跨国公司在华投资的集聚效应分析与对策

改革开放以来,我国引进的外商直接投资由以中小企业为主逐渐转向以大型跨国公司为主,跨国公司对华投资规模和数量迅速扩大.由美国《财富》杂志公布的世界500家最大跨国公司已有400多家在我国投资.可以预见,随着经济全球化的发展和我国加入世贸组织,进入中国的跨国公司将越来越具规模化.国内学对这种现象及其对我国经济发展的影响进行了大量研究.但国内学很少对跨国公司之间投资的系统性和关联性即跨国公司的集聚效应进行分析.     

经济增长的区域影响与集聚效应分析

我们以长江三角洲内圈层的上海、江苏省七市和浙江省六市为分析对象,根据历年《浙江统计年鉴》、《江苏统计年鉴》和《上海统计年鉴》提供的数据,对74个市县基本分析单位1995年～1997年的GDP平均实际增长率和整体增长率作一比较。各市县1995年～1997年平均实际经济增长率依次从大到小排列在前10位的是新昌县(25.72％)、嘉善市     

跨国公司在华研发投资的发展及其效应分析

随着经济一体化进程的加速和科学技术的飞速发展,越来越多的跨国公司出于自身战略的考虑而在海外设立研发机构并从事研发活动,以增强其在海外的竞争优势。作为最大的发展中国家和最具市场潜力的国家,21世纪的中国成为了跨国公司研发投资的热土,跨国公司在华研发投资的新动向及其双重影响的特征,对我国制定相应的措施提出了新的挑战。     

跨国公司在华R＆D的效应研究

加入WTO后,中国企业将更广泛、更深入地参与国际分工和国际竞争。继我国改革开放之初跨国公司的销售部门和生产部门相继进入中国市场后,目前作为跨国公司创新源泉的研发部门也纷纷在中国设立了分支机构。文章探讨了跨国公司在华研发给我国带来的正面效应与负面效应,对于增强我国企业研发实力以及提出相应的措施有着重要的现实意义和借鉴价值。     

跨国公司在华溢出效应研究：人力资本的视角

在我国实施人才强国战略的背景下,本文基于三期（2000,2002,2004年）全国民营企业主抽样调查数据,从人力资本创造与流转的视角,实证研究了跨国公司在华溢出效应的存在性、影响因素和作用渠道。OLS回归和Treatment Effect非参数估计结果稳健地表明,民营企业主的跨国公司工作经历对其所创立企业的经营业绩有显著的正面影响,证实了跨国公司在华存在通过人力资本创造与流转机制的溢出效应。研究进一步显示,制度环境对有效收获人力资本溢出有重要影响。关于人力资本视角下溢出效应发挥作用的渠道,我们发现,民营企业主跨国公司工作经历有助于提高其国际视野和企业海外销售比例,这对中国企业“走出去”有所助益。同时,我们发现,有外企经历的民营企业主更注重知识产权保护和员工激励等公司治理因素。     

跨国公司在我国投资的垄断效应与对策研究

跨国公司作为经济全球化的载体，越来越成为发达国家对外投资的主要方式。在我国吸收的外资中，跨国公司的投资占有重要地位。跨国公司的投资，具有改善我国资产质量，提升产业结构，形成技术溢出效应等诸多积极影响。但是，由于国内企业实力较为弱小，难以与大型跨国公司相抗衡，近年来，在某些行业时有外国企业凭借其雄厚的经济实力在短期内迅速占领我国大部分市场份额，并行使市场支配力的情况发生。如何防范跨国公司凭借市场支配地位行使垄断行为，维持市场公正公平竞争的秩序，对于我国经济的健康发展具有重要意义。本文拟从国外跨国公…     

跨国公司在华的新发展及对策

跨国公司在华发展出现了以下的新趋势:结构形式的优化,投资注重当地化,通过多种途径与方式增强在华投资企业的控制力,增强了对我国市场的垄断程度,导致了我国经济发展对它的依赖性。在主张引进跨国公司的同时,要通过各项措施打破跨国公司的垄断地位,降低对跨国公司的依赖程度。     

跨国公司在华研发本地化的影响分析

跨国公司研发的本地化是一把双刃剑,对于中国来说,跨国公司实施研发本地化战略一方面为技术创新体系的提升提供了新的发展机遇;另一方面也对中国的科技创新体制提出了严峻的挑战。如何在跨国公司研发本地化活动中趋利避害,成为中国企业必须正视的现实问题。     

青岛市金融集聚的效应探析

金融是现代经济的核心,青岛市的金融业呈现出快速集聚的特征。由于金融业的集聚,其集聚带来的经济带动效应、产业促进效应、分工效应、辐射效应已经开始显现。     

物流产业集群的集聚效应研究

物流产业集群的演化发展过程中伴随着集聚效应的产生,即产业集聚成长过程带来的正面效应与负面效应相互抵消后的净效应。一方面随着物流产业集群内部企业和组织数量的增加,这些企业和组织之间的结构开始发生变化,结构从简单到复杂,实现了空间组织的优化;另一方面是内部企业的交互作用形成反馈循环,导致物流产业集群的规模不断扩大,促使集聚经济效应发生,在集聚经济效应的作用下产业集群规模实现动态的平衡。     

跨国公司如何对抗禽流感考验？——禽流感：跨国巨头们的另一场战争

美国西雅图一家棒球俱乐部的CEO说,他已告诉员工,哪怕只是得普通病也要在家休息,"我告诉他们,如果你得了流感还来工作,这可能是你在这里工作的最后一天。     

Women and corruption: evidence from multinational panel data

In this paper we investigate whether the ratio of female population is related with lower corruption, utilizing a multinational panel data with 80 countries for the period 2000–2012 and employing the Generalized Method of Moments as well as the ordered probit regression methods. This is the first study on the impacts of different female groups on corruption. Overall speaking, the estimation results are pluralistic. Higher female ratios in the legislative branch and in the labor force are significantly associated with a lower level of corruption, while the female ratio in secondary enrollment is positively related with corruption; however, the female ratio of the whole population has insignificant impacts on corruption. The policy implications are that a simple enhanced female ratio and educational level are not the effective way to inhibit corruption in our sample countries, whereas improvements of the female ratio in the legislative branch and the labor force contribute to controlling corruption. These results are basically robust for the two estimation methods and for the two subsamples of developed and developing countries. As a result, the estimation results on the relationship between corruption and gender might vary remarkably when different indicators for the female groups are utilized, which should some light on future studies.     

Technology transfer: The approach of a Dutch multinational

The process of technology transfer has been a major underlying cause of many crucial geopolitical issues. This paper treats the topic of technology transfer from multinational firms to developing countries as a managerial challenge and narrates how the pioneering initiative taken in 1961 by N.V. Philips has met that challenge. The main instrumentality employed by Philips is its Pilot Plant at Utrecht which, by all indications, has served both the multinational and the host nations in the developing world in a positive way for more than two decades.     

Learning transfer in multinational companies: explaining inter-organisation variation

This article addresses the extent to which multinational companies (MNCs) in Ireland deploy practices aimed at the transfer of learning in their operations and the factors explaining inter-organisation variation in so doing. Using data from 260 MNCs, we find that comparatively large numbers of firms deploy practices to transfer learning in their Irish operations. Most notably, we find that almost half of all MNCs have a formal policy on organisational learning, while more than six in every ten MNCs in Ireland utilise three or more learning transfer mechanisms. In investigating inter-organisation variation with respect to these, we test a number of hypotheses involving nationality, sectoral, MNC (e.g. organisation structure) and HR factors. Our results show that the presence of international HR structures is a significant factor in explaining learning transfer in MNCs. We also find support that employment size, sector and integration between the MNC's global operations are useful variables in explaining variation in the deployment of practices on learning transfer in MNCs.     

Diffusing 'best practice' in multinational firms: prospects,practice and contestation

This article explores the possibilities and problems of transferring best practice within multinational enterprises. Following a discussion of the literature on the transfer of best practice, we draw on a case study of ABB to highlight some of the issues and problems involved. In particular, we focus on the use of benchmarking as a powerful tool for the diffusion of best practice in ABB. We conclude that under certain conditions the case for the transfer of best practice within multinational enterprises is relatively sound and that the use of internal benchmarking can be a highly effective method of producing such organizational change. However, any form of diffusion has to take into account (a) the local cultural and institutional context and (b) the ability and incentive of local managers to implement best practice.     

Strategic incentives for multinational operations

A simple game-theoretic model is set up to analyze when strategic considerations may dominate and possibly counteract the traditional motives for MNE operations such as locational and firm-specific advantages. Firms can choose to operate internationally out of defensive considerations to avoid a worse outcome where they would have to compete with rival MNEs while not enjoying the cost advantages associated with multinational operations. The model further specifies when the timing of the decision to become a MNE may entail strategic advantages, with the first mover restricting the multinational expansion of its rival.