土地科学技术普及行动计划

《中华人民共和国科学技术普及法》于2002年6月颁布实施,为贯彻落实《科普法》,国土资源部与科学技 术部共同制定了《国土资源科学技术普及行动纲要》,并于2004年4月19日颁布执行。这对于全面建设小康社 会,实施科教兴国和可持续发展战略,树立和落实科学发展观具有十分重要的意义。土地科普工作尚处于起步 阶段,提高全民族的土地科学素养和土地管理科学化水平,既是长期艰巨的任务,又是当前十分紧迫的工作。为 贯彻、落实《国土资源科学技术普及行动纲要》,提高广大土地科技工作者对土地科学技术普及工作的认识,并 动员全社会力量努力开创土地科普工作新局面,中国土地学会特制定《土地科学技术普及行动计划》。 一、土地科学技术普及工作的现状和问题 土地科普是指以公众易于理解、接受、参与的方式,围绕保护土地的基本国策,面向青少年普及土地科学知     

第十二届梁希科普奖9月1日起申报

<正>为深入贯彻党的二十大精神，全面贯彻落实《中华人民共和国科普法》《全民科学素质行动规划纲要（2021-2035年）》，中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅印发的《关于新时代进一步加强科学技术普及工作的意见》精神，团结引领广大社会公众进一步普及林业和草原科学知识、倡导科学方法、传播科学思想、弘扬科学精神，全力推进林业和草原事业高质量发展，根据《梁希科普奖奖励办法（试行）》，中国林学会决定组织开展第十二届梁希科普奖评选工作。     

新农村建设中不能忽视科普工作

6月29日是《中华人民共和国科学技术普及法》颁布实施四周年的纪念日。仔细学习之，觉得中国社会主义新农村建设中，落实《科普法》十分必要，因为新农村建设中必须注重农民科技文化素质的提高。科普工作在社会主义新农村建设中是一项不可忽视的工作。     

国土资源部关于命名第二批国土资源科普基地的通知

国土资发〔2011〕119号各省、自治区、直辖市国土资源主管部门,中国地质调查局及部其他直属单位,部机关各司局：按照《国土资源科普基地推荐及命名暂行办法》和《国土资源部办公厅关于组织开展第二批国土资源科普基地推荐命名工作的通知》（国土资厅发[2011]14号）要求,第二批国土资源科普基地推荐命名工作已经结束。     

促进土地科学技术的进步与普及座谈会在京召开

促进土地科学技术的进步与普及座谈会在京召开为了贯彻《中共中央国务院关于加速科学技术进步的决定》、《中共中央国务院关于加强科学技术普及工作的若千意见》以及第三次全国科学技术大会的精神，同时为庆祝“６．２５全国土地日”，由中国土地学会学术工作委员会和教育...     

国土资源部关于印发《土地资产管理“十五”计划纲要》的通知

各省、自治区、直辖市国土资源厅（国土环境资源厅、国土资源和房屋管理局、房屋土地资源管理局、规划和国土资源局），计划单列市土地管理局（城乡规划土地局、规划国土局），解放军土地管理局，新疆生产建设兵团国土资源局，有关直属单位，部有关司局：《土地资产管理“十五”计划纲要》已经部务会议审议通过，现印发给你们，请认真贯彻执行。国土资源部２００２年４月２日为进一步贯彻落实国务院《关于加强国有土地资产管理的通知》（国发〔２００１〕１５号），全面完成国家《国民经济和社会发展第十个五年计划纲要》和《国土资源“十五…     

国土资源部日前印发《土地资产管理“十五”计划纲要》

为进一步贯彻落实国务院《关于加强国有土地资产管理的通知》（国发犤２００１犦１５号），全面完成国家《国民经济和社会发展第十个五年计划纲要》和《国土资源“十五”计划纲要》提出的土地资产管理的各项任务，国土资源部土地利用司在总结经验和分析形势的基础上，制定了土地资产管理“十五”计划纲要。《纲要》共分五个部分：１．“九五”回顾。主要回顾“九五”以来，土地资产管理工作认真贯彻党中央、国务院关于国有土地资产管理的重大方针政策，严格执行国土资源管理的法律法规，在原国家土地管理局、国土资源部党组的正确领导下，广…     

2001年《中国土地科学》征订启事

《中国土地科学》的宗旨是为全国的土地科技和土地管理事业服务 ,为土地科学学科建设服务 ,为对当前土地工作实践中遇到的理论问题进行讨论、研究服务。在党的十五大精神指引下 ,贯彻理论实践相结合 ,普及与提高相结合的方针 ,积极开展土地科学的学术交流和理论探讨 ,促进国土资源综合开发利用 ,提高我国土地科学的学术水平。本刊发表土地科学研究的新成果 ,综述、报道具有方向性的学术思想 ,及时反映土地科学技术领域的新思想、新观点、新方法和新技术。 2 0 0 1年本刊将围绕土地科学发展及国土资源管理的难点和热点问题进行探讨 ,主要有 :…     

贯彻《科普法》推进社会文明建设——纪念《科普法》颁布实施三周年

《中华人民共和国科学技术普及法》由中华人民共和国第九届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第二十八次会议于2002年6月29日通过，至今已是三年。它是我国的一部重要法律。《科普法》的颁布施行，充分体现了党和国家对科普工作的高度重视，标志着我国科普工作已经纳入法制化轨道。是我国科普历史上的一个里程碑。     

保护土地资源 保障科学发展

近年来,广东省东莞市国土资源局认真贯彻落实国土资源法律法规,全市耕地特别是基本农田得到有效保护,土地市场新机制逐步建立和完善,土地利用总体规划得到严格执行,土地管理科技含量得到明显提高。一、狠抓机制建设,认真落实各项制度。一是大力完善与《土地管理法》相配套的规章政策。东莞市结合实际和工作需要,不断建立健全与《土地管理法》相配套的规章政策,有力地促进了全市土地资源的保护和利用工作。二是严格实行土地用途管制制度。东莞市高度重视土地利用总体规划的编制和实施工作,第二轮土地利用总体规划修编大纲正式通过国土资源部…     

Price transmission between products at different stages of manufacturing in forest industries

The theory of demand and supply implies a positive relationship, or “price transmission” between the prices of products at different stages of manufacturing. This relationship was investigated with quarterly prices of softwood stumpage in the US South, and national prices of forest products, from 1977 to 2002. All prices, net of inflation, were found to be nonstationary and there was no evidence of co-integration between prices. Vector autogressive models, augmented by Granger causality tests and multiplier analysis showed that there was a one-to-one permanent positive response of the southern sawtimber stumpage price to a permanent change in the national lumber price. There was also a one-third permanent positive response of the national paper price to a permanent change in the national pulp price. There was no relation between regional pulpwood prices and national pulp or paper prices. When price transmission was significant, the full adjustment took about 2 years.     

Application of an ecosystem function framework to perceptions of community woodlands

Owners, local residents, government, and conservation organisations can express divergent preferences in the development and management of local woodlands. The perceptions of these four groups were examined, in the context of three community woodlands in Eastern England, using an ecosystem function framework. In a pilot study, residents were able to allocate a relative importance to woodland ecosystem services which were then related to “regulation”, “habitat”, and “production” or “information” functions. However residents also placed importance on negative services or “dis-services” associated with the woodland ecosystem. Therefore a fifth category of “dis-services” was included in the main survey which included 84 local residents, three woodland owners, three government institutions, and six representatives from conservation groups. Each of the four groups placed greatest importance on services associated with habitat (16–39% of the total importance) and information (30–50%) functions suggesting, in this example, mutual interest in the use of woodlands as a habitat or recreational resource. By contrast a potential area of difference was the particularly high importance placed by one owner on dis-services such as fly tipping. In addition the woodland owners placed higher importance (10–20%), than local residents and conservation groups (7–9%), on the productive services of the wood. This suggests a need for communication when production-related operations affect recreation. The ecosystem function framework appears to be a useful approach for highlighting potential tensions and areas of mutual interest in the management of semi-natural ecosystems.     

In Vino ‘No’ Veritas: impacts of fraud on wine imports in China

China is one of the largest wine importing countries in the world and is poised for continued import growth in the future. Increased wine purchases throughout China have given rise to persistent fraud where fake wines are packaged and sold with counterfeit contents and labels. For exporting countries like France, counterfeit wines displace market share, damage foreign brand reputation, and cause distrust in consumers who are aware of counterfeiting problems throughout the country. We examine the impact of fraudulent wine events (as measured by negative media reports) on Chinese wine demand differentiated by supplying country. We employ the Rotterdam demand system and a switching regression procedure to estimate import demand and compare results across different media variable specifications. Results consistently show that negative reports disproportionately affect French wine regardless of how the media variable is specified. This is not surprising because most fraudulent events involve French wine counterfeits.     

An evaluation framework for earthquake-responsive land administration

In recent years earthquakes and their secondary hazards have claimed the largest number of lives of all large natural disasters. Some of the world’s most earthquake-prone zones are also areas of high population density. The impact is magnified by vulnerability factors including non-enforcement of building codes, knowledge gaps, urban poverty and poor governance capacity to manage and reduce earthquake risks. Poor security of land tenure and property rights increases the vulnerability of people and affects their ability to respond to natural disasters.Earthquake recovery and reconstruction provides very significant challenges for land agencies, with these challenges differing from one country to the next due to differences in the local context. Drawing on contrasting case studies in Haiti, Nepal and New Zealand this paper identifies the common post-earthquake land administration functions and challenges that may apply to many contexts. These lessons provide land agencies and other key stakeholders with a summary of the challenges an earthquake poses for land administration at different post-disaster stages. We also discuss the policy and regulatory, institutional, operational and preparedness lessons for land administration. From these lessons we propose a framework for evaluating the earthquake-responsiveness of a land administration system. This framework can be used by a land agency in an earthquake prone region, or where an earthquake has recently occurred, to assess what challenges to land administration might occur in the event of an earthquake, and the preparedness of their land administration system.     

Agrarian Poverty,Nutrition and Economic Class – A Study of Gujarat,India

This paper analyses poverty and calorific undernourishment in the Indian state of Gujarat, where high and market‐led industrial growth has resulted in rapid economic improvement. The study is carried out through a combination of secondary and survey‐based data. We conclude that the neoliberal agenda of uncontrolled, outward‐looking growth has not resulted in significant reduction of poverty or malnourishment in rural areas. Furthermore, while land ownership is officially used as a proxy for wealth distribution, class position appears a better predictor of poverty status in the rural areas than landownership per se. At the policy level, there is a need to revive the agrarian economy and create new non‐agricultural assets, and the primary focus in the state must shift to the distribution of created assets rather than a single‐minded focus on growth.     

Does sustainable agricultural growth require a system of innovation? Evidence from Ghana and Burkina Faso

This paper tests the ‘systems of innovation’ hypothesis for a selection of crops in Ghana and Burkina Faso that have shown significant growth in production over an approximately 20-year period. The question is whether such growth can only occur if supported by a system of innovation. Using two indicators (a common understanding on objectives and priorities, and a high level of interactivity), we find little evidence for the existence of anything that might be considered a high functioning system of innovation.     

Local impacts of industrial tree plantations: An empirical analysis in Indonesia across plantation types

The values ascribed to industrial tree plantations are often controversial. Hence knowledge of their perceived impacts is important for improving their integration in rural landscapes. In 2016 we conducted household surveys with 606 respondents living in villages adjacent to acacia, teak and pine plantations across three islands in Indonesia (Java, Borneo, Sumatra). Results show that perceptions toward pine and teak plantations tend to differ from those toward acacia pulpwood plantations in several ways. Pine and teak plantations are perceived to have a higher number and variety of benefits and services, a higher number of positive impacts, a better environmental record, and to present more opportunities to local people for use of plantation land and products for improving rural livelihoods. In addition, we find that villagers around acacia pulpwood plantations tend to seek economic development and infrastructure to open up remote areas, yet their expectations were often only partially met. Recommendations from our analysis include: the role of the State in plantations must be clarified and potentially reinforced; the role of institutions as intermediaries is fundamental; and contributions by communities to design of management plans should be accommodated.     

Underpayment of Small Producers of Coffee and Cocoa in Sierra Leone

Fieldwork shows that many Sierra Leonean producers do not receive the official producer price for their coffee and cocoa, due to the concentration of buying stations, credit relations, the small quantities offered for sale, and the lack of marketing knowledge of the numerous and unorganized farmers. To the traders underpayment may seem economically justifiable to a certain extent, but to the farmers it means poverty and debt. A new village marketing centre project aims at remedying this situation and has already led to higher prices. Although no longer allowed to take their "just" share from the producers, traders are still willing to deal with the new centres.     

Upstream demand for water use by new tree plantations imposes externalities on downstream irrigated agriculture and wetlands*

Large‐scale tree plantations in high rainfall upstream areas can reduce fresh water inflows to river systems, thereby imposing external costs on downstream irrigation, stock and domestic water users and wetland interests. We take the novel approach of expressing all benefits and costs of establishing plantations in terms of $ per gigalitre (GL) of water removed annually from river flows, setting upstream demands on the same basis as downstream demands. For the Macquarie Valley, a New South Wales sub‐catchment of Australia’s Murray‐Darling Basin, we project changes in land and water use and changes in economic surpluses under two policy settings: without and with a policy requiring permanent water entitlements to be purchased from downstream parties, before plantation establishment. Without the policy, and given a high stumpage value for trees ($70/m³), upstream gains in economic surplus projected from expanding plantations are $639 million; balanced against $233 million in economic losses by downstream irrigators and stock and domestic water users for a net gain of $406 million, but 345 GL lower mean annual environmental flows. With the policy, smaller gains in upstream economic surplus from trees ($192 million), added to net downstream gains ($138 million) from sale of water, result in gains of $330 million with no reduction in environmental flows. Sustaining the 345 GL flow for a $76 million (406–330) reduction in gains to economic surplus may be seen to cost only $0.22 million/GL; but this is much lower than the market value of the first units of that water to agriculture and forestry.     

Malaria incidence and agricultural efficiency in Uganda

The cost of accessing healthcare can be a major determinant of disease prevalence, which in turn has short‐ and long‐term welfare implications on poor households. In response, governments in developing countries often resort to subsidizing the cost of drugs, which, while perhaps easier to administer, may not always be the most effective way of addressing healthcare cost. In this regard, we analyze the impact of different types of household level health expenses on disease incidence and agricultural production efficiency. We use data from the 2006 Uganda National Household Survey, which covered approximately 7,400 households. The results suggest that a 10% increase in consultation, medicine, and hospitalization expenses would reduce malaria incidence respectively by 35.6%, 20.5%, and 21.3 %, which translates into a 1.1%, 0.6%, and 0.6 % decrease in agricultural inefficiency, respectively. The results indicate that helping poor households meet expenses for consultation through subsidies or eliminating consultation fees has a larger impact on malaria incidence and agricultural productivity among poor rural households than subsidizing the cost of medical drugs, the most common avenue chosen by developing country governments in the fight against the disease.