韩国国有商业银行民营化的进程及启示

本文分析认为韩国国有商业银行的民营化大致经历了大型商业银行的民营化、专业银行的民营化、亚洲金融危机时期的先国有化后民营化以及借助外资力量进行民营化几个阶段。它给我们的启示是实体经济的发展需要金融深化;政府需要积极参与和引导;产权私有化不等于经营自主化;借助外资加速民营化的进程。     

论我国民营银行的开放

从我国民间资本发展的现状出发,分析了开放我国民营银行的必然性和可行性,并结合台湾地区银行民营化的实践,指出了我国民营银行在开放之初应在市场准入和银行退出机制方面有所借鉴,以促进民营银行稳健成长。     

Central Bank Credibility before and after the Crisis

A new measure of credibility is constructed as a function of the differential between observed inflation and some estimate of the inflation rate that the central bank targets. The target is assumed to be met flexibly. Credibility is calculated for a large group of both advanced and emerging countries from 1980 to 2014. Financial crises reduce central bank credibility and central banks with strong institutional feaures tend to do better when hit by a shock of the magnitude of the 2007-2008 financial crisis. The VIX, adopting an inflation target and central bank transparency, are the most reliable determinants of credibility. Similarly, real economic growth has a significant influence on central bank credibility even in inflation targeting economies.     

Bank performance and its determinants in Korea

In this study we develop a measure of bank performance based on the Malmquist index approach. This measure supplements existing financial ratios such as ROA and ROE by addressing some of limitations of these ratios. In our empirical investigation building upon the Malmquist index measure as well as the profitability ratios, we never find convincing evidence of economies of scale present in the Korean banking sector. It also appears that a certain type of ownership such as foreign international banks has the potential to significantly improve bank performance while the management control of government or foreign buyout funds has mainly unfavorable effects on bank performance.     

Financial Deregulation and the Bank Lending Channel in Developing Countries: The Case of Indonesia

The dominant role of commercial banks as a source of finance and the considerable asymmetry of information in financial markets in developing countries have raised an argument that the bank lending channel of monetary transmission mechanism would be very important in such countries. This study addresses the issue by investigating empirically whether there are differential effects of monetary policy on banks' balance sheets, and its implications to the existence of the bank lending channel of monetary policy in Indonesia, especially since the early 1980s when the government adopted a policy of financial deveculation. We find significant differences of balance sheet behaviour across bank classes in response to a change in monetary policy, consistent with the predictions of the bank lending view. We also found that because of access to foreign funds and the existence of bank loan commitment, the monetary policy was unable to constrain loan supply by the large (state) banks, indicating that the bank lending channel operates through smaller (non-state) banks.     

城市商业银行个人金融产品若干问题研究

个人金融产品的竞争成为当前各家商业银行争夺客户的主要方式。城市商业银行面临着全国性商业银行和外资银行的竞争及自身主要靠单一城市经营,力量薄弱的现状。城商行在个人金融产品经营上主要存在信用卡业务发展缓慢,理财产品种类少,为中高端客户服务能力弱等急需解决的问题。文章提出解决上述问题的主要方法是在内部加强服务基础建设的同时,在全国组建城商行同业协会及业务外包。     

兵团村镇银行与团场合作模式探讨——以五家渠国民村镇银行为例

村镇银行作为新型农村金融机构的主力军,承担着服务“三农”的责任;团场作为兵团的基层单位,承担着屯垦戍边的历史使命。本文认为,服务兵团的村镇银行要与团场进行资源优势互补,就要积极探索合作模式,多方面开展合作,以促进两者的良性互动,在解决村镇银行可持续发展的同时加强对团场的金融支持力度。     

The relationship between revenue diversification and bank performance: Do financial structures and financial reforms matter?

This paper contributes to the existing literature by investigating the impact of revenue diversification on bank performance through a broad array of financial reforms, including credit controls, interest rate controls, entry barriers, banking supervision, privatization, and financial account restrictions. This analysis is the first to investigate whether financial structures (bank- or market-based systems) change the effect of diversification on individual bank performance. We use a panel dataset sample from 29 Asia-Pacific countries covering the period between 1995 and 2009, for a total of 2372 banks. Unlike the results of previous studies based on data from the U.S. and Europe, this study confirms the hypothesis of the portfolio diversification effect for the Asia-Pacific banking industry. For bank-based groups, bank performance can be improved through diversification, supporting the “bank-based view” hypothesis. Finally, under different financial systems, the relationships among revenue diversity, financial reforms, and bank performances are multidimensional.     

The effects of foreign ownership on competition in the banking industry: The key role of financial reforms

This study examines the impact of foreign ownership on bank competition and discusses whether the relation changes with various proxies of financial reform. We contribute to the extant literature by using the bank-level ratio of foreign ownership and applying five individual sub-indices of financial reforms from 50 countries. Within the emerging Asia and Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries, our findings show that a higher ratio of foreign ownership in a bank can enhance competition, whereas a liberalization policy on banking supervision instead mitigates this positive relation between foreign ownership and competition. Conversely, the liberalization on bank privatization in Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries significantly increases competition. Thus, financial reforms do matter to the foreign ownership-bank competition nexus.     

Bank Income Diversification,Asset Correlation and Systemic Risk

This paper explores whether the asset correlations among the non-interest activities of banks are the key causes for enhancing the bank diversification-systemic risk nexus. Our empirical evidence indicates that banks' income diversification significantly raises systemic risk. After removing those banks with high asset correlations, the effect of individual banks' diversification on banking systemic risk turns insignificant or even inverse. The results show that high asset correlations among banks could introduce bank failures, thereby leading to higher systemic risk in the financial sector.     

我国农村地区发展社区银行的模式选择

21世纪以来，美国社区银行的发展突飞猛进，成为美国金融体系中的重要力量。社区银行由于自身的规模、机制、地缘、人缘和信息优势成为解决当前我国农村金融困境的有效途径。我国在农村地区建立社区银行，要实行严格的市场准入模式、金融监管模式，并需要相应的配套制度建设。     

Responding to financial crisis: Bank credit expansion with Chinese characteristics

China has sustained a high rate of economic growth even after the outbreak of global financial crisis around 2008 and 2009. Much of the growth stemmed from consistently high levels of lending after this period. Using a unique large dataset from all banking institutions in 90 counties across 14 provinces of China from 2005 to 2013, this paper examines the patterns of credit expansion by Chinese banks. Our study results reveal a clear pattern of counter-cyclical credit expansion by Chinese banks in response to the outbreak of global financial crisis. We find that ownership structure and bank governance do impact on bank lending: the large state-owned banks have responded more to political pressure to lend while the joint-stock banks and city commercial banks have been more profit oriented. The latter had increased their lending more to increase their presence at the county markets. Overall, compared with county-based small banks, cross-regional banks have expanded their lending much more aggressively. Differences in liquidity and deposit growth, risk management strategies, or legal enforcement cannot explain these results.     

日本邮政服务私有化透析

日本邮政私有化改革的基本背景是邮政为政府干预经济提供了必要的资源和渠道,日本邮政不仅是世界上最大的银行,而且也是日本政府进行财政政策支出的资金来源。降低政府支出、发挥私人经济活力是日本政府邮政改革的目的。由于日本邮政自身独特的发展经历和当前的市场环境,日本邮政私有化过程中仍充满着很多不确定性因素。     

关于开展物流银行业务的几点思考

物流银行作为解决中小企业融资困境的金融创新越来越受到人们的关注。文章在介绍物流银行业务模式及发展状况的基础上，分析了物流银行对于金融机构、中小企业、物流企业的意义以及开展物流银行所面临的一些制约因素，最后提出开展物流银行的对策。     

全球化条件下的中国商业银行市场营销战略思考

文章认为,营销战略是银行全部营销工作的基石,是统御营销活动的纲领,也是商战致胜的利剑和法宝。商业银行营销战略的立足点在于谋求提高银行的市场竞争力,使银行实现长治久安和可持续发展,而不是追逐短暂的虚假繁荣。文章就经济一体化、金融全球化条件下的中国商业银行市场营销战略从机会识别、市场定位、市场竞争、组织联盟和国际化发展等五个方面分别进行了考察,并提出了相应的系统化的研究结论。     

Comparison of Bank Profitability in China and the USA

This paper examines and compares the profitability of banks in the USA and China. The USA has the largest market‐based banking system and the financial system of China is still bank‐based. Our analysis indicates that in terms of profitability, banks in China outperformed those in the USA during our study period (2008–2014). Real estate loans had an adverse effect on US bank profitability during the financial crisis and no effect after the crisis but consistently improved the profitability of Chinese banks. Interest margins have no effect on US bank profitability but a consistently positive effect on Chinese banks, confirming that China is a traditional bank‐based economy. Interbank loans have a positive and significant effect on Chinese bank profitability, while interbank domestic loans have a negative effect on US bank profitability. Finally, size had a positive effect on US banks after the financial crisis period, confirming the scale economies of large US banks, but a negative effect on Chinese banks, indicating diseconomies of scale.     

Ethnic Concentration and Bank Use in Immigrant Communities

Despite the many benefits of bank use, large portions of the U.S. population remain unbanked. One of the largest is immigrants, where the incidence of being unbanked is over 13% higher than among natives in 2001. We document growth in the nativity gap in bank use over time. We also test the importance of immigrant enclaves, defined as areas with high concentrations of immigrants from the same region, in explaining the increasing differential in bank use. Combining data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation, Census, and FDIC we find that immigrants living in enclaves are significantly less likely to have a bank account. We take steps to isolate one particular channel through which this might operate: the use of informal financial services provided by co‐ethnics in enclaves. The results suggest that demand‐side preferences may have power in explaining the persistence of the nativity gap in bank use in the United States.     

基于人工神经网络的商业银行信用风险模型

入世后,国外金融机构将给国内银行造成巨大的竞争压力。为了适应竞争的需要,增加抵御风险的能力,有必要对商业银行风险进行研究,以防范金融风险,维护金融及整个经济稳定。本文根据我国的具体现实,运用人工神经网络技术,构造出适合中国的信用风险模型,并对大连市某国有银行提供的数据进行了实证研究。     

Financial Liberalization and Foreign Bank Entry on the Domestic Banking Performance in MENA Countries

Abstract: This study examines the impact of financial liberalization and foreign bank entry on the domestic banking sector from 1996 to 2007, and builds upon and expands the work of Lee (2002). We find that foreign bank entry, financial liberalization, ownership structure and degree of openness of foreign bank entry positively impact domestic banking system operating efficiency, capitalization, risk management, long‐term soundness, financial performance as well as economic and financial development. However, foreign bank entry is associated with reduced profit margins and increased operating costs of domestic banks in countries with less developed capital markets. Empirical evidence seems to support the argument that foreign bank presence leads to better allocation of capital and eliminates connected lending practices.     

银行购并对绩效的影响——以美国的银行为例

金融业的购并是资本市场值得研究的热点。自上世纪90年代初开始,美国银行业就拉开了新一轮的购并的序幕。本文以美国银行业为例,研究了90年代以来美国银行业的演化特点,在从理论上阐明购并的效应以后,以花旗银行和美洲银行为例,对美国银行业购并的绩效进行了研究,这对研究中国的银行业购并具有重要意义。