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1.
周念利 《数量经济技术经济研究》2007,24(12):117-126
随着目前欧元区财政经济状况的整体恶化,稳定与增长的矛盾凸显,欧盟《稳定与增长公约》框架下的财政约束条款再度引发诸多争议。基于价格水平的财政理论(FTPL)视角,本文试图论证为实现欧元区物价稳定和欧元汇率稳定的双重目的,欧盟《稳定与增长公约》框架下的财政约束有其必要性。 相似文献
2.
On the incentives to experiment in federations 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Conventional wisdom has it that policy innovation is better promoted in a federal rather than in a unitary system. Recent research, however, has provided theoretical evidence to the contrary: a multi-jurisdictional system is characterized—due to the existence of a horizontal information externality—by under-provision of policy innovation. This paper presents a simple model that introduces political competition for federal office and emphasizes that such competition plays an important role in shaping the incentives for experimentation. For, in this case, political actors use the innovative policies to signal ability to the electorate. This effect may offset the effect that arises from the incentive to free ride, and so a federal system may generate more innovation than a unitary one. 相似文献
3.
周波 《数量经济技术经济研究》2012,(2):84-99
本文构建了内生捕捉我国财政政策体制变化的财政规则,并对产出缺口稳定动机和债务稳定动机反应进行了分析。基于马尔科夫转换财政政策反馈规则的实证估计表明,不同体制下,财政赤字与政府债务和产出缺口之间存在不同的政策反应关系;与基于不变参数识别的规则相比,体制转换财政规则能更好地追踪我国财政赤字的时间序列行为。这意味着,假定财政政策体制总是固定的货币政策规则研究以及基于不变财政体制框架VAR度量财政政策冲击高频率效应的实证研究都应慎重。 相似文献
4.
当前中国民营经济正处于转型发展期,分析影响中国民营经济发展的因素显得尤为重要。本文运用向量误差修正模型实证研究了财政金融政策与中国民营经济发展的关系。结果显示,财政政策、金融政策都会正向长期地促进中国民营经济发展,金融政策对中国民营经济发展的影响效应明显比财政政策大,且财政金融政策均为中国民营经济发展的单向因果原因。在此基础上,提出了促进中国民营经济转型发展的相关财政金融政策建议。 相似文献
5.
Are Italy’s primary-surplus policies compatible with the sustainability of government debt? We address the question by examining historical budget data in post-unification Italy, from 1861 to 2016. Controlling for temporary output, temporary spending and world war-time periods in assessing whether primary surpluses significantly reacted to changes in debt, we find the following results: (i) the hypothesis of nonlinearity in the surplus-debt relationship significantly outperforms the hypothesis of linearity; (ii) there exists a threshold level in the debt-GDP ratio, approximately equal to 105 percent, above which Italian fiscal policy makers are concerned with corrective actions to avoid insolvency; (iii) the robustly positive reaction of primary surpluses to debt beyond the trigger point ensures fiscal sustainability. 相似文献
6.
We summarize the literature that uses the vector error-correction model approach to analyze the dynamics of the municipal fiscal adjustment. The international comparison between samples collected from entire countries and specific regions reveals interesting similarities, but also remarkable differences. The main similarities are the fulfillment of the intertemporal budget constraint, the volatility of the budgetary components, and the importance of the intergovernmental transfers as an adjustment instrument. The most remarkable difference is the preponderant role of the own revenues in the USA, probably reflecting the larger fiscal autonomy of US municipalities. In most cases, the large municipalities seem to be more dependent on grants than their small counterparts, although this pattern is broken in Japan. Finally, partial evidence supporting the existence of moral hazard problems and the flypaper effect is provided. 相似文献
7.
文章通过分析青海省中小企业在发展中面临的外部问题,提出了加强地方财政政策对中小企业支持力度的相关建议。 相似文献
8.
研究目标:分析不同资本账户开放程度下的中国财政货币政策效果及福利效应。研究方法:将内生化的政府支出(税收)政策以及包含汇率的价格(数量)型为主的混合货币政策一并纳入一个小型开放的DSGE模型。研究发现:随着资本账户的逐步放开,财政政策方面,减税政策刺激经济增长和促进就业的效果越来越好,政府支出政策刺激经济增长和促进就业的效果越来越差;货币政策方面,国内货币政策的调控效果及利率上升的跨期替代效应减弱。从社会福利损失的角度分析表明:无论是与内生化的政府支出(税收)政策组合还是与财政赤字政策组合,价格型为主的混合货币政策始终优于数量型为主的混合货币政策。研究创新:考察在高、中和低三种资本账户开放背景下中国不同财政货币政策组合的相互作用和经济效应。研究价值:为资本账户放开过程中合理地使用财政货币政策组合提供理论参考。 相似文献
9.
自2009年以来,欧洲国家的主权债务问题一直被全球资本市场所关注,以PIIGS五国(希腊、西班牙、葡萄牙、爱尔兰、意大利)为代表的南欧多个国家的债务问题浮出水面,不仅引发了全球金融市场的剧烈波动,同时危及到整个欧元区乃至全球经济的稳定。本篇文章深入分析了欧洲主权债务危机的形成根源及影响,并揭示债务危机对各国的警示意义 相似文献
10.
我国货币财政政策存在区域效应的实证分析 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
张晶 《数量经济技术经济研究》2006,23(8):39-46
货币财政政策是现代国家干预经济的两个最重要的宏观调控政策,关于它们的研究文献数不胜数,但是长期以来一直没有对两政策实施后的区域效应给予足够的重视。本文结合目前我国东中西三大经济地带的经济发展已经存在明显差距的现实,通过两地区的简约化模型对1978-2004年间我国货币政策与财政政策在东部和中西部两个样本地区的作用进行了实证分析,结果表明,我国货币财政政策确实存在区域不对称效应,特别是货币政策,具有明显的区域影响差异。 相似文献
11.
研究目标:财政政策对产业结构优化的时变性影响。研究方法:构建带有随机波动率的时变参数因子扩展向量自回归模型,进而通过三维脉冲响应展开时变性分析。研究发现:财政政策对产业结构优化确实产生了时变效应,在经济衰退时期,应该增加财政支出、提高投资性支出占比,结合小幅度减税、提高营业税和消费税占比;在经济平稳时期,应该减少税收、提高营业税占比、降低增值税占比,结合小幅度增加财政支出、提高投资性支出占比、降低一般公共服务支出占比;在经济高涨时期,应该增加财政支出、提高科技支出和投资性支出占比,结合小幅度减税、提高所得税占比、降低营业税占比。研究创新:应用时变参数计量模型研究了财政政策对产业结构优化的时变效应。研究价值:有助于重新认识财政政策与产业结构优化的关系。 相似文献
12.
中国的总供给-总需求模型:财政和货币政策分析框架 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文构建了一个具有中国特色的总供给-总需求模型,并利用季度数据对此进行了估计和检验。研究表明,这种具有凯恩斯特点的宏观经济模型能在一定程度上解释中国经济的波动。与此同时,我们对模型的动态稳定性进行了一定程度的数理分析,从而揭示了两大宏观经济政策——财政政策和货币政策对稳定经济的作用。 相似文献
13.
本文在传统凯恩斯模型和新古典总供需模型的基础上构建了一个可计量的财政政策利率效应分析模型,并利用2LS方法对模型进行了估计,得出几点结论:一是我国财政政策对真实利率的影响在统计上并不显著;二是财政政策与真实利率之间无关性的估计结果并没有受财政赤字弥补方式和经济运行机制变化的影响;三是相对于财政政策,我国货币政策对真实利率的影响更显著,货币政策的相机变化通过利率机制对财政政策的有效性产生了一定的抵消作用,但程度有限。上述结论意味着,我国财政政策通过利率机制对私人部门投资需求产生的挤出效应是相当有限的。 相似文献
14.
We compute time-varying responses of the sovereign debt ratio to primary budget balances for 13 advanced economies between 1980 and 2012, and assess how fiscal sustainability reacts to different characteristics of government debt. We find that the sustainability time-varying coefficient increases and countries become more fiscally sustainable if they contract a higher share of long-term public debt, if more debt is held by the central bank or if it is easily marketable in capital markets. 相似文献
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16.
We assess the cyclicality of fiscal policy in the 19 Euro area countries, notably during recessions, for the period 1995–2020. We use a time-varying measure of fiscal cyclicality to describe fiscal policy developments. The results suggest that during recessions discretionary fiscal policy becomes more pro-cyclical, but the overall budget balance becomes more counter-cyclical. Hence, pursuing a Ricardian fiscal regime by more indebted countries leads to higher counter-cyclicality of fiscal policy. Government size reduces counter-cyclicality, as well as trade openness, and financial development has a positive impact on counter-cyclicality. 相似文献
17.
稳定性财政政策有效性的边界条件:一个理论框架 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
李永友 《数量经济技术经济研究》2006,23(4):30-41
本文利用传统的IS—LM模型对开放经济下稳定性财政政策有效性的边界条件进行了分析,得出稳定性财政政策有效性的三个必要条件,一是利率上升的收入效应必须小于其替代效应,这是保证IS曲线斜率为负的必要条件;二是货币供给的利率弹性高于私人部门货币需求的利率敏感性,这是保证LM曲线斜率为正的必要条件;三是财政政策对私人部门需求的挤出效应要小于财政政策力度,这是保证财政政策对总需求的净效应大于零的必要条件。只要满足这三个条件,稳定性财政政策总是有效的,其有效程度取决于乘数的规模和政策力度净强度。 相似文献
18.
财政政策、货币政策调控与宏观经济稳定——基于新凯恩斯主义垄断竞争模型的分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
王彬 《数量经济技术经济研究》2010,(11)
本文基于包含金融加速器的新凯恩斯主义垄断竞争框架,研究了财政政策和货币政策冲击对我国宏观经济的影响。实证结果表明,财政政策能够解释部分就业、消费和资本存量波动;货币政策冲击则能够解释大部分通货膨胀、就业波动,以及部分产出、消费和投资波动。总体上,模型能够较好地刻画中国宏观经济波动特征。本文认为今后一段时期内,应当将财政政策更多转向民生领域和基础设施建设,重视货币政策调控,从而更有效地调控宏观经济运行。 相似文献
19.
We present a model of agents facing the uncertainty of two future forms of government who are able to insure against this uncertainty by hiding funds from taxation. In order to choose whether or not to hide funds from taxation, agents need to know policy choices that each government would make should it come to power. But each government, before it could make its decision, would need to know the choices of the agents who would, for example, produce tax revenues. This informational tension is resolved endogenously. We derive the resulting level of tax evasion in society and the optimal choices made by the potential governments. We examine how changes in governmental structure would affect the level of tax evasion, and how that, in turn, would affect a particular form of capital flight. 相似文献
20.
In connection with the prospective euro adoption by the new EU members, the issue of how strictly to enforce the Maastricht criteria for joining the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) has been discussed for some time. Arguments have been made in favor of a more flexible interpretation of some Maastricht criteria to take into account the specific conditions of the new member states (NMS). This paper makes a case for a more flexible interpretation of the Maastricht inflation criterion and proposes a different specification. Further, it examines the compatibility of inflation and exchange rate Maastricht targets and argues that under the specific circumstances of euro adoption, and taking into account the way these targets are defined, meeting both of them during a limited period of time should not pose a problem. Finally, the paper argues that both for short-term cyclical and long-term sustainability reasons, the NMS may aim at somewhat more ambitious fiscal targets before euro adoption than required by the Maastricht fiscal criteria. 相似文献