三台阶法在铁路双线软岩隧道施工中的应用

在隧道施工中应用三台阶开挖法,必须规范其工艺流程,充分掌握技术要点,严格遵循作业标准进行开挖,减少超挖,保障隧道开挖作业的安全,从而提高隧道开挖质量。文章以新建黔张常铁路鸡公山隧道施工为例,通过对三台阶法施工控制要点、安全质量保证措施等方面进行分析研究,有效地控制了变形,实现了隧道掘进持续稳产高产,为类似工程提供一定的参考。     

三车道大跨隧道浅埋土质地层段施工技术

结合重庆外环高速公路北段施家梁隧道工程实际情况浅述大跨隧道洞口浅埋土质段施工.隧道最大开挖宽度17.82m,施工采用超前大管棚、地表注浆、台阶法、短进尺、弱爆破等具体措施,保证施工安全、质量的同时,快速掘进.     

三线大跨软弱围岩隧道快速掘进施工技术

结合昆明三环闭合工程西、北段岗头隧道工程实际情况浅述三线大跨软弱围岩隧道快速掘进施工.隧道均为Ⅳ、Ⅴ级软弱围岩,施工采用超前小导管支护、预留核心土三台阶法、短进尺、弱爆破等具体措施,保证施工安全、质量的同时,快速掘进.     

李鹏、朱镕基、李瑞环的退休生活

仪榭觥⒒肪骋笠约笆┕さノ坏淖陨硖跫?,选择适宜的开挖方法及掘进方式 ,必要时 ,应通过试验段进行验证。施工中常用的开挖方法是台阶法以及适用于特殊条件的各类型分部开挖方法。一般山岭隧道可采用正台阶法施工 ;城市及附近地区的一般隧道可采用上台阶分部开挖法或短台阶     

宜州至河池高速公路基峒隧道施工技术

宜州至河池高速公路基峒隧道现场实际施工表明,V级围岩采用三导洞法、Ⅳ级围岩采用中导洞、正短台阶分部法开挖,既确保了工程的质量和安全,又加快了施工进度、降低了工程成本,是双连拱隧道开挖施工中一种安全有效的方法.文章结合宜州至河池高速公路基峒双连拱隧道施工,介绍了双连拱隧道的施工工艺及方法.     

浅埋软弱围岩微台阶法施工技术

在施工过程中,通过整合全断面和短台阶开挖工法进而形成隧道微台阶开挖工法,这种方法在一定程度上保证了隧道施工的安全,提高了施工的进度。本文通过阐述微台阶法工艺原理和优势,同时对施工工艺流程及操作要点进行分析,为隧道施工提供参考依据。     

宜州至河池高速公路基峒隧道施工技术

宜州至河池高速公路基峒隧道现场实际施工表明,V级围岩采用三导洞法、Ⅳ级围岩采用中导洞、正短台阶分部法开挖,既确保了工程的质量和安全,又加快了施工进度、降低了工程成本,是双连拱隧道开挖施工中一种安全有效的方法。文章结合宜州至河池高速公路基峒双连拱隧道施工,介绍了双连拱隧道的施工工艺及方法。     

crd法与台阶法对近距离交叠隧道影响模拟分析

在对近距离交叠隧道施工中，可以应用crd法、台阶法，可以根据隧道地层和围岩，采取不同开挖方式，以提升隧道施工安全。以下本篇研究crd法与台阶法对近距离交叠隧道影响模拟分析。     

北乐原隧道开挖技术研究

以北乐原隧道施工为工程背景,针对隧道洞口、洞身围岩特征及现场条件,提出洞口采用单侧壁导坑开挖法进行开挖,并辅助采用注浆、管棚方式加固洞口不稳定围岩,为隧道洞口开挖创造良好条件;洞身围岩等级以IV级为主,部分区段为V级,在开挖时选用三台阶预留核心土开挖法。对不同围岩等级情况下洞口及洞身开挖技术方案、炮眼布置参数等进行详细设计。现场应用后,北乐原隧道采用的开挖技术方案可满足施工需要,不仅可减少对围岩扰动而且可实现安全高效开挖,现场应用效果较好。研究成果可为类似条件其他隧道工程开挖工作开展提供经验参考。     

浅析渭河隧道拱部外露地表开挖施工技术

渭河隧道拱部外露地表开挖施工技术采用三台阶临时仰拱法施工,结合大管棚超前注浆预加固技术和监控量测数据为依据及时调整施工参数。本文介绍拱部外露隧道开挖施工技术,既保护隧道周围环境,又保证隧道施工安全质量、工期效益。     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

Ansätze und Ergebnisse anglo-amerikanischer M&A-Forschung

Based on a review of established U.S. management journals (1995–2003), six schools of thought are identified within the Anglo-American M&;A research: “Capital Market”, “Principal/Agent”, “Industrial Organization”, “Organizational Behavior”, “Human Resources” and “Strategic Management”. The literature review shows that the definition of M&;A success, the methods applied, and insights from empirical research differ according to the respective school of thought. Empirical studies focus on the resource combinations of merger partners, the specific circumstances of merger negotiations, and on integration management as antecedents of merger performance. Unfortunately, empirical findings have not yet provided reliable explanations for M&;A success. Based on the current state of Anglo-American M&;A research, the authors discuss implications for business practice, identify research gaps, and propose areas for future research.     

Introduction of New Technology with a Sound Transition of the Input-Output Structure

We examine the general equilibrium repercussions associated with the introduction of new technologies, using the generalized Leontief system that allows technological substitutions. We show that an untested introduction of cost-increasing technologies in any industry may result in creating a non-productive technological structure that does not satisfy the Hawkins-Simon condition, following the autonomous dynamic adjustment process with structural transitions in the economic system. Therefore, we propose a practicable control scheme of introducing cost-increasing technologies that strictly avoids the creation of non-productive structures in all periods of structural transition, using the available information on the ex ante technological structure.     

The Creation of the Office for National Statistics

A new Office for National Statistics was created in the United Kingdom in 1996 following a series of developments designed to strengthen the relevance and integrity of statistics. This paper describes these fundamental changes and sets out a blueprint for future progress. It also sets current developments in the United Kingdom in an historical and international context.     

What helps? Women engineers' accounts of staying on

We have considerable understanding of the obstacles that women engineers encounter and the reasons that they leave the field, but we know less about what enables them to remain. Adopting an interpretivist approach, this article examines how a group of British women engineers in two FTSE 100 companies account for “staying on” in their male‐dominated work settings. We delineate four specific forms of help that facilitate women's retention in the field. We argue that exposure to help leads to women developing a habitus that enables them to continue working in engineering. To conclude, we draw on our findings to outline HR practices that will facilitate supportive relationships in the workplace and pave the way towards developing more positive organisational climates.     

论现代物流企业的发展观

物流业经过诸多年的发展目前已经成为最热门的行业之一,物流企业的注册数量也与日俱增,达到前所未有的规模。毋庸置疑,任何企业都希望自己迅速做强做大,并成为真正现代物流企业的典型代表,要实现这一目标一个首要问题就是要解决现代物流企业的发展观问题。