上市公司财务状况恶化的预警模型分析

我们知道 ,所有企业的会计报表的编制都是在持续经营假设的基础上编制的。会计基本前提之一就是一个企业将持续存在 ,在缺乏相反的证据时 ,企业将被视为无限期的继续下去。然而现实企业经营活动中有大量的不确定性因素的存在 ,使得持续经营难以为继 ,许多企业的持续经营处于危     

济南市工业企业经营效率评价及其影响因素分析

利用数据包络分析 (DEA对济南市工业企业经营效率进行了评价 ,对影响工业企业经营效率的因素进行了系统分析 ,提出了几点改善建议。     

推行ISO9000国际标准:新世纪我国商业银行的战略选择

传统的经营往往以企业的产品为经营对象 ,这是一种低层次的狭隘的经营理念。而以整个企业为经营对象 ,站在企业全局的、系统的高度来指导企业的经营活动的经营理念则极大地扩展了传统的经营视野 ,是一种更高层次的战略性思想。本文从企业本质定义、成本、品牌、营销、竞争、创     

企业实施多角化经营战略的动因及对策分析

多角化经营战略是企业在新的产品领域和新的市场领域形成的战略。本文从阐述企业实施多角化经营战略的动因入手 ,分析了企业实施多角化经营战略应考虑的对策     

MRPⅡ、JIT与TOC的集成模式研究

MRPⅡ与JIT均是企业有效降低库存、加速资金周转、提高生产经营水平的现代化重要手段和工具。TOC理论是20一套围绕系统中存在的制约因素———"约束"而进行管理的现代管理思想和原则。它可以帮助企业或组织机构识别出在实际目标的过程中存在哪些约束,并进一步指出如何实施必要     

浙江省社会信息化水平测定及分析

本文从可持续发展的角度构建了粗放型、集约型、可持续发型经营的企业生产模型,并从企业经营 的内在动力、企业经营的社会责任、企业经济效益的评价原则、企业经济效益评价的指标体系、企业经营 管理方法等方面对三者进行了比较,指出企业经营方式应当从集约走向可持续发展。     

企业二次创业的战略转变:从实体经营到虚拟经营

电力技术与工业技术对应的是实体经营,虚拟技术与信息技术对应的是虚拟经营。面对个性化互动式的微观供求市场,企业二次创业可以借鉴虚拟经营这种运作模式的思路,实现从追求企业规模经济的实体经营向以内敛借力与契约经营为特征的旨在追求企业与顾客双重规模经济的虚拟经营的     

人力资本与知识管理

在知识经济时代的企业竞争中 ,仅仅拥有较多的资金与先进的技术优势显然还难以形成企业的竞争优势 ,特别是在企业不断做大做强的过程中 ,人力资本的优势将成为决定企业可持续发展的关键性因素。只有加大人力资本投资力度 ,提高人力资本经营水平 ,才能获取人力资本优势 ,以确保     

温州企业家族经营规则与市场规则的结合

通常认为家族经营是难以与市场经济相容的 ,家族经营只有转变为现代企业制度才能发挥市场机制的效率与作用。文章从温州企业家族经营规则与市场规则的相容性出发 ,论述了家族企业在现代市场经济中顽强的生命力 ,论述了家族经营规则与市场规则有相容的一面 ,也有矛盾的一面 ,从     

基于企业经营风险分析的适度多角化

企业经营风险包括经营业绩风险和经营能力风险。随着企业多角化程度的提高,企业经营业绩风险下降而经营能力风险上升。因此,适度多角化应该是企业在两者之间权衡的结果。     

“Buy-back” in international trade: A rationale

Conclusion When a technology proprietor cannot exploit his advantage by means of ownership of a production facility abroad, a sales contract with “buy-back provisions” may, in fact, be a trade-enhancing resolution to a situation of information-asymmetry between buyer and seller. The important implication is that not all forms of countertrade can be summarily dismissed as inefficient. Just as foreign direct investment can be seen to be a response to environmental or market imperfections, “buy-back” may be a way to deal with institutional or regulatory obstacles such as the prohibition of foreign ownership.     

Inflation,expectations, and cyclical aggravations

Summary The negative relationship between output and producers' expectations and the positive relationship between output and consumers' expectations, as hypothesized by Brunner and Meltzer, is very sensitive to the choice of the model. These Brunner-Meltzer predictions would not be supported by the results derived from a Fisherian model with or without a Phillips curve specification, such as the models presented in this paper.Within the context of the Fisherian model, an increase in the degree of adjustment by one or both sectors will lead to greater price stability. For policy purposes, this result suggests that the increase in available information or significant reduction in the costs of acquiring information may yield greater price stability. A welfare gain may also be achieved if the parameters are interdependent such that information conveyed to one sector effectively leaks to the other. In the latter case, the policy approach may be to try to influence the exogeneous expectations parameters and the lag adjustment between them.Recent studies have proposed that the labor market—or the market for new entrants and transitory workers—is the arena in which all firms participate. Hence, most of the information regarding price movements could be efficiently gathered in this market. If this is an accurate presumption, thenB* would, to some extent, be a function then of the labor market adjustment parameterA*. Further amendments to the model presented in this paper would, however, be necessary to incorporate this alternative.     

The Precarious Fiscal Foundations of EMU

After a brief overview of the fiscal theory of the price level, we consider the insights it provides into monetary policy formation under certain kinds of deflationary and inflationary stress. Then we consider how the institutions of the EMU are equipped – or unequipped – to deal with such stress. The conclusion is that fiscal institutions as yet unspecified will have to arise or be invented in order for EMU to be a long-term success.     

The risk premium for evaluating public projects

Governments face a lower apparent cost of capital than privatefirms. However, the low cost of borrowing by governments doesnot reflect superior capabilities to choose or manage projects.Instead, it reflects the fact that governments have recourseto taxpayers, who de facto provide a fairly open-ended creditinsurance to the government. If taxpayers were remunerated forthe risk they assume in the case of tax-financed projects, thenex ante there would be no capital cost advantage to governmentfinance. The risk premium on government finance would, in principle,be no different from that of private investors. There is thusno justification on the basis of capital cost advantages forgovernment funding or guaranteeing the provision of privategoods or services. Privatization is, therefore, valuable, ifit improves business efficiency when evaluated at the risk-adjustedprivate cost of capital. No more need be demonstrated in a value-for-moneytest.     

Fathers' whereabouts and children's welfare in Malawi

Children's welfare may be affected by the absence of a parent – be it due to migration, divorce or death. These reasons for absence have largely been addressed separately in the literature; we present a unified framework. Using Demographic and Health Survey data from Malawi, we compare welfare indicators for four categories of children: those who live with both parents, and those who live with their mother but whose father is absent due to migration, divorce, or death. We find a clear pattern of welfare differences: children whose father is either present or a migrant are better off, and children whose father is deceased or whose parents are divorced are worse off. Our findings indicate that concern about the welfare of migrants' children might be exaggerated. By contrast, vulnerable children of divorcees are at risk of being overlooked in a policy environment that focuses on orphans.     

Controversies on market failure in rewarding inventors

Conclusions A definite answer to the question of whether inventors are over-compensated cannot be attained within a model of an “ideal” market economy. Our analysis, however, yields informations about the conditions which determine an inventor's reward: When constant returns to scale are prevailing in the economy (models 2, 4), we can expect that compensations for inventions are effiecient or too small. Under decreasing returns (model 5), an inventor’s reward may be either too large or too small. But overcompensation — when it occurs — can never be larger than the sum of all producers’ surpulses (model 1). Thus, profits from inventions may be large, but not excessive.     

应收账款的假账甄别与防范

本文就不正当竞争行为的主体范围阐述了作者的观点,认为作为不正当竞争行为的主体应当满足三个要求：一是只有经营者才能成为这一主体,非经营者（主要是政府机关和经营者的雇员则不能;二是作为这一主体的经营者只限于同处于相关市场的经营者;三是作为这一主体的经营者不     

Controlling inflation in transition economies: The relevance of central bank independence and the right nominal anchor

Controlling inflation is a central problem in transition economies. This paper asks under what conditions or even whether central bank independence helps in this task. The conclusion shows that merely imposing legal independence on the central bank may be ineffective or even counterproductive. It is necessary to make a monetary strategy and the responsibilities and restrictions of central bank policy transparent to the public. In addition, it is important that the right nominal anchor is selected—one that is, or is believed to be, effective and sustainable. Both monetary targeting and inflation targeting are assumed to be unsuitable for most transition countries. Instead, some kind of dynamic exchange rate targeting appears to be the most reasonable choice.     

Methods and sources for the study of Swedish standards of living

Abstract

Recent studies of trends in Swedish standards of living raise questions of principle. Are the trends best measured in terms of individuals or of households, in monetary units or by the acquisition of goods and services? How ought income to be defined for this purpose? Is it better to investigate a cross-section of the population or occupational groups, and which years ought to be studied to obtain a valid series over time? Some of these problems have been elucidated by two dissertations published in the course of the inter-university research project on Swedish living standards 1925-1960, M. Järnek's study of household incomes in the city of Malmö between 1925 and 1964 and the present author's investigation of certain occupational groups in Gothenburg from 1919 to 1960.¹ This article is an attempt to continue and expand the discussion.     

Is Devolution Democratization?

Recent attempts at introducing new forms of governance in forest management in India have focused on devolution to user-groups or village level “participatory committees.” Success or failure is attributed to the presence or absence of “social capital” among these groups. These groups have never existed outside the state, however, and social relations, including social capital, are continually being transformed by administrative and market forces. This paper argues that what matters is not the degree of government intervention, i.e., more or less devolution, or the degree of social capital among local communities, but state accountability. This can only be ensured through addressing questions of political reform.