人口年龄结构、城镇化与房地产

本文试图为房地产市场波动提供一个关于人口角度的解释。论文首先通过构建需求函数,研究人口年龄变化对房地产影响,证明人口年龄结构是影响中国房地产市场的重要因素,通过对城镇化人口来源的分析,认为城镇化不足以解释房价的快速上涨。本文还对房价未来走势进行了预测,结果显示,短期来看,购房适龄人口和人口红利持续将推动房地产业发展,支撑房屋需求。中长期来看,随着购房适龄人口持续下降、人口老龄化加速,以及＂人口红利＂转为＂人口负债＂,我国住房消费真实需求将呈持续萎缩趋势,房地产市场投资、销售和价格均将面临考验。     

基于Hedonic理论的住宅特征价格模型——以上海为例

本文将Hedonic理论应用于上海市住宅市场,从住宅具有的特征属性的隐含价格出发,取得住宅特征和住宅价格之间的数量关系,避免了评估人员因主观原因引起的评估偏差。文中采用线性模型、对数模型、半对数模型等函数形式分别进行分析,分析得出半对数模型的解释能力最强。通过运用半对数模型建立适用于上海市住宅市场的Hedonic模型,并分析影响住宅价格的因素及半弹性系数,同时进一步优化该Hedonic模型,以提高其精度及适用性。     

经济集聚、人口流动与住宅价格空间溢出效应研究

基于省级面板数据,利用空间计量模型考量经济集聚、人口流动和住宅价格间的空间溢出效应关系.结果发现:中国省际住宅价格间存在着显著的正向空间相关性,即某一地区住宅价格的波动会受到周边地区或经济特征类似地区住宅价格波动的影响;人口流动在经济集聚和房价的关系中发挥着中介作用;经济集聚与住宅价格在空间上存在着显著的相关关系,经济集聚不仅会推高集聚中心住宅价格,还会通过"虹吸效应"和"涓滴效应"对周边住宅价格产生影响,而经济集聚对周边住宅价格的影响取决于人口净流入率的大小.     

判断住宅市场价格走势的若干变量分析

本文着重从住宅市场供求关系分析影响住宅价格走势的各因素作用,提出改进房地产市场监测分析、完善货币政策操作的建议。本文通过计量模型的实证研究,得出以下结论：住宅市场供求关系是影响住宅价格的根本力量,其中土地价格、居民收入、人口因素是最主要的供求因素,货币政策对住宅价格的直接作用并不明显。     

高房价背后住房体制的透视

近期,最新的房价指数显示,中国各大中城市的房价均在不断上涨。面对不断攀升的住宅价格,许多老百姓已不再表示惊奇,只是更多了一份猜测,下一季又会是什么价格？正是这样的心态,形成了老百姓纷至沓来的购房潮,从而也再次涌现了众多售房部门彻夜排队购房的场景。     

大胆创新住房抵押贷款方式

在我国现时商品住宅价格与居民收入之间存在巨大反差的情况下，如何启动疲软的住宅市场，发展住宅建设，使之成为新的经济增长点．除了加大房改力度，清理各种不合理收费，提高住宅功能质量，改善售后物业管理服务等以外，加大金融对住宅市场的渗透，巧妙地运用金融手段．大胆地创新和借鉴国外住宅抵押贷款方式，刺激居民购房消费能力，培育和发展住宅建设和住宅市场．是培育新经济增长点的重要一环。     

房价与住房信贷风险相关性分析及对策研究

首先基于供需理论简要分析目前可能引发住房价格波动的主要因素,然后用ARIMA模型对北京市商品住房价格指数进行预测分析,得出在未来半年内,北京市的住房价格指数将有小幅上升的趋势,在该结论的基础上从商业银行视角、开发商立场和个人住房价格模型以及抵押贷款理论角度进一步讨论上升的住房价格指数对住房抵押贷款信贷风险的影响机理,据此提出防范住房抵押信贷风险的对策和建议。     

MLP模型在房地产批量评估中的应用研究

第十三届全国人大常务委员会第三十一次会议通过《授权国务院在部分地区开展房地产税改革试点工作的决定(草案)》,这意味着房地产税改革进入实质性推进阶段。在此背景下,以批量评估为基础的房地产价值评估为房地产税的开征提供了技术支撑。本文运用人工神经网络中多层感知机(简称MLP)模型,以石家庄市长安区二手住宅为样本,进行实证研究,并将其结果与特征价格模型所得结果进行对比;同时,对裕华区二手住宅做以同样的实证分析。最终得出:相比经典特征价格模型,运用多层感知机模型得出的评估结果与真实交易值的误差更小,匹配度更优。     

基于特征价格模型的上海市二手房住宅价格研究

通过简要介绍特征价格法,构建特征价格模型用于实证研究上海市的住宅价格,进而从微观的角度得到住宅价格的影响因素,并应用SPSS软件进行回归分析,计算得出影响上海市二手房价的主要特征因素及其影响大小,并进行相关分析,最终获得上海市二手房住宅特征价格模型。     

房价泡沫在蔓延

虽然中国房地产价格泡沫依然是局部的，但是泡沫正在向更多的城市蔓延。我们复查的12个城市的购房资金成本／租金比率在2006年初依然略大于1，但这一比率比2005年初上升了11％，表明房地产的总体健康状况有所恶化。某些2005年初房价泡沫现象已经比较严重的城市（如杭州和上海）的购房资金成杉租金比率和月供／租金比率继续攀升，买房越来越不如租房。在购房资金成本／租金比率去年明显小于1的城市中，这一比率一年之内大幅上升（如北京、苏州、沈阳），大有“后来居上”之势，说明房地产“泡沫”正在向这些地区蔓延。前瞻地看，我们认为2006年政府出台全国性的新政策抑制房价上涨的可能性较小。按揭贷款利率将保持不变，政府可能力图加强现有税收政策的执行力度抑制短期炒作、鼓励自住，以期拉动相关消费。我们判断除了以上海为代表的长三角地区之外，2006年房地产价格仍将继续上涨。购房资金成杉租金比率和月供／租金比率将继续攀升。上海地区的住宅价格将继续下跌，而北京和珠三角地区房价仍将上涨。     

Distortions Resulting from Residential Land Use Controls in Metropolitan Areas

Residential land use controls in metropolitan areas are intended to and typically do restrict housing supply and inevitably raise housing prices. This paper estimates the effects of metropolitan area land use controls on housing prices, employing a remarkable data set compiled by Gyourko, Saiz and Summers. We embed the estimates in a four equation model that estimates the effects of the resulting high housing prices on metropolitan population, real incomes and employment.     

产业集聚对中国房地产价格影响的实证研究

中国房地产价格持续上涨的成因一直是学界研究的热点。产业集聚作为市场经济活动的必然现象,是否会对房地产价格产生影响?以中国35个大中城市2000~2016年的数据为样本,构建静态面板模型和动态面板模型实证检验产业集聚对房地产价格的影响。研究表明,产业集聚对房地产价格具有显著的正向影响;进一步研究发现,人口集聚和土地成本是产业集聚影响房地产价格的重要中介,即产业集聚能够通过人口集聚和土地价格上涨来推动房价上涨。基于研究结论,为保证我国房地产市场健康发展,应采取促进区域均衡协调发展、多渠道保障城市新流入人口住房和加快土地市场改革等政策措施。     

The impact of interest rates,income, and employment upon regional housing prices

The objective of this article is to identify important differences in the way new housing prices react to local and national economic factors. The study finds that regional housing prices react uniformly to certain national economic factors, such as mortgage rates. On the other hand, local factors such as population shifts, employment, and income trends often have a unique impact on housing prices. The study rejects the hypothesis of a single national housing market in favor of one that allows for broad national trends to be superimposed upon unique regional markets.     

Another Look at Effects of “Adults-Only” Age Restrictions on Housing Prices

This study reexamines the price effects of age restrictions on housing prices. Our data cover a period when the housing market is taking a steep downturn. We argue that, when housing prices are falling, seniors are more likely to avoid investing in housing for at least two reasons. First, seniors are relatively more sensitive to their immediate equity loss than younger homeowners, mainly due to the limited remaining lifetime over which they can afford to wait; second, age-restriction acts as a luxury good, with seniors not willing to pay for reduction in neighborhood uncertainty, eliminating buyer demand for this segment of the population. If this “larger demand loss” outweighs the positive externality of the reduction in neighborhood uncertainty during the market downturn, we would observe that age-restrictions reduce property values. Using data from Broward County, Florida for the years of 2005–2007, we find a significant discount in residential condominium prices due to age-restrictions. In particular, we find that imposing age-restriction on properties decreases housing prices by 17.9% during the period May 2005 to April 2006, while the discount is worse, 22.7%, during the later period May 2006 to May 2007.     

Population Structure and Housing Prices: Evidence from Chinese Provincial Panel Data

This study analyzes the relationship between the proportion of the economically active population aged 15–64 to total population and housing prices. A panel of 31 provinces in China from 2002 to 2014 is used in our analysis. We find empirical evidence that the impact of the population structure on housing-price growth increases as the population growth rates rise. This observation suggests that, to understand provincial housing price movements in China, one should consider the ratio of working-age population to total population in a province. The main policy implication is that Chinese policymakers need to ensure a moderated population growth to effectively promote stability in housing prices and the economy.     

我国商品房价格地区差异的分析及启示

近年来,随着房地产市场的快速发展,商品房价格持续快速上涨,房价成为政府和民众高度关注的一个问题。然而,商品房价格呈现明显的地区差异。文章以商品房价格运行理论为基础,分析了商品房价格的现状,通过建立商品房价格影响因素的实证模型分析地区差异的影响。提出在国家调控房地产市场和商品房价格的过程中,不仅局限于金融政策、财税政策、土地政策等,更要从根本上统筹安排,注重实施资源的均衡配置和差异化的调控政策,推进地区之间、城乡之间的一体化发展战略。     

Coastal development moratoria and housing prices

This article draws upon event study methodology typically employed in the field of empirical finance to explore the impact of a development moratorium on housing prices in Los Angeles County. Time-series analysis is employed to examine hedonic price-series, return-series, and cumulative returns for prototypical housing units by geographic location and housing type based on ex ante hypotheses about the relative impact of a coastal development moratorium on the market segments that these price and return data represent. In particular, housing prices, returns, and cumulative returns inside and outside the impacted area are examined as are the same measures for housing segmented by age and density. Housing prices in the impacted area experience a significant sustained increase of 6.8 percent and a 10.9 percent spike as of the event date relative to housing prices outside the area. Perhaps more convincing is a cumulative increase in relative returns of over 26 percent in the impacted area versus the inland area during the 22 months prior to the event date. The difference in returns is not significant after the event date. Consistent results are found for properties segmented by age and density. Application of this approach depends on the availability of large volumes of transactions to permit the construction of price-series and return-series in the market segments suggested by the research design.     

干得好不如嫁得好?——房价变动与居民婚姻观念研究

房价的快速上涨是近年来我国经济中的重要现象,对宏观经济增长乃至微观个人的观念与行为都产生了重大的影响,但尚未有研究系统考察房价变化对居民婚姻观念的影响。房价上涨反映了对未来预期的不确定性,这种不确定性势必会影响到人们对工作与婚姻的权衡。本文基于中国综合社会调查(CGSS)2010和2015年数据,详细考察了房价变动对人们在工作与婚姻之间权衡的影响,用人们对“干得好不如嫁得好”的看法来衡量工作与婚姻的权衡。研究结果表明,房价涨幅越高,居民对“干得好不如嫁得好”的认同感越高,且这种现象主要体现在女性群体中。异质性分析表明,女性、未婚女性、已婚女性、女性流动人口、城镇户籍女性以及拥有女儿数量越多的人在工作与婚姻的权衡中更倾向于通过婚姻来抵御未来预期不确定性产生的风险。房价上涨主要通过财富效应和预算约束效应对人们在工作与婚姻之间的权衡产生影响。     

Owner-Occupied Housing and the Composition of the Household Portfolio: The Case of France

This paper investigates the impact of housing demand on the composition of the optimal portfolios of homeowners in France, following the methodology developed by Flavin and Yamashita (NBER Working Paper 6389, 2002). We use historical data on housing prices and financial assets returns to estimate the mean return and covariance matrix of a set of assets including housing. We then calculate mean-variance efficient frontiers associated to various levels of the housing-to-net wealth ratio, corresponding to the average ratios observed for different age groups in the 1998 French Wealth Survey sample. Our numerical results fit the average portfolios in different age brackets quite well. Also, returns of housing and its covariance with the other assets indicate there is room in France for housing price derivatives.