过度医疗的认定、成因及其对策研究

过度医疗是指医疗机构追求经济利益,使患者健康和财产权遭受不必要损害的行为.过度医疗对患者的生活和经济的发展带来严重的影响.本文主要从其认定、成因和救济途径等方面进行分析,以寻求有效的解决对策.     

过度医疗、预算约束与医疗行业激励性规制

过度医疗问题对我国社会经济发展产生了较大负面效应。本文将医疗供需双方的过度医疗行为纳入预算约束分析框架,并分析其内在逻辑和传递机制。结果表明:中国过度医疗问题的根源,首先在于医疗服务供方预算约束的硬化及其内部利益相关者的行为变化,由此产生医疗收入最大化动机。其次在于医疗服务需方能够实现预算约束的软化及其基础上的自由选择,由此产生医疗福利最大化动机。过度医疗问题的治理本质上为信息不对称条件下的委托—代理和机制设计问题。医疗行业的激励性规制是解决这一问题的突破口。     

管理者过度自信与企业并购行为的实证研究

基于企业理论和财务理论,本文从行为公司金融视角对我国上市公司管理者过度自信和企业并购行为之间的关系进行了实证检验。通过2006～2008年间沪、深两市上市公司并购行为的实证研究,发现管理者过度自信是企业并购行为的重要动力和原因,企业并购政策和管理者过度自信之间存在显著的正相关关系,过度自信企业实施的并购行为比非过度自信企业高20％左右;而内部治理结构和企业的并购决策之间不存在显著的相关关系。过度自信管理者相信自己是忠于股东的,但是却可能做出损害公司利益的决策;标准的激励合约无法解决这一问题。独立董事可能需要在项目评估和选择管理层方面发挥更为积极和有效的作用。     

从过度医疗看中国医疗保险付费方式的改革

新医改正在如火如荼地进行,国家在新医改中的投入也大幅度增加,但并没有让老百姓受益匪浅。在医疗服务领域,出现了越来越多的过度医疗现象,患者的权益得不到保障。本文试图从过度医疗产生的原因来探究医疗体制改革存在的缺陷,并对此提出其改革应关注的方向以及途径。     

“过度医疗”的制度根源与医生声誉激励机制

近年来,"看病贵"成为我国医疗服务中的突出问题,导致"看病贵"的一个直接推动因素是医疗服务中的"过度医疗"问题。医疗服务具有显著的信息不对称特征,在此背景下会形成医患之间合约谈判权的非对称分布,形成"权责不对等"的"委托困境"问题,从而引发"过度医疗"和医疗市场中"富人驱逐穷人"的现象。在此情况下,政府管制并不能改变医患之间合约谈判权的非对称分布格局,解决过度医疗问题的核心应该是建立以医生声誉激励机制为核心的制度体系。     

过度医疗的发展经济学分析

目的解决过度医疗的问题。方法运用发展经济学相关理论进行分析。结果与结论重讲穷人经济学,发展经济以实现医疗需求的合理释放才能破解过度医疗的瓶颈。     

借鉴“管理式医疗”机制,破解医疗体制改革困局

美国的"管理式医疗"机制在全球医疗保障领域独树一帜。"管理式医疗"的实质,在于医保机构从游离于医患关系之外的被动赔付者转变为介入医患关系之间的"第三方",通过一体化医疗服务网络、预期付费制度、医疗服务管理、健康管理等契约安排或管理手段,克服医患关系中的市场失灵,解决医疗费用和质量问题。要破解医疗体制改革的困局,从根本上缓解"看病贵、看病难"问题,我国需要在明确医保部门、卫生部门和医疗机构的分工定位,加强人才、软件、硬件三个方面的基础设施建设的基础上,借鉴"管理式医疗"的先进经验,完善医疗保障运行机制。     

基于过度自信理论的公司购并行为分析

基于过度自信理论，通过一简单模型对高管人员的过度自信如何影响公司购并行为和购并效率进行分析表明，高管人员的过度自信可部分地解释中国上市公司购并事件的频发以及购并效率的低下之原因。     

中国农村患者的医疗需求行为研究——来自三省农户调查的实证分析

基于甘肃、河南、广东三省18个县的实地调查数据,本文分别采用泊松回归模型、负二项分布回归模型和负二项分布栅栏模型对中国农村患者门诊和住院需求量选择进行了实证分析。实证结果发现,支付能力是制约农村患者尤其是低收入群体医疗需求的重要因素。医疗保险的覆盖有利于提高农村患者的门诊和住院消费。对于贫困患者而言,疾病史、行动障碍及自评健康水平对其医疗需求行为的影响与非贫困农户存在显著差异。     

医保支付方式对医疗行为的影响研究

不同医保制度体系及不同医保支付方式对医生、患者的医疗行为以及对医院提供医疗行为产生怎样的影响,是社会和学界普遍关注的问题.本文采用医院医保支付报销微观数据,利用统计和计量实证研究方法,从微观视角探究医保支付方式对医生、患者医疗行为以及对医院提供医疗行为的影响,研究发现医保支付方式对医生医疗行为的提供数量和质量具有显著影...     

Competition and physician-enabled demand: The role of managed care

Recent organizational changes in the health care sector promote greater patient participation in their treatment decisions. How physicians respond to patient-initiated requests for treatment is an issue of considerable policy interest. To study this phenomenon, we introduce the notion of physician-enabled demand and examine empirically whether this behavior responds to competitive pressures in the market and financial incentives associated with different physician payment mechanisms.We find that physician-enabled demand increases with more competition under fee-for-service reimbursement, but decreases with greater competition under managed care. This asymmetric response is quite consistent with our conceptual framework and at odds with alternative interpretations.     

A model to optimize investments in health technologies,quality of care and research

Funds for health technologies compete with funds for implementing health technologies as well as funds for conducting research to reduce uncertainty around treatment and implementation cost-effectiveness. No study has yet shown how to allocate a combined budget for health technologies, implementation and research. The purpose of this work was to present an allocation model with the goal to maximize health. Based on a constrained optimization formulation, we show that considering opportunities to invest in implementation and research may justify considerable disinvestment in health technologies. This may reduce the willingness to pay for new health technologies significantly.     

New evidence on factors affecting the level and growth of US health care spending

The dual problems of high and rising medical care expenditures and substantial differences in spending across geographic regions have long plagued the US health care system. We provide new evidence to explain why some states and regions of the country spend much more on medical care than others, and why health care spending for the nation as a whole has been growing rapidly over the last several decades. To do this, we estimate a health care spending panel data model using annual data on all 50 states for the period 1993–2009. Our model includes a number of socio-economic, health care provider, lifestyle and environmental variables that past studies indicate may affect the level or growth of aggregate health care spending. We exploit the time effect component of our model to obtain an upper-bound estimate of the effect of advances in medical technology. Our findings indicate that the most important factors influencing the level of spending are availability of providers, income, excessive alcohol consumption, Medicaid coverage, HMO health plans and the proportion of the population elderly and African-American. The principal drivers of growth have been the continual introduction of new medical technologies, and the growth of providers and income.     

Do Hispanic immigrants spend less on medical care? Implications of the Hispanic health paradox

ABSTRACT

The literature of the Hispanic heath paradox has found that in the U.S. Hispanic immigrants have better health than U.S. natives, even though they tend to have lower socioeconomic status. The main objective of the current study is to investigate whether Hispanic immigrants also use less medical care goods and services. Main contributions of the article include using a data set of older Americans from the Health and Retirement Study covering the period from 1992 to 2012 as well as using three new measures of health, rather than the more common use of morbidity or mortality. We estimate the impact of relevant factors including health, race, and immigrant status upon five different measures of healthcare usage. Even though Hispanic immigrants do have lower mean levels of most measures of healthcare usage, when controlling for other factors in our regressions we find some evidence of increased healthcare usage for Hispanic immigrants. Increased health care utilization may be one explanation for the Hispanic health paradox.     

Income-related inequalities of health and health care utilization

By utilizing the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) data, this paper examines the extent of deviations in terms of horizontal equity in the field of China’s health and medical community, i.e., that those in equal demand ought to be treated equally, and computes the contribution of income in health inequality and utilization inequality of health care. The main conclusions are: There is pro-rich inequality in health and utilization of health care; income contribution to inequality of health care utilization accounts for 0.13–0.2; insurance also enlarges the inequality of health care utilization; health inequality in rural area is larger than that of in urban area; and both rural and urban health inequality are increasing. From 1991 to 2006, income changes in urban districts and rural area account for 7.08% and 13.38% respectively of raising inequality of rural and urban health.     

Problems of elderly health care and welfare arrangement --Case study of demand on elder care in northeastern of Thailand

This research attempted to explain the problems of elderly health care, the problems and suggestion in elder welfare arrangement and the demand on elder care. The survey underlying this study was conducted in Muang district, Khon Kaen province, Thailand. Eighteen subdistricts were interviewed in the study area. Data were collected in two areas of Khon Kaen province, that are, the city of Khon Kaen and the outside Thesaban Nakhon Khon Kaen. The random sample consisted of 386 elders： 112 elders lived in the city of Khon Kaen and 234 elders lived outside Thesaban Nakhon Khon Kaen, Muang district, Khon Kaen. The analysis of the demand on elderly welfare gave an interesting result that the elders demanded on monthly income to support living cost and medical services at high level; The demand on housing was at low level; The demand on education, religion and culture the demand on club, sport and entertainment, and the demand on job and art were at the moderate level; The main problem of elderly welfare arrangement was the scarcity of budget support, the weakness of elder health, and activities announcement. The analysis of pattern of elder welfare： The case study of elder care identified that 31.87 percent of the elders had demand on elder care. Price of the elder care at 100 Baht per day was mostly selected about one-fourth of all the case occurred. Female elder selected the elder care at 100 Baht per day, while male elder choose at a higher price level, which were 200 Baht per day and 150 Baht per day respectively. The female elder care was the most popular. The elder care age between 30-39 years was mostly selected. Finally, most of elders purposed the working day of the elder care depend on their appointment.     

城镇低保户医疗服务利用和医疗保障制度设计对就医行为的影响——基于兰州、西宁和白银城镇家庭调查数据的分析

解决低保户看病难问题事关社会底线公平。文章基于2005年三个西北城市的17 690个样本对低保户就医问题展开实证研究,分析结果表明,由于中国医疗机构扭曲的激励机制和偏重住院报销的给付结构,低保户和非低保户两个群体都倾向于自己购药处理日常病患,而减少了门诊利用,经常面临生存危机的低保户由此拖延病情直至病情严重;个人账户既不能横向分散不同人群的疾病风险,也不能纵向分散个人在生命周期不同阶段的疾病风险;职工基本医疗保险能够显著增加中青年低保户对住院服务的利用,但对老龄低保户没有效果。     

The effectiveness of government spending on education and health care in developing and transition economies

Recent studies show that corruption is associated with higher military spending [Eur. J. Polit. Econ. 17 (2001) 794] and lower government spending on education and health care [J. Publ. Econ. 69 (1998) 263]. This suggests that policies aimed at reducing corruption may lead to changes in the composition of government outlays toward more productive spending. However, little empirical evidence has been presented to support the claim that public spending improves education and health indicators in developing and transition countries. This paper uses cross-sectional data for 50 such countries to show that increased public expenditure on education and health care is associated with improvements in both access to and attainment in schools, and reduces mortality rates for infants and children. The education regressions are robust to different specifications, but the relationship between health care spending and mortality rates is weaker.     

基于博弈论视角的新型农村合作医疗中供给诱导需求和供需合谋问题探析

利用贝叶斯博弈模型分析在新型农村合作医疗制度中医疗机构和农民之间的博弈,分析引发医疗服务供给诱导需求的原因,以及由于道德风险引发的医疗机构和农民之间的合谋,并且提出建立第三方购买机制等若干建议,以控制医疗费用不合理地快速增长.