父母教养方式对五年级小学生攻击行为的影响——情绪管理能力的中介作用

目的:了解父母教养方式、情绪管理能力和攻击行为之间的关系以及情绪管理能力在其中的中介作用,为改善小学生攻击行为提供参考依据。方法:采用问卷法调查了江苏省390名五年级小学生,采用量表测评父母教养方式、情绪管理能力和攻击行为。结果:父母惩罚严厉、父母拒绝否认、父亲过度保护、父亲过分干涉、母亲过分干涉保护与小学生攻击行为具有正性关联,而父亲情感温暖理解与攻击行为具有负向关联。情绪管理能力在父母教养方式对五年级小学生攻击行为的影响中起部分中介作用,中介效应占总效应的46.38%。结论:情绪管理能力在父母教养方式和攻击行为之间起部分中介作用,积极的父母教养方式有利于减少小学生攻击行为的发生。     

高中生父母教养方式、共情能力和亲社会行为的关系研究

目的:旨在讨论高中生父母教养方式、共情能力和亲社会行为之间的关系.方法:采用《父母教养方式问卷》、《亲社会行为问卷》和《人际反应指针量表》对山东省内600名高中生进行了测量.结果:(1)不同高中生的共情能力在性别方面存在显著差异(t=-4.44,p<0.01),亲社会行为在生源方面存在显著差异(t=-1.96,p<0.05)(2)父母教养方式、共情能力和亲社会行为及其6个维度均呈显著正相关;父母教养方式与共情能力呈显著相关,且家庭教养方式的信任鼓励和情感温暖维度与共情能力呈显著正相关,忽视维度与共情能力呈显著负相关;(3)共情能力在父母教养方式的信任鼓励维度和亲社会行为之间存在完全中介作用;在情感温暖维度和亲社会行为之间存在部分中介作用,并且此维度可以解释43.9%亲社会行为的变异.结论:高中生共情能力存在显著的性别差异,亲社会行为存在显著生源差异,共情能力在父母教养方式和亲社会行为之间存在中介效应.     

父母教养方式相关研究文献综述

父母教养方式是影响孩子成长的重要因素之一.20世纪三四十年代以来教养方式成为发展心理学最重要且最受重视的研究领域之一,尤其是大学生心理健康与自尊更是心理学家非常关注的领域.对父母教养方式的定义、维度、类型及评价量表进行了综述,并对教养方式与大学生心理健康、自尊的新近研究进行了整理和总结,试图使读者对父母教养方式有一个较系统的了解.     

中职学生网络成瘾与家庭教养方式的关系探究

本次研究以分层抽样的方式在云南省临沧市卫生学校、市职业技术学校、市财校、市农校四所学校抽取研究被试640人。用自编人口学变调查表、白羽编制的《中文网络成瘾量表修订版》(CIAS)、父母教养方式量表(EMBU)对其进行测量。了解中职生网络成瘾状况,探索家庭教养方式和网络成瘾的关系。     

中学生自信心与家庭教养方式关系的研究

本文首先介绍了自信心与家庭教养方式的定义,并对几种不同类型家庭教养方式中子女的自信程度进行了分析与研究,论述不同家庭教养方式对中学生自信心的影响,进而提出了在不同的家庭教育中培养子女自信心的方法。     

领导为何不公？领导不公行为的形成机理

领导不公行为是领导者违背公平准则的行为表现,对员工心理及行为的影响不容忽视。已有组织公平的研究广泛证实了领导不公行为对组织所造成的严重后果,但对领导不公行为的前因缺乏系统性的认知。为了全面系统地呈现领导不公行为形成的内在逻辑,通过对相关文献的梳理,本文阐述了领导不公行为的内涵,对领导不公行为的相似构念进行了辨析,从道德正义理论、社会交换理论、态度功能理论、攻击性社会交互理论、自我损耗理论、自我概念维持理论的视角回顾了领导不公行为形成的理论解释,将领导不公行为归纳为不知而为的无意识不公以及知之而为的有意识不公两种基本模式。最后,从权威的视角切入,基于信息加工理论描述了领导者做出不公行为的信息加工过程,从自动化加工和系统化加工两方面详细讨论了领导不公行为的差异化形成机理,发展了一个形成机理模型。研究有助于推动领导不公行为的理论构建,为管理者做出有效的管理策略来减少领导不公行为提供实践启示。     

什么导致了女性职业晋升障碍？一个基于多理论视角的整合模型

性别差距过大影响社会稳定和发展。女性职位晋升差距作为性别差距的重要表现受到了学术界的持续关注。本研究从理论视角和研究层面两个角度,系统梳理了国内外相关研究,将影响女性职位晋升的因素归纳为性别偏见、工作-家庭以及人力资本/社会资本三个理论视角,并从社会、组织和个体三个层面总结了不同理论视角下的影响因素,建立了影响女性职业晋升的因素和对策的多层次整合模型。在此基础上,提出了未来研究的几个方向。本文在理论上有助于研究者系统地了解影响女性职业晋升的因素以及这些因素在社会、组织和个体层面的具体表现;在实践方面有助于为社会和组织综合多方面因素制定联动政策,进而缩小职业晋升的性别差距。该研究也为女性自身克服社会、组织因素和自身的心理障碍的影响提供启发。     

家庭教养方式对青少年犯罪的影响

家庭是儿童社会化最重要的场所,也是青少年的价值观形成和行为规范习得的基础环境。父母教养方式是影响青少年成长的重要因素。近年来青少年犯罪率持续上升,探讨犯罪青少年的家庭教养方式对改善父母教养方式,发挥家庭教育功能,预防青少年犯罪和改造犯罪青少年具有重大现实意义。     

农村父亲参与幼儿教养困境及建议

父母对于幼儿的身心发展具有重要作用,其中父亲作为教养角色经常被忽略.父亲对幼儿各方面的发展都有独特的影响力,这是母亲所不能替代的.而在农村多数家庭的幼儿教养中,父亲经常角色性缺失,这不利于幼儿的身心健康发展.本研究从父亲参与幼儿教养的特点、 现状、 影响因素等方面进行分析,最后为更好的促进农村父亲参与幼儿教养提出建议.     

从“好士兵”到“坏苹果”:组织中道德许可研究述评

随着研究者对员工非伦理行为的关注,用道德许可来解读员工非伦理行为成为近几年组织管理研究的一个新兴研究主题.组织中的道德许可指的是员工因过去或未来工作中的行为,而允许自己减少工作中的伦理行为或增加工作中的非伦理行为.在文献梳理的基础上,本文回顾并评价了道德许可的概念发展、测量方法、与相似概念的异同和理论基础,重点分析了道德许可在组织管理的现有研究,包括前因、结果和调节变量.未来研究可以从以下几个方面拓展道德许可在管理领域的研究:开发中国情境下道德许可的测量量表、探索组织或团队层面的跨层作用、探讨组织情境的调节作用、丰富道德许可对道德存疑行为作用的研究以及研究个体特征和情境对许可路径的影响.     

Building effective organizations: transformational leadership,collectivist orientation,work-related attitudes and withdrawal behaviours in three emerging economies

Abstract

Previous cross-cultural research on transformational leadership has focused mainly on replicating the augmentation effects of transformational leadership over transactional leadership on followers’ attitudes and behaviours. Relatively few studies have systematically examined cultural impacts in moderating the influence of transformational leadership on work-related outcomes taking a cross-cultural perspective. Using a field survey of 577 employees from banking and financial sectors in three emerging economies, namely: China, India and Kenya, we examined the moderating effect of collectivism on the relationships between transformational leadership, work-related attitudes and perceptions of withdrawal behaviours. Our results found support for the moderating effect of collectivism on the relationship between transformational leadership and work-related outcomes, such as facets of job satisfaction, organizational commitment and perceptions of organizational withdrawal behaviours. In addition, our results lend support to the view that transformational leadership might be effective across cultures. The implications of these findings for future research on transformational leadership and cross-cultural research are discussed.     

Examining the influence of servant and entrepreneurial leadership on the work outcomes of employees in social enterprises

Abstract

The present study examines the relative influence of two distinct leadership styles, servant leadership and entrepreneurial leadership, on the organizational commitment and innovative behavior of employees working in social enterprises. Analyzing data from 169 employees and 42 social entrepreneurs, we found that, although servant leadership was positively related to followers’ organizational commitment, the relationship between entrepreneurial leadership and organizational commitment was insignificant. In contrast, whilst we found evidence that entrepreneurial leadership was positively related to followers’ innovative behavior, the relationship between servant leadership and employees’ innovative behavior was insignificant. Our research contributes to the underdeveloped literature on leadership in social enterprises by exploring the relative effectiveness of different leadership styles (namely an entrepreneurial leadership style and a servant leadership style) in promoting follower work attitudes and behaviors in social enterprises. In addition, our research demonstrates the importance of leadership over and above followers’ individual differences such as pro-social motivation and creative self-efficacy.     

The Comparative Influences of Transformational Leadership and Leader–Member Exchange on Follower Engagement

Scholars of transformational leadership and leader–member exchange (LMX) have argued that leaders are able to positively influence the job attitudes and behaviors of followers by different means. Whereas transformational leadership focuses on the leaders’ ability to transform followers through a global inspiring vision that encourages positive change among all employees, LMX highlights the importance of the leaders’ unique relationships with followers as the driver of positive attitudes and behaviors. Using field data gathered from 280 full‐time employees, the current research compared the influence of these two leadership styles on follower engagement. The results suggested that rather than the influence derived from inspirational leadership behaviors, it is employees’ unique relationship with their leader that creates follower engagement. Additionally, the results indicated that follower engagement mediates the relationship between leadership and key employee outcomes (i.e., organizational citizenship behavior [OCB] and employee turnover intentions). Implications to theory and practice are discussed.     

The role of line managers in employee career management: an attachment theory perspective

Line managers increasingly play a key role in organizational career development systems, yet few studies have examined the nature of this role or its implications for employee career attitudes and behaviors. In two studies, we used attachment theory to explore this issue. In Study 1, in-depth interviews (N = 20) showed that employees viewed career management as a relational process in which line managers are expected to act as ‘caregiver’ to support individualized career development. Study 2 was a large-scale international survey (N = 891). Participants scoring higher on attachment avoidance in their line manager relationships reported more negative perceptions of career growth opportunities, lower participation in organizational career development activities and higher turnover intentions. Trust in the organization partially mediated the relationship. Theoretical and practical implications for HRM are discussed.     

复杂环境下员工主动性行为及其驱动研究

复杂环境下的员工主动性行为正成为管理学者关注的新焦点。本文在介绍员工主动性行为概念与结构维度的基础上,剖析了员工主动性行为对于复杂环境下的组织的重要价值,并结合所提出的员工主动性行为驱动的整合模型,详细分析了个体特征、组织背景以及个体内部认知——情感因素对于员工主动性行为的驱动机制。最后指出了员工主动性行为的未来研究方向。     

团队中“投桃报李”的交换关系如何影响员工创新?——职场精神力与集体主义倾向的作用

创新是企业乃至国家兴旺发达的不竭动力,团队成员作为组织中员工交互最为频繁的社会交换关系,对员工创新极大产生影响。基于社会认同理论,构建一个有调节的中介模型,探究团队成员交换对员工创新行为的作用机制。运用SPSS 23.0和Amos 22.0对412份问卷进行分析,研究发现,团队成员交换以职场精神力为部分中介正向影响了员工创新行为,其中,集体主义倾向在上述关系中起到了调节作用,即员工集体主义倾向越高,团队成员交换对职场精神力的影响越大,从而对创新行为影响越大。研究结论在理论与实践上为组织创新管理和团队管理提供了重要的启示。     

About and beyond leading uniqueness and belongingness: A systematic review of inclusive leadership research

The purpose of this systematic review of 107 papers is to address the conceptual confusion about what inclusive leadership (IL) behavior entails and understand the theoretical development of IL. Synthesizing the divergent conceptualizations of inclusive leader behaviors, we propose a multi-level (i.e., employee, team, organizational) model of IL behavior consisting of four dimensions namely, fostering employee's uniqueness (e.g., promoting diversity); strengthening belongingness within a team (e.g., building relationships); showing appreciation (e.g., recognizing efforts and contributions); and supporting organizational efforts (e.g., promoting organizational mission on inclusion). Further, we provide a summary of studied variables as a nomological network in relation to inclusive leadership and an overview of the different theories (e.g., social exchange, intrinsic motivation) supporting the respective relationships and explaining the underlying mechanisms (e.g., reciprocity, motivation). We propose future research to empirically test the multi-level model of IL and examine the predictive value in terms of employee and organizational outcomes.     

HR practices,organizational climate and employee outcomes: evaluating social exchange relationships in local government

This paper reports the findings of a study conducted on UK local government workers in which the effects of social and negative exchanges on work-related attitudes and behaviours were assessed. HR practices and organizational climate were used as measures of social exchange. Negative exchanges were based on measures capturing non-supportive management practice and unfair treatment. The findings suggest that, consistent with social exchange theory, positive exchanges lead to enhanced worker attitude and behaviour, with negative exchanges leading to increased work-related stress, reduced motivation and a greater propensity to quit. Negative exchanges, however, did not result in reduced discretionary behaviour. Disaggregating the exchange practices revealed equitable rewards and organizational morale had consistent effects on worker attitudes and behaviours, with team working, employee involvement and trust in managers having significant effects on employee motivation. The implications of these findings are considered in the concluding section of the paper.     

Women directors contribution to organizational innovation: A behavioral approach

This paper aims to analyze the relationships between women directors (a demographic characteristic) and organizational innovation (a predictor of firm performance) by considering the mediating role of the board’s decision-making culture. To scrutinize board processes and behaviors, we use survey data to test our hypotheses on a sample of 341 Norwegian firms. The results suggest that women directors contribute positively and significantly to organizational innovation. Furthermore, the positive relationship between women directors and the level of organizational innovation is mediated by some decision-making culture dimensions: the degree of cognitive conflict and the degree of preparation and involvement during board meetings. Implications for theory and practice and future research directions are discussed.     

Human Resource Management Practices and Trust in Public Organizations

Abstract

Trust has been acknowledged as a valuable managerial resource within organizations. Working as a lubricant of organizational functioning, trust reduces opportunistic behaviours while it increases voluntary compliance to organizational norms and rules as well as enhancing individual and organizational performance. Considering the importance of trust, it is worthwhile to explore what factors may help build trust within organizations. This research investigates whether perceptions of several human resource management (HRM) practices are associated with trust in government organizations. According to social exchange theory, HRM practices signal management's commitment to employees which in turn leads to greater trust in the organization. Using data from an employee survey conducted for the Georgia Department of Transportation in 2007, this research tests how employee perceptions of HRM practices are related to trust in three distinct levels of management in a large department of state government: trust in department leadership, trust in one's leadership team, and trust in one's supervisor. Binary logit analyses suggest that perceptions of HRM practices focusing on autonomy, compensation, communication, performance appraisal, and career development are associated with trust in public organizations. According to the result, those practices present variation in their leverage on trust in leadership at different levels.