauss hypergeometric functions.     

A computational general equilibrium model with vintage capital

This paper presents a vintage capital model assuming putty–clay investment and perfect foresight. The model is written in discrete time and is simulated by using a second order relaxation algorithm. By computing the eigenvalues of the dynamic system, we have checked the conditions of existence and uniqueness of a solution (Blanchard and Kahn's conditions) and identified the echo effect that characterizes vintage capital models and the related dynamics of creation and destruction. By calibrating the model on French data, it has been proved useful to explain the medium-term movements in the distribution of income in France during the last three decades.     

Parental altruism, life expectancy and dynamically inefficient equilibria

This paper presents a continuous time overlapping-generation (OLG) model which generalizes the Blanchard–Buiter–Weil model and clarifies the relationships between dynastic altruism, the length of planning horizons, and dynamic inefficiency. Our main innovation relies on the introduction of parental altruism, whose intensity is variable. We first show that parental altruism and life expectancy do favor overaccumulation. Second, we give a condition that explains why the Ramsey model may only display dynamic efficiency. These theoretical results are illustrated by a parameterization from US data. Our numerical exercises suggest that the US economy is dynamically efficient, mainly because of the shortness of life expectancy.     

对我国人力资本价值补偿机制问题的探讨

人力资本价值能否得到合理的补偿,不仅直接影响着人力资本价值的实现程度,而且影响着新一轮的人力资本运动,即新的人力资本的形成和使用。我国人力资本价值补偿机制尚不健全,人力资本价值与收入分配之间并未呈现一定的正相关关系。劳动者地位虚化与人力资本产权缺损,是我国人力资本补偿机制不健全的根源所在;相应地确立人力资本收益权,则是对人力资本价值进行合理补偿的根本途径;而人力资本股权化,又是确立人力资本收益权的具体体现。人力资本股权化的对象主要是企业中处于关键技术岗位和重要管理岗位的人力资本所有者。与此同时,还要重视完善人力资本产权保护体系。     

企业专用性人力资本:源起、发展及展望

本文回顾了自20世纪五六十年代以来,国内外企业专用性人力资本的相关研究,对企业专用性人力资本的概念界定、形成及演变历程,其所带来的影响结果等内容进行了文献梳理和总结。研究发现:人力资本是否存在企业专用性仍然存在一定的争论,其概念的内涵和外延有待扩展;相关企业专用性人力资本对内部员工成长、绩效水平等的影响的研究结论存在差异;企业专用性人力资本在不同文化背景、行业和企业中的文化适用性也有待进一步的检验和研究。     

区域产业结构优化的人力资本战略需求研究

人力资本是区域经济增长决定性动因,而产业结构则反映区域资源配置与资源转换能力即财富创造能力的高低。在人力资本和产业结构优化的互动过程中,更需要从战略的角度提高人力资本水平,以推动区域经济协调增长,包括构建多元化的投资,增加人力资本投资存量;发展多元化教育模式,促进人力资本结构优化;优化人力资本配置结构,提高人力资本使用效率;缩小区域产业结构差距,建立地区间人力资本良性循环机制等。     

Production technologies in stochastic continuous time models

Properties of dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models can be revealed by either using numerical solutions or qualitative analysis. Very precise and intuition-building results are obtained by working with models which provide closed-form solutions. Closed-form solutions are known for a large class of models some of which, however, have some undesirable features such as potentially negative output. This paper offers closed-form solutions for models which are just as tractable but do not suffer from these shortcomings.     

Using dynamic programming with adaptive grid scheme for optimal control problems in economics

The study of the solutions of dynamic models with optimizing agents has often been limited by a lack of available analytical techniques to explicitly find the global solution paths. On the other hand, the application of numerical techniques such as dynamic programming to find the solution in interesting regions of the state was restricted by the use of fixed grid size techniques. Following Grüne (Numer. Math. 75 (3) (1997) 319; University of Bayreuth, submitted, 2003), in this paper an adaptive grid scheme is used for finding the global solutions of discrete time Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equations. Local error estimates are established and an adapting iteration for the discretization of the state space is developed. The advantage of the use of adaptive grid scheme is demonstrated by computing the solutions of one- and two-dimensional economic models which exhibit steep curvature, complicated dynamics due to multiple equilibria, thresholds (Skiba sets) separating domains of attraction and periodic solutions. We consider deterministic and stochastic model variants. The studied examples are from economic growth, investment theory, environmental and resource economics.     

试论人力资源与人力资本的判别标准

针对目前人力资本与人力资源混用较普遍的现象,从马克思对资本本质的认识及西方经济学家对资本本质的探讨出发,对人力资本和人力资源从本质上进行认识,提出以"人的体力和能力是否处于生产过程中"作为人力资源与人力资本的判别标准,并进一步强调人力资源培育及向人力资本转化的重要现实意义。     

基于绩效提升的人力资本投资策略探析

人力资本已成为企业绩效的利润杠杆,但不同类型的人力资本具有不同的特点,具有不同的投资价值,因此企业必须考虑不同的人力资本特点,采取适当的投资策略才能使企业获得更高的人力资本回报,实现可持续发展。     

为何中国“人力资本红利”释放受阻?——人力资本错配的视角

本文实证结果显示,人力资本错配使得大规模的研发投入并没有实现技术进步,导致产业动态比较优势演进迟滞以及经济稳定增长动力不足并存。然而,无论是相对于国内其他行业还是国外同类行业,中国事业型单位或行业、垄断性行业、非生产性行业都有着极高的人力资本强度,而市场化程度高的行业和部门,人力资本水平一般都低于其他国家。本文的政策含义为:在加快人力资本积累的同时,实现人力资本适宜匹配,最大限度释放人力资本红利,助推供给侧结构性改革,从而实现经济的平稳过渡和适度增长。     

人力资本投资行为异化研究

企业人力资本投资行为是企业可持续发展的战略性资源投资行为,是企业取得核心竞争力的关键因素。本文通过搜集和分析十大创新型企业的人力资本投资数据,描述我国企业人力资本投资行为的异化现状,并找出异化原因,提出解决方法,为理论界提供新的研究数据,也为实务界提供新的决策依据。