中国市场经济背景下诚信纳税的伦理问题浅析

在我国市场经济背景下，诚信是税收的保障，诚信纳税问题也越来越被人们所关注。历史因素的积淀，对我国税收征纳双方的行为产生了一定的影响，也影响了人们对税收的认识，并呈现出诚信纳税的伦理问题。针对诚信纳税伦理问题的研究，对规范税收征纳主体行为和实现诚信纳税提供对策和依据。     

更新诚信服务理念创造诚信纳税环境

"依法诚信纳税,共建小康社会"是第12个全国税收宣传月的主题,依法诚信纳税从法律和道德两个方面来规范、约束税务机关和纳税人的涉税行为.提倡诚信纳税,税务机关和税务工作人员首先要求自己做到带头纳税和诚信对待纳税人."打铁先要自身硬"、"正人先正己"、"己所不欲勿施于人"讲的都是这个道理.<税收征管法>及其实施细则将纳税服务提升为税收行政行为的重要组成部分.崇尚诚信,强化服务,彻底转变税收征管理念,从单纯强调纳税人的义务,服从管理向重视纳税人的权益,加强为纳税人诚信服务转变,广泛宣传诚信纳税观念,将以往精神文明领域的工作纳入行政执法的范畴.     

依法诚信纳税共建和谐社会

今年4月是全国连续开展的第16个税收宣传月,主题是:"依法诚信纳税,共建和谐社会". 为在深圳特区大力营造依法诚信纳税的社会氛围,我们将进一步拓宽思路,积极采取多种形式,面向全社会开展多种形式税法宣传活动,以增强深圳广大纳税人依法诚信纳税意识,为构建和谐社会营造良好的税收环境.     

税收遵从视角下的纳税服务优化路径

文章在分析税收遵从理论的基础上,探讨了优化纳税服务的有效路径,通过引导纳税遵从,提高纳税人的税收遵从度,营造一个依法诚信纳税的良好环境。     

让税法与您同行——深圳市地方税务局税收宣传月活动掠影

四月的深圳，花团锦簇，万木葱郁，一派勃勃生机。在这春意盎然的季节里，我们迎来了全国第16个税收宣传月。 今年全国税收宣传月的主题是“依法诚信纳税，共建和谐社会”。根据这一主题，为在深圳大力营造依法诚信纳税的社会氛围，深圳市地税部门以群众喜闻乐见的形式，在全市开展了一系列丰富多彩的税收宣传月活动。为此，今天本版特刊出深圳地税部门一组税收宣传月活动掠影，敬请关注。     

关于促进诚信纳税的政策建议

我国公民纳税意识的淡薄一直困扰着征收机关，虽然近年来诚信纳税状况有所改善，但与发达国家相比仍有较大差距。本文试从税收契约理论、税收价格理论出发，探讨诚信纳税的理论依据，通过分析制约纳税人意识的各种因素，提出改善我国公民纳税意识的政策建议。     

纳税诚信体系建设中的税收情报功能及运用

税收情报是提高税务机关税务检查效率的重要手段,可以使税务机关以较低的税务检查成本获得比较高的税务检查效果,对促进纳税诚信体系建设具有重要的作用。该文所指的税收情报是相对狭义的概念,通过对税收情报工作进行博弈分析和案例研究,阐明税收情报是促进我国纳税诚信体系建设的有效手段,并对这项工作存在的不足进行了归纳。     

从委托代理关系看我国纳税人激励机制优化

在税收管理中税务机关与纳税人之间存在委托代理问题,为更好地解决这个问题,在税收管理制度设计中应更多体现对纳税人的税收激励,建立起纳税人激励机制,促进诚信纳税人依法纳税以及促进不诚信的纳税主动坦白改过自新。     

诚信——新型社会经济生活的准入证

依法诫信纳税与全面建设小康社会的目标息息相关,依法诚信纳税是全面建设小康社会的重要保障,是公民道德建设的重要内容之一。诚信纳税,不仅有利于保证政府的财政收入,增加社会的整体利益,而且有利于提高纳税人的信誉,规范市场经济的秩序,扩大国内与国际的经济、贸易往来。因此,应大力推进诚信纳税,切实把税收征纳行为建立在诚信的基础上。     

政府信用与公民纳税意识--浙江高校学生问卷调查

我国公民纳税意识长期以来是较低的。随着社会主义市场经济模式的确立,政府作为公共部门提供公共物品必须借助税收手段筹资,“依法诚信纳税,共建小康社会”的实现必然需要开展税收合理性教育以提高公民纳税意识。     

Market structure and casino taxation in tourist resorts

This article examines the association of tax effects with market structure for casino gaming. We show that if market structure is uncompetitive, much of casino taxation falls on tourists whose demand is inelastic relative to supply. The tax is likely to be efficient under strong external demand if imposed on oligopoly casinos with a monopoly location in a cross-border market. The likelihood of economically ‘good’ taxation is greater under oligopoly than under competition but lower than under monopoly. Casino taxes should be lowered in a more competitive market with weaker external demand. Our prediction is consistent with the evidence found from casino tourism development in Macao with ‘high’ gambling taxes.     

Optimal taxation in a monetary economy with financial intrmediaries

The problem of optimal taxation when the government must levy distorting taxes to meet its revenue needs is considered for a monetary economy with financial intermediaries. In contrast to most other studies of optimal taxation in a monetary economy, money is treated as an intermediate good which is held because doing so economizes on the scarce resources that must be devoted to the exchange process. Attention is focused on the roles of the inflation tax, reserve requirements, and deposit taxes. The key result is that revenue considerations do not justify taxing cash and deposits. That is, the optimal tax structure calls for adopting the optimum quantity of money rule and setting deposit taxes to zero. When the optimal tax structure is in place, reserve requirements turn out to be irrelevant from both the fiscal and welfare perspectives.     

Subsidies versus Public Provision of Private Goods as Instruments for Redistribution

The literatures on differential commodity taxes and on quantity controls to supplement income taxation have developed separately. This paper combines these two strands in the standard framework of optimal non-linear income taxation. We use a model with two types of households where the government has access to both subsidy policy and public provision of a good substitutable for leisure, and ouseholds can supplement the publicity provided good from the market. We present conditions under which policy should involve one or both of these two instruments alongside income taxation. The model is extended to many ability types.     

关于征收住宅保障税的思考

中国现有的房地产税收体制存在着重复征税、重流通轻保有等一系列问题。要解决房地产的深层次的问题,必须重构房地产税收体制。房地产税收体制的重构,要紧扣房产作为生活必需品这一个基本核心,对原有的纷繁复杂的税费进行清理,以建立货币化的多层次住宅保障体系为中心,以开征住宅保障税为核心,通过引入＂负住宅保障税制度＂,建立以保障人民居住为目的的房地产税收体制。在住宅保障税开征后,家庭持有多套房屋的成本极高,这将抑制住宅的投资与投机行为。     

On Optimal Commodity Taxes When Consumption Is Time Consuming

This paper studies the problem of optimal taxation of commodities when consumption is a time‐consuming activity. This is done under two distinct preference separability assumptions: between goods and labor supply, and between goods and leisure. It argues that with the labor separability, the traditional uniform taxation results of optimal tax theory continue to hold. With leisure separability, on the other hand, consumption time is a major ingredient of optimal tax rates. However, the relationship between consumption time and optimal tax rates depends crucially on the representation of the economy. In representative consumer economies, time differences determine the pattern of optimal tax rates so that goods whose consumption take more time are subjected to higher tax rates. When individuals have different earning abilities, redistributive, incentive, and efficiency considerations also come into play resulting in a complex relationship. The paper derives formulas for optimal commodity taxes in this case on the basis of three different tax structures: linear commodity taxes in combination with linear and nonlinear income taxes, and nonlinear commodity taxes in combination with nonlinear income taxes.     

The complex attitudes to alcohol taxation

Alcoholic beverages are taxed at very different rates across the EU, which implies extensive cross-border shopping. Therefore, there is an ongoing debate about harmonization of alcohol taxes among countries. Sweden, with a tradition of high alcohol taxes due to public health arguments, has the highest excise duties on spirits in the EU. But, because of this, the occurrence and possible problems caused by cross-border shopping are also extensive. Using a questionnaire survey I analyse the Swedes’ attitudes to alcohol taxation and find that these two sides of the coin are important determinants. Many respondents want to decrease the alcohol tax, while some even want to increase it. Those most positive to alcohol taxation are those who regard increased alcohol consumption as a worrying problem and those living in areas where many adults are treated for alcohol-related diseases. However, the ordered-probit analysis also shows that those who support the EU membership are more supportive of reduced taxation to harmonize the Swedish tax with those in other EU countries. Those who live in regions where privately imported alcohol is substantial are also more reluctant to alcohol taxation.     

Progressive taxation in sequential decisionmaking: Deterministic and stochastic analysis

This paper investigates the effect of progressive taxation on sequential decisionmaking. The decision is the archetypical problem of capital theory: determining the optimal cutting time for a tree that grows according to either a deterministic or stochastic process. For the deterministic model, the optimal cutting time is unaffected by proportional taxes, but decreases as taxes become more progressive. For the stochastic model, the major finding is that uncertainty can partially offset the inefficiency induced by progressive taxation; when this result holds the government benefits from increased uncertainty whereas the taxpayer is harmed. One noteworthy example of this is when the tree's growth is governed by Brownian motion.     

促进区域经济协调发展的税收对策

我国区域经济差距过大的税收政策存在税率相同而实际税负不一,税种设计、税收政策不合理,应利用税收政策刺激企业投资,实行差别税率,调整主要税种和完善税收优惠政策。     

Fiscal Constitutions

In this paper we examine how taxes, subsidies and the design of constitutional agendas should be regulated in order to allow for an efficient allocation of public goods and a limitation of tax distortions. We show that if public goods are socially desirable, the simple majority rule, combined with taxation constrained to majority winners or a ban on subsidies, can achieve several desirable objectives. Equal treatment regarding taxes and subsidies is undesirable. Super majority rules and equal treatment of all citizens with respect to taxes and subsidies, however, are first-best provided public goods are socially undesirable. Finally, we suggest that constitutions with amendments eliminate excessive taxation and allow treatment rules to universally improve welfare.     

Rational choice and the taxation of sin

The traditional literature on sumptuary taxation indicates that these taxes are the results of a majority of individuals imposing their moral code upon consumers of goods that are thought to be undesirable. Undoubtedly, this explanation is not trivial, and accounts for the existence of some of the present sumptuary taxes. This paper has developed a choice model of sumptuary taxes based on a wealth-maximization assumption that illustrates the possibility that an individual could approve of an excise tax on a good that he consumes.