文化创意企业智力资本对企业绩效影响的实证分析

运用 VAIC法对文化创意企业的智力资本进行测量,基于平衡计分卡的思想构建文化创意企业绩效评价指标体系,运用主因子赋权和分析法计算文化创意企业绩效,并以文化创意企业绩效作为因变量,以文化创意企业智力资本作为自变量,构建线性回归模型对文化创意企业智力资本对企业绩效的影响进行实证分析。分析结果表明：智力资本对文化创意企业绩效的影响作用已经大于物质资本,是企业绩效的主要驱动因素;智力资本的构成要素人力资本和结构资本对文化企业绩效发挥的作用程度有所不同,结构资本对企业绩效发挥了积极的促进作用,人力资本影响作用不大;文化创意企业各类资本之间具有相关性。     

资本概念拓展与企业核心能力理论范式演变

随着科学技术的进步、生产力的发展、经济形态的变化和企业性质的变迁,企业资本已从传统的"物质资本"范畴发展成为一个由物质资本、人力资本、知识资本和社会资本等资本子范畴组成的体系,建立在这一基础上的资本理论即为新资本理论。企业核心能力历经物质资本主导型、人力资本主导型、知识资本主导型、社会资本主导型等范式的演变。历史地看,这些资本类别与核心能力范式分别代表和适用于古典企业、传统公司制企业、新经济条件下的知识型企业及网络组织。     

Cross-country comparison of intellectual capital performance of commercial banks in Asian economies

This study explores the intellectual capital performances of commercial banks in eight Asian economies by applying Pulic's value-added intellectual coefficient method (VAIC^?). The results show that after controlling for the influence of loan quality (LQ), fund utilisation (FU), and Asian financial crisis, both physical and human capitals (HCs) are the main factors creating value for banks. From 1996 to 2001, banks in Hong Kong on average had the best intellectual capital performance while those in Thailand improved the most. Further analysis shows that the value-creating efficiency of HC is the major driving force of performance.     

企业资本结构的改进:每股EVA无差别点

资本结构涉及到企业负债与权益,因此企业必须权衡财务风险公司资本结构是否合理,进而确定最优资本结构。在分析“每股收益无差别点”法缺陷的基础上,提出了“每股EVA无差别点”法,运用实例分析论证了该方法的优越性,以求改进资本结构理论     

Intellectual capital and innovativeness in software development firms: the moderating role of firm size

Abstract

We examine the effect of intellectual capital on firms’ innovativeness and the moderating role of firm size in software development firms in Kenya. Using moderated regression analysis, we found support for the proposition that human and social capital enhance firms’ innovativeness. We did not, however, find any significant effect of organizational capital on firms’ innovativeness. The results from the moderated regression suggest that the smaller the firm, the stronger the influence of intellectual capital on firms’ innovativeness. The results therefore indicate that human and social capital are critical in the innovation process and so firms that neglect these capitals are unlikely to realize the potential to innovate particularly in software development firms.     

国际R&D、吸收能力与对外直接投资逆向技术溢出——基于我国省际面板数据的实证研究

利用2003-2008年我国的省际面板数据,研究了对外直接投资的逆向技术溢出及人力资本吸收能力对其的影响。研究结果表明,现阶段对外投资传导的国际R&D对国内技术进步、技术效率和全要素生产率均无显著正向影响,对外投资的积极逆向溢出效应还未显现。分区域的回归结果显示,对外投资对我国各省区的逆向溢出存在明显差异,对外投资显著促进了东部和中部地区的全要素生产率增长,对西部地区的全要素生产率增长则无显著影响。东部地区的高水平人力资本显著提升了对外投资的逆向技术溢出效果,中西部地区人力资本却没有起到相应的促进作用。     

Efficiency and capital adequacy in Taiwan banking: BCC and super-DEA estimation

In this study the researchers adopt two DEA methods – Banker-Charnes-Cooper and Super Efficiency – to investigate whether a bank's technical efficiency is significantly different when capital adequacy (risk) is specified compared with when capital adequacy (risk) is not specified. The information is obtained from 46 Taiwanese banks for the period 2000 to 2002. The Malmquist total factor productivity (TFP) index is employed to measure the impact of productivity change on the panel data. The empirical results from the DEA approach are summarized as follows: (1) Capital adequacy is proven to be an influential factor in evaluating the efficiency of banks. (2) The average efficiency scores of banks with high capital adequacy (>8%) are significantly higher than those of banks with lower capital adequacy (<8%). (3) The efficiency scores of banks with high risk capital requirement (above the average) are higher than those of banks with lower risk capital requirement (under the average). (4) Banks with both high capital adequacy and high risk capital requirement are superior in performance than all the other banks, while banks with both low capital adequacy and low-risk capital requirement performance are the worst by contrast. (5) Based on the Malmquist total TFP index, we find that bank productivity has not increased.     

经济增加值:企业财务决策的方向标

经济增加值(EVA)源于剩余收益(RI)模型。EVA实际上是资本效率与资本额之积,是投资、并购的决策依据。市场增加值MVA,PGV和EVA的结合,可以为投资决策提供全面的方向性指导。杜邦分析法和EVA的结合为传统的经营决策提供了必要的补充。在我国资本市场不完善和企业本身财务数据不真实的情况下,用EVA作为财务决策的方向标具有现实意义。     

人力资本结构对区域经济增长影响的实证分析——基于新疆面板数据

研究经济增长中人力资本作用机制,不仅要考虑数量因素,还应该考虑结构因素。可引入企业家人力资本与技能型人力资本概念,构建人力资本结构模型。利用2000年～2009年新疆15个地州市面板数据,对新疆人力资本结构对区域经济增长的影响进行实证分析。结果表明,从人力资本结构角度分析,人力资本对新疆区域经济增长的影响比较大,仅从人力资本总量角度分析,将低估了人力资本对新疆区域经济增长的影响;在人力资本结构中,企业家人力资本对新疆区域经济增长的影响和对地区人力资本总体水平的提升作用都大于技能型人力资本。     

我国商业银行应对资本监管的经营管理策略

银行监管的核心问题是资本监管问题。本文依据巴塞尔协议构建的全球银行监管框架,分析了我国商业银行资本监管日趋严格的现状和国外商业银行针对资本监管采用的经营管理策略。在深入剖析资本监管对我国商业银行经营管理影响的基础上,提出了我国商业银行应采取资本筹集、资产证券化和改变经营管理模式等3个策略来应对新的资本监管标准。     

EVA在物流企业价值评价中的应用

本文认为,物流企业的发展不应仅限于单纯追求扩大规模,更要着重提高物流效率,增强综合服务能力,降低物流成本。因此,对物流企业价值进行准确评价非常重要。本文应用经济增加值EVA(Eco-nomic Value Added)对物流企业价值评价进行了分析,有利于物流企业分析市场风险,作出正确的投资与经营决策。在物流企业推广EVA财务管理系统是我国适应国际经济一体化趋势的需要,首先,EVA有利于对物流企业的绩效进行监测和评估,从而使企业更加专注于资本的有效利用,股东更加专注于资本回报价值的最大化;其次,有利于加快我国物流企业管理制度创新和技术进步。     

Intellectual capital reporting practices in an Islamic bank: A case study

Given the nature and importance of Islamic banks in recent times, we can expect them to have significant intellectual capital anchored in their Sharia‐based knowledge and expertise. However, we know very little or nothing about how and why intellectual capital‐related information is provided in their corporate reports. We fill this gap in our existing knowledge of the field with a view to enhance relevant literature. As far as we know, this article is one of the earliest exploratory attempts to examine intellectual capital reporting practices of an Islamic bank. We have undertaken a longitudinal (2001–2015) case study related to the intellectual capital reporting practices of an Islamic bank. Key results include significant rise of intellectual capital reporting over time, dominance of internal capital‐related items in intellectual capital reporting profile and the dynamics of changes in intellectual capital reporting practices over time. Through an institutional theory lens, we explain that this is due to the changes in the external institutional environment and various intra‐organisational factors such as strong ethical culture, unique knowledge base (Sharia), and corporate governance regime.     

智力资本与核心竞争力的比较分析

智力资本和核心竞争力被认为是企业获得持续竞争优势的重要源泉,基于二者建立起来的企业理论正成为整个管理理论体系中越来越重要的组成部分。尽管在一些研究文献里,智力资本和核心竞争力被赋予同一内涵而交替使用,但二者在理论渊源、概念、内涵和特征、竞争优势形成逻辑等方面还是存在一定差别。组织当前获得的竞争优势来源于组织所拥有的核心竞争力,组织所拥有的核心竞争力是组织长期积累形成的智力资本的凝炼和转化,基于此,构建了智力资本与核心竞争力的耦合模型及基于智力资本和核心竞争力的企业价值链模型。     

Ethical Managerial Behaviour as an Antecedent of Organizational Social Capital

There is a need of further research to understand how social capital in the organization can be fostered. Existing literature focuses on the design of reciprocity norms, procedures and stability employment practices as the main levers of social capital in the workplace. Complementary to these mechanisms, this paper explores the impact of ethical managerial behaviour on the development of social capital. We argue that a managerial behaviour based on the true concern for the well-being of employees, as well as their motivational and ethical development, can be particularly important for the generation of social capital in the organization. It is suggested that manager’s behaviour should be based on three principles: following exemplary behaviour, helping the employees to value the consequences of their actions in other persons, and not betraying employee’s trust. When the manager conforms to those principles, he can ease the process through which employees develop associability and identification-based trust with the firm, the two main components of ?Organizational Social Capital’. Bringing ethics into the debate of social capital creation seems to us fundamental, as social capital in the firm is likely to be influenced by the ethical and motivational development of its members.     

资源环境双重规制下中国地区全要素生产率研究——基于1996-2009年的实证分析

基于已有文献在研究全要素生产率时不考虑环境因素,或者仅考虑环境因素而忽视能源投入的现实,文章将资源和环境因素同时纳入生产率研究框架,对1996-2009年中国省级经济单元的全要素生产率(TFP)进行了测算,并将全要素生产率变动分解为技术效率变化和技术进步变化;对技术效率变化进一步分解为纯技术效率变化和规模效率变化,实现了TFP增长的动态分解,并研究了TFP变动的影响因素.研究结果表明,考虑资源环境约束,我国整体TFP较低,还存在较大的改进空间;TFP增长的主要源泉在于技术利用效率的提高,而技术进步和规模效率的作用并不明显.工业产值所占比重、资本/劳动比率上升不利于TFP的提高,外资引入对TFP改进具有拟制作用,降低国有经济比重和政府对市场经济的过度干预、增加环境污染治理投资有助于全要素生产率的提高.在生产效率(或经济增长效率)的核算中,忽略资源环境因素的冲击,有可能导致经济增长效率被高估,由此得出的政策建议会带有一定的误导性.     

现代企业业绩评价指标体系中知识资本计量管理的研究

知识资本是企业内部以知识为基础、可以创造竞争优势的一种特殊资产。知识经济条件下无形资产的内容极大丰富 ,使得建立在原来经济基础上的传统会计方法对知识资本的确认、计量、管理和报告有一定的局限性 ,进而影响了现代企业业绩的正确衡量和评价。国内外实务界和学术界都在对此进行着不懈的研究。一个重要的发展趋势就是在业绩评价指标体系中运用平衡计分卡 ,引入非财务指标。本文试图运用平衡计分卡对知识资本进行确认、计量和管理 ,以期对充分发挥知识资本的潜在价值 ,提升企业价值和建立我国企业业绩指标体系 ,有所裨益。     

人—组织匹配对员工创新行为的影响——心理授权的中介作用

人—组织匹配对员工创新行为具有显著的正向影响,其中价值观匹配和要求—能力匹配对员工创新行为具有显著的正向影响,需求—供给匹配对员工创新行为没有影响;人—组织匹配及三个维度均对心理授权具有显著的正向影响,心理授权对员工创新行为具有显著的正向影响;心理授权在人—组织匹配与员工创新行为之间起到部分中介作用。     

股票期权对自主创新企业人力资本激励的必要性研究

以人力资本股票期权激励的实质为切入点,从创新活动的特性、人的行为特征和人力资本的特性、提升人力资本价值和实现企业绩效四个角度,对自主创新企业实施股票期权激励人力资本的必要性进行深入分析,不难发现,在人力资本的投资和使用的过程中,必须要解决激励机制的问题,而激励问题在本质上是产权安排问题。从我国自主创新企业特定的角度看,对人力资本的有效激励就是实现人力资本所有者对企业控制权和经营索取权的分享。     

Technical Efficiency of the Ghanaian Banking Industry and the Effects of the Entry of Foreign Banks

The effects of the entry of foreign banks and changes in bank concentration on the technical efficiency of domestic banks in Ghana over the period 2000–2008 is analyzed. Technical efficiency scores were obtained by the Data Envelopment Analysis. Then, the Tobit regression was used to analyze the impact of hypothesized explanatory variables on bank efficiency. Foreign bank share of total industry assets was used to proxy the impact of foreign banks. The findings suggest that efficiency of domestic banks has been positively affected by the entry of foreign banks and reduction in concentration. Thus, the central bank's policy of liberalizing the banking sector appears to be well placed.     

知识经济条件下智力资本流动与增值研究

现在社会已经处于知识经济时代,知识在经济发展中占有越来越重要的地位,知识经济时代的到来要求企业具有自己核心的智力价值。企业要想发展的更为迅速、提高自身的竞争力就得加大对知识的重视程度。智力资本是知识在经济发展中的体现。之前的企业资本主要是固有资产,厂房、机械等固定不变的资产,而随之知识经济时代的来临,企业资本的主体已经不是这些固有资产,而变成了智力资本。一个企业要想提高与其他企业之间的竞争力,加快企业发展的速度,就必须加大对智力资本的重视程度,丰富企业的智力资本。