Financial development,portfolio investments and the real economy in Africa

According to the conservative view, capital flows enhance economic growth. Focussing on Africa’s real economy, this study investigates the linkage between portfolio investments and real sector growth, and whether financial sector development strengthens this association. The study covers 30 countries over the period 1990–2017. We adopt the Lewbel instrumental variable general method of moments (IV-GMM) two-step robust estimator, which relies on heteroscedasticity for identification, while dealing with instrument insufficiency, unavailability, endogeneity and omitted variable bias. We found that portfolio equity has no growth impact on Africa’s real sector. Debt flows deter the growth of the overall real sector as well as the manufacturing and industrial sectors, but have no impact on agriculture and service growth. We found that financial development does strengthen the positive association between capital flows and economic growth, but this is dependent on the type of sector and portfolio investment, as well as on the degree of financial development. We control for known determinants of economic growth.     

Global finance,sovereign risk and economic performance of Brazil

This paper examines the impact of globalized financial markets on domestic economic policymaking and, ultimately, on economic sovereignty. It argues that the development of dollar-denominated Brady bonds, eurobonds, and global bonds issued by Latin sovereigns opened a new venue for foreign capital to participate in economic affairs of these countries. A natural outcome of the globalization of Brazil’s financial markets has been the increased vulnerability of the Brazilian economy to contagion from financial crises in other troubled markets of the globe. This paper focuses on how the contagion channel compromised domestic economic policymaking and affected the real sector of the Brazilian economy. It offers the first analytical attempt at estimating the real cost of contagion by investigating the impact of the Russian and the Argentine crises on Brazil’s output and production.     

中国房地产业的泡沫分析

从1991年开始我国经济进入了一个高速、平稳增长的周期,在1998年2002年,以住宅建设为主的房地产业,在抵消亚洲金融危机影响、推动国民经济增长方面起到了积极的作用.但同时房地产业的兴起也引起了房屋价格的持续上升,尽管国家出台了旨在抑制投资的宏观调控政策,且效果已经显现,但房产价格与土地价格仍然继续上涨,且各地差异较大,部分地区出现了经济泡沫现象.到底应该如何判断中国房地产市场中的泡沫现象,本文将从概念分析入手,结合反映中国房地产市场表现的一些指标进行对比,对目前的房地产市场进行一些判断和分析.     

Understanding the consequences of diversification on financial stability

In this paper, we study the consequences of diversification on financial stability and social welfare using an agent based model that couples the real economy and a financial system. We validate the model against its ability to reproduce several stylized facts reported in real economies. We find that the risk of an isolated bank failure (i.e. idiosyncratic risk) is decreasing with diversification. In contrast, the probability of joint failures (i.e. systemic risk) is increasing with diversification which results in more downturns in the real sector. Additionally, we find that the system displays a “robust yet fragile” behaviour particularly for low diversification. Moreover, we study the impact of introducing preferential attachment into the lending relationships between banks and firms. Finally, we show that a regulatory policy that promotes bank–firm credit transactions that reduce similarity between banks can improve financial stability whilst permitting diversification.

     

基于自回归模型的金砖国家金融发展对实体经济的影响研究

为了研究金融市场发展对实体经济增长的影响,运用广义矩阵方法和扩展的内生增长模型对金融市场指标的有效性进行评估研究。研究发现,金砖国家私营信贷部门的信贷水平和资本深度有助于提高实体经济的增长水平。实体经济的增长对金融发展的依赖性较大,两者之间具有正相关性。     

Bank competition,financial development and macroeconomic stability: Empirical evidence from emerging economies

In this study, we investigate the potential contribution of bank competition to macroeconomic stability, and the interactive role of financial development. We classify macroeconomic stability into economic and financial stability. Economic stability is represented by the volatility of actual and unexpected output growth, whereas financial stability is assessed by the aggregate Z-score and volatility of the private credit-to-gross domestic product ratio. We employ two structural and two non-structural measures of bank competition in our analysis. Applying a two-step dynamic panel system (GMM) to macroeconomic data from 48 developing nations from 1999 to 2018, we find a bell-shaped relationship between bank competition and macroeconomic stability. The findings imply that a higher level of bank competition promotes macroeconomic stability by reducing output growth volatility, fluctuations in private credit, and the probability of bank default. There is an optimal level of bank competition beyond which it may foster economic and financial instability. Moreover, financial development enhances bank competition’s positive impact on macroeconomic stability.     

The role of financial development on the underground economy in regards to Europe’s 2020 strategy

This paper attempts to investigate the relationships between development in the financial sector and the size of the underground economy in European Union countries. Our aim is to investigate the role of financial sector development when it comes to the size of the underground economy, as well as how financial development aids in meeting the growth objectives of the ‘Europe 2020 Strategy’. Panel data analysis will be conducted for the period 2004–2017 in order to examine the effects of financial sector development on the size of the underground economy. The main findings of this paper suggest that financial development has a significantly reducing effect on the size of the underground economy. In conclusion, development within the financial sector significantly lessens underground economic activity in the European Union. With further development of the financial sector, underground economies will not be an obstacle for the fulfilment of the cohesion and growth objectives of the Europe 2020 strategy.     

金融危机下青岛国际物流发展

由美国次贷危机引发的全球金融危机对我国实体经济带来较大冲击。青岛作为一个外向型经济特征十分明显的沿海开放城市,实体经济受国际金融危机的影响相对较早,感受也较深。从这次金融危机的产生原因来总结出青岛国际物流业应避免的类似问题,对将来国际物流业的发展敲响了警钟。通过分析全球金融危机对青岛国际物流业的影响提出了在金融危机下青岛物流业的应对策略和建议。     

Interactions between financial constraints and economic growth

The financial economy and the real economy are interconnected through various, complex, and evolving transmission mechanisms, whose literary coverage is far from comprehensive. In this context, we wish to contribute to the literature on the interactions between financial constraints and economic growth. We introduce financial dynamics in the R&D-based growth literature, by bringing Bernanke, Gertler and Gilchrist’s (1999) informational asymmetries into Romer’s (1990) growth model. With the developed framework, our main goal is to examine if and how such asymmetries impact economic growth. We find that the overall impact of this form of financial constraints on long-term growth is negative.     

全球金融危机对中国物流行业的影响及对策研究

由2007年美国次贷危机导致的全球性金融危机,并逐步向实体经济渗透,引发了全球性的经济危机。这次全球金融危机对我国快速发展的物流业的影响很大,由于现在金融危机致使全球经济不景气而对物流产业产生的负面影响和从这次金融危机的产生原因来总结出我国物流产业应怎样避免类似的问题,对将来物流业的发展敲响了警钟。文中根据官方及行业协会提供的大量资料,结合深入的市场调查,分析了当前金融危机对物流行业的影响,并对未来中国物流行业发展的整体环境及发展趋势进行探讨和研究,在分析、预测的基础上,制定了物流行业今后的发展策略。     

Economic policy uncertainty,investor sentiment and financial stability—an empirical study based on the time varying parameter-vector autoregression model

This paper applies the time varying parameter-vector autoregression model to explore the dynamic relationship between economic policy uncertainty, investor sentiment and financial stability in China in different periods and at different time points. The empirical results show that economic policy uncertainty has an obvious negative impact on investor sentiment before 2012 and financial stability in the short term, and the influence of economic policy uncertainty on investor sentiment is greater than that of economic policy uncertainty on financial stability. These influences were more significant during the period of the global financial crisis in 2008. Moreover, investor sentiment had a positive and gradually increasing effect on financial stability, while after 2010, the positive impact gradually weakened. Furthermore, economic policy uncertainty is negatively affected by financial stability, and the effect of financial stability on investor sentiment is positive. In terms of mediating effects, economic policy uncertainty has an indirect impact on financial stability through investor sentiment and vice versa. This paper provides a new solution to economic problems explored in behavioral finance research. Additionally, Chinese government agencies can achieve the goal of preventing financial crises and maintaining financial stability by monitoring investor sentiment and implementing targeted economic policies.

     

金融危机对我国物流托盘行业的冲击与应对策略

在全球金融危机尚未见底、国内外实体经济发展明显放缓的形势下．支撑物流产业健康发展的托盘行业不可避免地受到较大影响。文章根据当前国内外经济发展形势，分析了全球金融危机和实体经济衰退对托盘行业的冲击．认为市场需求萎缩是托盘行业当前面临的最大难题，并根据托盘行业自身发展的特点，提出了托盘企业走出困境的应对策略。     

中国生产性服务业与现代工业关系实证研究

近年来,中国工业一直占据着第二产业近85%的比例,它在国民经济的高速增长中占有特别重要的地位。而工业增长中服务业,特别是生产性服务业的贡献越来越大。本文采用VEC模型对中国生产性服务业与现代工业之间的关系进行了研究。研究结果表明,无论是从长期均衡关系来看,还是从短期波动角度看,生产性服务业中交通运输、仓储和邮政、房地产、金融业产值增长对中国现代工业都有不同程度的影响。另外,中国现代工业变化既具有较大的短期波动惯性,又具有一定的基于长期均衡关系的反向调节能力。     

行业生产率、行业发展速度和行业收入增长——基于SVAR模型的研究

运用结构向量自回归(SVAR)模型,对中国1978年至2009年农业、制造业、金融业收入增长的内在机制进行研究,结果表明:农业收入对生产率和发展速度冲击的反应是发散式反馈效应,生产率与农业发展速度的变化导致农业收入有一个较小且短期的收入增长,之后农业收入出现大幅度的波动;制造业收入对生产率和发展速度冲击的反应是一个收敛式反馈效应,制造业生产率与发展速度可以稳定地长期地提高制造业收入水平;金融业生产率与行业发展速度引起行业收入长期大幅度的波动,金融衍生工具可以在一定程度上克服波动的负面影响。     

Does economic liberalization promote economic growth in Pakistan? An empirical analysis

The study aims to examine the short and long term impacts of economic liberalization on economic growth in case of Pakistan from 1971 to 2011. Economic liberalization consists of reforms in both trade liberalization and financial liberalization. This study contributes to the existing literature by constructing an economic liberalization index using principal component analysis. Our results show, firstly, that economic liberalization reforms have a positive impact on economic growth in the short run. However, trade liberalization is negatively associated with economic growth in the long-run. Secondly, the estimated coefficients through rolling window show that impact of economic liberalization on real GDP is unstable during the selected period of sample. This study recommends to policy makers to enhance human capital by having more expenditure on education sector. In addition, financial reforms by way of a sectoral credit allocation should be introduced to further promote the economic growth.     

产融结合的区域经济联动分析

从东西方政治经济学解析金融体系与产业经济的影响，具体是区域地理大发现和现代产业经济革命的渊源，以及世界上最早的宋朝纸币货币发展历史追溯，揭示现代金融学的产业渊源。并且通过1997年亚洲金融危机和美国次贷危机对我国经济的影响，阐述世界金融和货币体系对实体经济的影响，尤其是产业龙头、产业七寸和产业配套的产业链条的市场销售额的时间序列分析、销售额分析、带动力分析。从市场和价格两个角度剖析扩大内需和协调外贸市场对经济的改善作用，通过发展交通、扩大物流实现区域经济联动，使区域经济和产融结合。     

IFRS,financial development and income inequality: An empirical study using mediation analysis

Income inequality continues to be an issue of concern. Early work on economic development suggested that, as a country’s economy grows, incomes would rise and reduce any income disparities. However, there is growing evidence that as countries develop, income inequality actually worsens. Some studies argue that this is the result of financial development and the growth of the financial sector. Although there is a good deal of empirical research on the relationship between financial development and income inequality, there is no prior work that examines how accounting standards, in particular International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), might influence this relationship. This study examines the relationship of IFRS and financial development with income inequality using mediation analysis over the period from 1998 to 2018. The results indicate that the impact of IFRS on income inequality is mediated by financial development. Moreover, there is a direct relationship between IFRS and inequality.     

金融发展、金融市场化与实体经济资本配置效率

在对Wurgler的资本配置效率估算模型进行修正的基础上,实证检验了我国金融发展和金融市场化水平对实体经济资本配置效率的影响,研究表明：金融市场化显著优化了我国实体经济资本的配置,而我国以银行信贷为主体的金融体系的发展虽然促进了实体经济资本配置效率的提高,但效果不明显。研究还发现：在所引入的控制变量中,经济发展水平对资本配置效率的影响显著较大。进一步分区域回归结果显示,经济越发达的地区,金融市场化程度越高,其优化作用越显著,但随着地区经济发展,经济发展水平自身对资本配置的优化作用在减弱。     

中国数字经济规模测度与生产率分析

研究目标:考察中国数字经济的规模与结构特征,分析数字要素对中国经济生产率的影响及其变化趋势。研究方法:基于投入产出序列表数据,结合数字经济内涵、信息经济理论及增长核算方法,建立数字经济规模和全要素生产率测算框架进行分析。研究发现:近年来,中国数字经济规模年均实际增长率高达11.24%,已经成为支撑经济增长的重要推动力量;中国数字经济结构不断变化,数字融合部门增速高于数字替代部门,但二者均低于数字基础部门的增速;中国经济增速逐步放缓,而全要素生产率总体上行,数字资本在经济增长中的份额呈上升趋势。研究创新:提出包含三大效应的数字经济测度理论,将数字经济划分为基础部门、融合部门和替代部门,建立数字经济核算的方法框架,关注并考察了数字要素的增长效应。研究价值:有助于完善数字经济测度理论,为推动中国经济高质量发展提供依据。     

A functional perspective on financial networks

The financial sector is a critical component of any economic system, as it delivers key qualitative asset transformation services in terms of liquidity, maturity and volume. Although these functions could in principle be carried out separately by specialized actors, in the end it is their systemic co-evolution that determines how the aggregate economy performs and withstands disruptions. In this paper we argue that a functional perspective on financial intermediation can be usefully employed to investigate the functioning of financial networks. We do this in two steps. First, we use previously unreleased data to show that focusing on the economic functions performed over time by the different institutions exchanging funds in an interbank market can be informative, even if the underlying topological structure of their relations remains constant. Second, a set of alternative artificial histories are generated and stress-tested by using real data as a calibration base, with the aim of performing counterfactual welfare comparisons among different topological structures.