Drug testing in the workplace: An overview of legal and philosophical issues

This article examines a range of legal and philosophical issues related to the drug-testing debate. The discussion of legal issues includes potential litigation on constitutional grounds (for public employees), statutory and tort grounds, or on the basis of civil rights legislation. Arbitration standards are also examined for situations involving unionized employees. The article further highlights pragmatic issues including the accuracy and costs (economic and noneconomic) of drug tests as well as the distinction between a positive drug test and impaired performance. Finally, the article addresses the delicate balance between an employer's right to unimpaired performance and an employee's right to privacy.     

对于高校教考分离考试模式的探讨

本文通过对传统的"教考合一"和新型的"教考分离"考试模式的比较,列举了几点教考分离制度的优越性,并初步探讨了实施这一考试模式的运行机制。     

压力容器检验中渗透检测的选择

随着科学技术的进步,渗透检测的应用越来越广泛,成为一种不可或缺的检测技术。渗透检测同其他无损检测方法一样,也是在不损坏被检对象的使用性能的前提下,以物理、化学、材料科学及工程学理论为基础,对各种工程材料、零部件和产品进行有效的检验,借以评价它们的完整性、连续性及安全可靠性。     

某商住楼火灾后结构受损检测鉴定与加固设计施工

对某高层建筑火灾后的现场调查内容和检测方法、结果进行介绍,通过分析检测结果,综合评定了结构的受损情况,并制定了结构修复加固设计方案。     

对高等数学课教考分离的研究

教考分离是提高教学质量的重要举措,这是毋庸置疑的。但在具体执行过程中,也会出现这样或那样的问题,本文通过"序、教、学、考、评、议"六个方面来研讨这些问题,想必有助于今后的教考分离工作。     

浅谈食品检测实验室尚需关注的问题

食品检测实验室是从事食品检测工作而建立的,它为保障食品安全和质量、保障人民的身体健康、促进我国食品工业的发展起到了积极的作用。同时,为政府有效地控制食品生产和流通领域提供了证据。为了提高食品检测实验室的能力和水平,基于在日常食品检测实验室的评审过程中发现的问题,提出一些建议。     

浅议高校公共基础课程考试制度

近年来,教考分离制度作为高校考试工作改革,得到广泛实施。本文分析卷面考试两种制度的优势,阐述了教考分离制度更有利于实现高校考试功能,也指出弊端和实施注意点,对当前教考分离工作的实施具有一定的借鉴作用。     

The Use of Mixed Methods Models and Designs in the Human Sciences: Problems and Prospects

The article explores some of the emerging issues in the newly developing area of Mixed Methods (MM) research. Two of these issues concern the possibility of whether MM can provide for both “diverse” and “severe” testing. Based on a model of Placeholder Effects and utilizing an example of current empirical research, it is concluded that certain varieties of MM are potentially more robust than others in fulfilling the diverse and severe criteria. It is also argued that MM must concern itself with formulating “procedural rules” which guide the researcher in choosing and applying appropriate strategies for specific research problems.     

The evolution of honesty tests and means for their evaluation

Issues have been raised regarding means of honesty testing of employees. It seems probable that paper-and-pencil testing will be the most widely used method. This technique, though, must be improved before it will be more widely accepted. Scoring must be reevaluated, validation standards must be further refined, additional research is needed regarding the accuracy of the tests, and future legal challenges probably will have to be met with respect to such testing relative to privacy, discrimination, and union busting.     

Don't “just say no” to drug testing in the workplace: Some recommendations for developing and implementing policy

The widespread use of contraband substances by organizational members continues to present policy makers with a plethora of legal, moral, and economic issues to contend with when designing and implementing a comprehensive substance abuse policy. This article addresses methods of drug testing and their relative advantages and limitations, the legal ramifications of policy decisions, including union and nonunion concerns, and the costs and benefits associated with drug testing and screening. General guidelines for the design and implementation of a substance abuse policy are offered, and it is suggested that organizations should not summarily dismiss drug testing as a vehicle for the control and elimination of contraband substances and their use in the workplace.     

Extreme Value Theory and Statistics of Univariate Extremes: A Review

Statistical issues arising in modelling univariate extremes of a random sample have been successfully used in the most diverse fields, such as biometrics, finance, insurance and risk theory. Statistics of univariate extremes (SUE), the subject to be dealt with in this review paper, has recently faced a huge development, partially because rare events can have catastrophic consequences for human activities, through their impact on the natural and constructed environments. In the last decades, there has been a shift from the area of parametric SUE, based on probabilistic asymptotic results in extreme value theory, towards semi‐parametric approaches. After a brief reference to Gumbel's block methodology and more recent improvements in the parametric framework, we present an overview of the developments on the estimation of parameters of extreme events and on the testing of extreme value conditions under a semi‐parametric framework. We further discuss a few challenging topics in the area of SUE. © 2014 The Authors. International Statistical Review © 2014 International Statistical Institute     

农村供水环境水质效应问题分析

随着经济社会的持续快速发展,农村集中式供水工程迎来了前所未有的重大发展机遇,如何根据水质卫生监测结果,强化水质卫生质量,成为农村集中式供水工程实践中的焦点课题之一.在供水工程建设中,水质检测占据重要地位,但农村地区供水工程水质检测相对薄弱,应加强对农村供水工程水质检测模式的研究.文章简述了当前农村安全饮水存在的问题,浅...     

论机械设备的检测与误差原因

机械设备检测是对机械零件中包括长度、角度、粗糙度、几何形状和相互位置等尺寸的测量。机械零件的检测极为重要,它是把握产品质量的关键环节,检测人员必须在充分准备的基础上按照程序进行,并要分析误差的产生原因。     

基于遗传算法的网络入侵检测技术分析与研究

随着互联网规模的日益扩大,网络安全问题也变得越来越尖锐。如何提高网络入侵检测技术也变为一个业界重点课题。本文主要分析了遗传算法在网络入侵检测中的应用。     

基于遗传算法的自动组卷算法的设计

自动组卷系统中组卷算法的好坏直接影响到组卷的效率和质量,本文分析了各种常用的组卷算法,提出将改进的自适应遗传算法用于解决组卷问题,以提高组卷效率。并详细论述了基于遗传算法的自动组卷策略的实现过程。     

企业环境风险管理与环境负债评估框架研究

随着环境污染问题的日趋加重,企业面临的环境风险也随之增大,并可能承担环境负债责任。基于企业环境风险管理的基本原理和技术,从企业环境全过程管理角度出发,结合环境风险评价方法和管理程序、环境损害总费用分析框架并设计企业环境负债评估与管理程序。具体步骤为环境风险点确定;环境风险初步评估分析;现场取样与测试;环境损害的货币化评估;环境义务清偿与损害恢复;可持续监控。该程序可为企业环境风险管理、环境负债防范提供一个科学有效的评估与控制框架。     

如何对电气自动化控制设备进行可靠性测试

如何进一步提高带有半导体器件的电气传动及自动化控制设备的可靠性一直是生产厂和用户十分关注的问题。对此,国家电控配电设备质量监督检验中心结合我国现状提出了电控及自动化设备的可靠性测试方法,以指导设计和工艺的改进。本文就此问题做以简单讨论。     

缆索无损检测技术综合分析

介绍了桥梁缆索损伤的无损检测方法。并着重总结分析了无损检测方法中磁致伸缩技术、漏磁技术等的检测原理及当前的研究运用现况,可为以后的研究工作者提供参考。     

综合传热系数K值试验装置的研制与应用

综合传热系数K值是隔热箱体设计的重要参数,研制能快速自动检测K值的试验装置可准确掌握箱体的隔热性能,大大提高产品的开发效率。文章重点介绍了K值快速试验装置的系统设计方案、测试原理和应用实例。经验证,其运行稳定可靠,试验结果准确,使用效果良好,具有较强的实用价值。