Russian Sociology

A bstract . Russian sociology, while significant before the 1917 revolution and into the mid-1920s, was non-existent for a quarter of a century under Stalin. His death and subsequent political liberalization under Krushchev allowed sociology to re-emerge under the protective wing of economics. Curtailed by a "period of stagnation" during the Brezhnev reign, greater sociological freedom accompanied the Gorbachev glasnost period including access to Western sources and ideas previously "forbidden." Totalitarian history and structure has conditioned Russian sociology ; made it quite applied and wedded to social reform. Tatiana Zaslavskaia provided leadership for sociological endeavors during former Soviet years, and continues to do so. Her orientation and the reactions of her Novosibirsk State University colleagues to the ideas of various Western social theorists provide some insight into the state of contemporary Russian sociology.     

Economic Sociology

A bstract . Economic sociology covers the gray area between the disciplines of economics and sociology brings scholars from both disciplines together to communicate over topics of interest. This communication provides debate that stimulates and strengthens social theory , which in turn, allows for better policy recommendations. A major area for concern in the development of economic sociology has been the presence of economic imperialism combined with economic bubris , the effects of which could suffocate economic sociology. These phenomena arc examined along with the trends over the past twenty years in the development of economic sociology and the relative impact that "economic sociologists" from both disciplines are having on their respective fields. Observing these trends will allow for an analysis of the developments in economic sociology and a assessment of where It is going in the future.     

Economic Sociology Reformulated

A bstract Previous theoretical and empirical research on economic sociology leaves much to be desired in terms of consistently defining the agenda and objectives of the discipline As a result, economic sociology often appears to lack a clearly defined mission and purpose This is epitomized by various failures to establish adequate epistemological relations of the proper realm of economic sociology with those of economics and sociology, and especially with the domain of rational choice theory This failure is compounded by a misplaced distinction between the subject matter of economic sociology and that of sociological economics, or socioeconomics And some recent works in the discipline (including the ambitious Handbook of Economic Sociology ) have not helped to remedy this situation In this paper, we try to address this situation by suggesting some reformulations of the subject matter of economic sociology in relation to those of related disciplines In addition, we attempt to redefine the field of the sociology of the market which is seen as the focal specialty of economic sociology     

Fiscal Sociology: What For?

In discussing the question, Fiscal sociology: What for? we shall first give a short sketch of the history of thought of the field. We will next identify main issues. In discussing the concept of the tax state, we emphasize issues in constitutional public finance. One of the fields in which fiscal sociology has been most important is taxation, and notably income taxation. In citing applications and issues, we identify an entire alphabet of fiscal sociological issues. We conclude by discussing the future of the field in both instruction and research.     

Economic Sociology in Retrospect and Prospect

A bstract Theory and research in the field of economic sociology have seen steady advancements in recent years. Economic sociology has become a legitimate branch of sociology as well as of economics. Nonetheless, the treatment of economic sociology in both modern economics and sociology leaves much to be desired. Various formal-terminological confusions and theoretical-substantive misconceptions are still present in the field. The present article advances some proposals for remedying this situation. In particular, it provides clarifications of and amendments to the current treatment of issues, such as the relationship between economics and sociology, the character of economic sociology, its links to economic theory, socio-economics, and rational choice theory, as well as the question of the old versus the new economic sociology. Special emphasis is placed on the relationships between economic sociology and rational choice theory, given the latter's claims to universality. It is hoped that the article will thereby redress certain inconsistencies found in some previous treatments of economic sociology as well as stimulate further refinements.     

Assessing the New Synthesis of Economics and Sociology

A bstract In this essay, the emergence of the New Synthesis of economics and sociology is explored and analyzed in the context of the classical writings in economic sociology (Old Synthesis). The aim is not to provide an exhaustive survey, but rather a selective assessment that introduces readers to the most important questions, answers, and contributions of this emerging and important specialized literature. The essay seeks to i) translate faithfully the internal logic of this active specialty field into a language and problematic that can be appreciated by non-specialists, ii) identify central assumptions and themes in the New Synthesis writings that seem particularly promising for the appreciation of contemporary economic happenings, and iii) indicate opportunities for the development of further theoretical richness by incorporating Old Synthesis approaches.     

水战争

从政府到企业,都必须正视水资源的短缺和污染这两大现实,并制订出相应的区域、产业与企业发展战略     

战争分析(英文)

本文首先从历史和灾难这两方面阐述了战争的性质。然后讨论了未来战争发生的潜在原因。最后做出总结,战争是人类社会组织必不可少的一部分,它永不会消除。     

Gulf War Reparations

Abstract . On February 27, 1991, the government of Iraq accepted United Nations Security Council Resolution 674, a measure requiring it to pay reparations to the victims of its aggression in the Gulf Crisis of 1990–1991. The economic problems and consequences that may result as Iraq faces the provisions of Resolution 674 are discussed. This latest example of international economic compensation is placed in the context of the transfer problem and the economic debate engendered by the experience of Germany in dealing with its reparations burden after World War I. Lessons gained from this historical example of reparations are then applied to the case of Iraq, one of the world's major petroleum producers, a country that must rely on oil exports to make its reparations payments.     

试析中国性社会学的发展

"性"在中国一直是一个讳莫如深的领域,中国的性社会学较之其他社会学研究起步要晚,但是通过努力,我国的性社会学已经开始发展起来,并取得了一定的成果。但我国性社会学方面的研究无论是深度还是广度还没有达到理想的水平,需要社会学者进一步的突破。     

Sociology,history, and the abstract perspective

Our discussion is initiated as a response to the claim that sociologists should become “more historical” in their orientations. The issues are old, but every generation frames its own response. Our response is developed by appeal to intuitive convictions arising out of experience with mathematical models of social phenomena. We make a distinction between historical and sociological processes at a metaphysical level; that is, these two types of processes exemplify different categories of existence. Next we make this point of view concrete by using the idea of a model of social mobility as an example. The discussion then centers on problems related to the search for general laws. We frame a “fallacy of misplaced generality” and against this background discuss how the idea of scope conditions, used in conjunction with formal models, leads to a method for coping with the difficulties inherent in the effort to frame general sociological theories.     

论教育社会学研究方法体系的构成

教育社会学方法体系由教育社会学方法论系统和教育社会学具体方法系统组成。教育社会学方法论系统包括哲学方法论、社会科学一般方法论和教育社会学学科方法论三个层次;教育社会学具体方法系统包括理论研究方法、实践研究方法和文献研究方法。