家庭部门信贷与经济增长关系研究——基于对转型国家的实证分析

本文利用28个转型国家1999～2009年的数据,对企业和家庭信贷结构与经济增长之间的关系进行实证检验,并进一步对家庭信贷影响经济增长的机制进行分析。研究表明,与企业信贷对经济增长有促进作用不同,这些转型国家家庭信贷的扩张对经济增长有负的影响作用。家庭信贷主要通过经常项目对宏观经济产生影响。     

Quantity of finance and financial crisis: A non-monotonic investigation☆

Whether finance is beneficial to economic development remains ambiguous. There are studies arguing that finance can facilitate growth and increase stability. However, the recent global financial crisis has led some to argue that finance can decrease stability and lead to more crises. This paper constructs a non-monotonic framework of quantity of finance (measured by leverage) and financial crisis and decomposes leverage into fundamental and excess components. Using cross-country level data, the empirical results confirms that it is excess leverage, rather than fundamental leverage, that results in the increase of probability of financial crisis. Further empirical results show that excess leverage leads to a higher probability of currency crisis, asset price collapse, and banking crisis, while fundamental leverage helps alleviates the crises. This paper reconciles the two contrasting views of the relationship between finance and economic development and provides strong policy implication to pay special attention to the sudden increase of leverage, which is probably excessive, rather than fundamental leverage.     

上市公司的信用行为及其市场反应

以1993—2012年在上海证券交易所和深圳证券交易所主板市场交易的所有非金融企业为样本,对公司的信用行为及其市场反应进行实证研究。结果发现:公司信用行为深受宏观经济政策的影响;商业信用的供给和需求与短期银行信用、长期银行信用显著负相关;商业信用需求与商业信用供给显著正相关;公司价值与商业信用供给显著正相关,与商业信用需求显著负相关,与短期银行信用需求和长期银行信用需求显著负相关;此外,宏观经济周期、企业的经济性质、公司规模、资本结构、成长性等因素对公司的信用行为和公司价值具有显著影响。     

城市房屋征收中公共权力的配置与控制——以权力为视角评《国有土地上房屋征收与补偿条例》

《国有土地上房屋征收与补偿条例》（以下简称《征收条例》）历经两次公开征求意见在社会公众翘首盼望中得以颁行,在我国法治建设和私权保护方面具有里程碑意义。与《城市房屋拆迁管理条例》（以下简称《拆迁条例》）相比,《征收条例》对城市房屋征收中公共权力的配置模式进行了全面调整,以征收权的行使为中心重新构建了一套权力分立、制约和控...     

A model of the topology of the bank – firm credit network and its role as channel of contagion

This paper proposes a stochastic model of a bipartite credit network between banks and the non-bank corporate sector that encapsulates basic stylized facts found in comprehensive data sets for bank-firm loans for a number of countries. When performing computational experiments with this model, we find that it shows a pronounced non-linear behavior under shocks: the default of a single unit will mostly have practically no knock-on effects, but might lead to an almost full-scale collapse of the entire system in a certain number of cases. The dependency of the overall outcome on firm characteristics like size or number of loans seems fuzzy. Distinguishing between contagion due to interbank credit and due to joint exposures to counterparty risk via loans to firms, the later channel appears more important for contagious spread of defaults.     

后危机背景环境下的中国会展经济

本文基于后经济危机的影响,分析了中国会展经济呈现出的鲜明特征。文章剖析了2009年中国会展经济发展概况,并对中国会展经济发展问题予以解析,最后预测了明年这一经济形态的发展趋势。     

The accuracy of IMF crises nowcasts

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) provides loans to countries in economic crises as a lender of last resort. IMF loan approvals are tied to policy reforms and quantitative targets that reflect the IMF’s crisis assessment. An extensive literature scrutinizes the efficacy of IMF loan programs, instead, we examine the accuracy of the IMF’s crisis assessments (nowcasts) that predicate program designs. Analyzing an unprecedented 602 IMF loan programs from 1992 to 2019, we contradict previous findings that IMF nowcasts are generally optimistic. Disentangling the structure of the IMF’s nowcast bias, we find the IMF systematically overestimates high-growth recoveries GDPs, while low-growth recoveries for low-income countries (LICs) are underestimated. In contrast, non-LICs’ nowcasts exhibit no statistically significant optimistic and pessimistic bias. Interestingly, shorter nowcast horizons do not improve accuracy, and GDP growth nowcasts improved substantially since 2013, while inflation nowcasts remain inefficient. We also isolate the sources of IMF nowcast inefficiencies according to ((i) program objectives, ((ii) program conditionality type, ((iii) geographic regions, ((iv) global crises, and ((v) geopolitics (elections, conflicts, and disasters).     

Financial Markets, Development and Economic Growth: Tales of Informational Asymmetries

Abstract.  The development of financial systems is very often characterised by the development of innovative financial contracts which allow a more efficient allocation of resources and a higher level of capital productivity and economic growth. By exploiting the microeconomic theory of the optimal financial contract under asymmetric information, economists have recently managed to shed new light on the well studied issue of the relationship between financial market development and economic growth. This paper reviews the most recent progress of this literature which shows that the amount of information asymmetry in the credit market and the degree of heterogeneity between borrowers (typically firms) and lenders (typically workers or savers) determine the nature of the financial system. Differences in endowments and in the level of information distribution can give rise to very different financial contracts which affect, and in turn are affected, by capital accumulation and growth.     

银行体系效率与中国地区经济增长:基于微观银行效率的实证分析

本文利用我国各省市、自治区的数据,从地区单个银行的成本效率出发,构建了一个反映地区银行体系信贷配置效率的指标,然后将其纳入增长方程式进行回归,从而分析了地区银行体系效率与我国地区经济增长之间的关系。本文假定银行体系的效率能在较大程度上刻画银行系统在甄别借款人、促进资本的最优配置方面的作用,因而本文的研究实际上检验了我国银行体系优化信贷配置能力的变化对经济增长的影响。最后的结论是,我国的银行体系在经济增长中不仅具有资本积累效应,而且具有信贷配置效应。     

BEHAVIOURAL COMPLEXITY

Abstract The paper compares and contrasts complexity economics and neoclassical economics. It proposes a framework for modelling complex systems and, accordingly, utilizes agent‐based simulation to examine consumption behaviour in a complex model and in a neoclassical model. Results suggest that complex behaviour leads to higher accumulation of wealth, better efficiency and greater stability. These results are consistent with the nature of complex systems whereby ‘the whole is greater than the sum’, and where unexpected system properties emerge from simple local interactions.     

CREDIT DEFAULT SWAPS: HAS THE GFC INFLUENCED PERCEPTIONS OF THEIR UTILITY FOR BANKS?

Credit Default Swaps (CDSs) are considered as one of the most versatile financial innovations of the 21^st century. Since its inception, the credit derivatives market has grown to a peak of $64 trillion in 2008 in terms of gross notional values (Cont, 2010 ). However, after the onset of the GFC, this market has decreased to a large extent. While there is evidence that promotes the risk reduction properties of CDSs, there is a growing body of research post GFC that identifies destabilising effects of these instruments. In this paper, I review the relevant scholarly literature and provide evidence of how the views on CDSs have changed post GFC due a deeper investigation of issues such as systemic risk, regulatory arbitrage, information asymmetry and risk‐taking, among others, in the banking industry. This paper provides a survey of the literature of views ‘for’ and ‘against’ the use of CDSs during pre and post GFC periods and finally concludes that in comparison to the pre GFC period, post GFC there is a significant increase in the literature that highlights the detrimental nature of CDSs.