关系专用性投资的全球价值链升级功效——基于浙江本土代工企业的实证研究

本土代工企业在全球价值链嵌入中进行代工关系专用性投资,具有何种升级功效？针对主流全球价值链理论的“升级”与“伪升级”争议,文章基于跨国买供间关系治理理论与关系租金攫取视角的升级界定,采用浙江本土代工企业146个二元代工关系层面调查数据的实证研究表明,关系专用性投资通过关系建构,有助于本土代工企业的关系租金攫取,具有“升级”效应;但同时会导致权力销蚀,存在“伪升级”效应。当代工能力具有较高的专有性水平时,升级效应处于主导,反之则伪升级效应处于主导。结论表明,本土代工企业在全球价值链嵌入中进行关系专用性投资,只能锦上添花、不能雪中送炭。这一结论澄清了本土代工企业“升级”与“伪升级”争议,对代工企业升级的战略决策具有直接应用价值。     

国有体制、民营机制、先进企业家意识与流通企业效率实现:超市发的案例研究

对国有企业来说，宏观职能的承担与企业效率的实现往往很难平衡，对于充分竞争的市场流通领域，通常更是如此。通过对国有流通企业“超市发”进行案例研究，文章归纳提炼出“国有体制”“民营机制”和“先进企业家意识”等构念，并发现在先进企业家意识的黏合作用下，国有流通企业通过实践“国有体制+民营机制”的模式，可以在兼顾宏观职能的同时实现充分的微观效率。     

异质性GIC治理及其“鱼/渔”效应——基于mvQCA方法的本土制造企业实证

融入全球创新体系是本土制造企业创新战略的必由之路。突破全球价值链研究的范式局限，文章基于全球创新链新范式、从“异质性”假设和二元关系视角，揭示“技术范式、技术差距和权力地位”等不同情境下，“解构类型、分工模式和空间结构”不同的异质性全球创新链治理，对本土制造企业技术能力溢出（“鱼”效应）和创新能力溢出（“渔”效应）的显著差异。采用多值集定性比较分析（mvQCA）方法，对80个异质性全球创新链治理二元关系样本，进行组态视角复杂路径构型分析，揭示了全球创新链治理的异质性维度和所处情境特征影响“鱼/渔”效应的交互与匹配机制。研究结论对探索全球创新链研究新范式以及本土制造企业融入全球创新链的战略与策略决策具有启示意义。     

知识产权保护对中国对外直接投资的影响——基于“一带一路”建设视角的研究

发展导向的“一带一路”倡议是否需要完善知识产权保护规则？文章以世界经济论坛知识产权保护指标作为核心解释变量,运用面板数据模型,实证考察了知识产权保护对中国对外直接投资存量的影响。发现东道国加强知识产权保护对中国对外直接投资具有显著的促进作用,而且这种作用有两个显著的特点,一是在“一带一路”沿线国家样本中强于非沿线国家样本,二是在低知识产权保护度的国家样本中强于高知识产权保护度的国家样本。“一带一路”沿线多为发展中国家,知识产权保护度较低,中国企业在这些国家进行投资更多是处于被模仿的地位,需要通过双边或者多边协定,敦促沿线国家加强知识产权保护。文章结论为在“一带一路”倡议中完善知识产权保护规则的政策导向提供了实证基础。     

中国企业出海“航母”模式：泰中罗勇案例研究

建立海外工业园、打造企业海外经营的“航母”，正成为本土企业构筑全球价值链的新模式。区别于传统的对外直接投资模式，不确定性和非对称性异域经营环境的“航母”模式，具有节约交易成本、风险规避、快速学习、规模递增以及贸易便捷等多种优势。文章以泰中罗勇工业园为例，分析了“航母”模式的资源基础、组织网络、运行机制和能力架构，形成“航母”的实体资源能力、与众多利益相关者的协作能力以及“航母”平台与栖驻企业之间的边界决策能力。结合案例分析，提出了“航母”模式的“高集聚、本地化与合法性”三大动态构建路径与潜在风险，并提出了相应的政策建议。     

“一带一路”东道国制度环境与中国企业对外直接绩效研究

利用2006—2017年中国上市公司在“一带一路”沿线国家的560例OFDI事件为研究样本,实证探究了“一带一路”东道国制度环境对中国企业OFDI绩效的影响,并基于竞争优势视角进一步考察了境外经贸合作区、母国特定优势以及企业年龄的调节效应。研究发现：“一带一路”东道国制度环境在一定程度上会对中国企业OFDI绩效的提升产生负面影响,境外经贸合作区、母国特定优势和企业年龄对上述负面效应具有弱化作用,竞争优势效应在国有与民营企业之间呈现出异质性。研究结论将为中国企业在“一带一路”沿线国家开展高质量海外投资提供参考借鉴。     

进口“近邻”与集群创新：成本追逐还是质量竞争？

中国经济长期“外循环”发展模式导致中间品严重依赖进口,对于制造业产业集群,微观企业创新动力无法转化为集群整体创新合力。以集群内部“行业内企业间” 研究视角切入,采用“近邻效应”模型深入探求邻居企业进口中间品行为对群内同行企业创新传导路径,结论发现：邻居进口对同群企业创新影响存在“成本追逐效应” 和“ 质量竞争效应”,中间品进口质量高低影响企业模仿创新和原始创新能力;“质量竞争效应” 的创新溢出可通过一般贸易渠道、人力资本渠道与市场规模渠道实现;有为政府持续创新激励和市场化导向制度改革有助于实现产业链与创新链“双链融合”及创新“量质齐飞”。     

“数字丝绸之路”国际规则体系逻辑架构——以实体化“一带一路”实践为鉴

“数字丝绸之路”是数字经济赋能下“一带一路”国际合作领域的延伸和拓展。在“一带一路”建设由项目导向到规则导向的转变下，进一步健全国际规则体系已成为“数字丝绸 之路”建设的主要目标。对此，以守正思维和创新思维回溯实体化“一带一路”法治实践经验将具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。一方面,承继实体化“一带一路”的法治价值、治理原则、路径选 择；另一方面，更新适应数字贸易模式、维护网络空间安全、处理数字经济纠纷的规则。鉴于实体 化“一带一路”规则法治实践经验，“数字丝绸之路”国际规则体系可以从三个方面建立架构：完善以自由贸易协定和数字经济专项协定为主要载体的数字经济合作体系；加强打击网络犯罪和 网络恐怖主义、ICT 供应链风险管理、跨境数据保护等安全保障体系；构建适应数字纠纷特点的权利保障和争端解决机制。     

“互联网+”还是“回归实体”？——消费模式与零售企业战略选择

互联网与移动互联网技术迅速发展，带动了许多实体零售企业投身于电子商务的创新实践，但也不乏亚马逊、阿里巴巴等网络零售企业通过投资、并购等方式积极涉足实体零售企业。文章试图解释企业进行不同战略选择的原因，采取“互联网+”或是“回归实体”的依据。在分析互联网对零售企业影响的基础上，文章建立了包括消费者与零售企业在内的一般均衡模型，分析了消费者选择不同零售企业的依据，以及零售企业的应对之策。分析结果表明，消费者在不同零售商店的相对支出比例取决于零售商店提供服务组合的相对效率。因此，基于“有限商圈”与“有限品类”的经营战略成为企业扩大销售收入的关键，现网络零售与实体零售战略选择本质上可以归纳为品类专业化与区域专业化之间的收益比较。     

中国管理学发展方向之管见——兼论东方管理学的定位

单纯照搬西方管理学来指导中国管理实践,已经被证明是行不通的,而属于中国自己的中国管理学该如何发展,已经成为一个学界广泛关注的焦点问题。文章从管理学的元问题出发,认为中国管理学发展的两条可能路径是：超越跨文化研究的的本土管理学研究和系统挖掘东方管理思想的精华的东方管理学学派的研究。文章进一步对东方管理学的学术定位进行了探讨,认为东方管理学是一个新的管理学学派,没有成为一个管理学“新范式”。文章从管理学的研究对象和发展历程的角度,对东方管理学进行了定位。     

Symbiotic relationship of modern contract and traditional ethic: Entrepreneur??s Zhongyong rationality and family firm governance choice

What is the relationship between Chinese familism and the modern economic organization? Can a rational, contractual relationship grow out of Chinese familism that widely exists in Chinese family businesses? This paper holds that Chinese familism can nurture a rational and contractual relationship. However, such a relationship is not an extremely instrumental rationality of Logocentrism, but a zhongyong rationality characteristic of Confucian culture essence. This paper verifies empirically for the first time the existence of zhongyong rationality by analyzing family entrepreneurs’ governance choices. The results reveal that under the guidance of zhongyong rationality, entrepreneurs in Chinese family firms lay more emphasis on restraints than on efficiency, balance the interests among the management, the firm and the owning family, and maintain equilibrium between the insiders and outsiders. This research also finds that a shift from instrumental rationality to zhongyong rationality can provide more satisfactory and indigenous explanations to some phenomena widely in existence among Chinese family firms, as compared with corresponding Western theories.     

Relationship Marketing in China: Guanxi, Favouritism and Adaptation

One of the hot research topics today is relationship marketing. However, little research has been carried out in understanding the complex concepts of Guanxi (relationship) in a Chinese society. This research describes a study to operate the constructs of guanxi and explores the importance of guanxi in relationship development in order to present a new Guanxi framework. A study of both Western and Chinese literature provides foundations of the Guanxi perspectives. The constructs of adaptation, trust, opportunism and favour are identified. Adaptation and trust are found to be positively correlated with sales stability and quality. Whilst, adaptation is negatively correlated with relationship termination costs. Both theoretical framework (a new perceptual map) and managerial implications are given. In addition, recommendations for future research are made.     

Introducing Western-style HRM practices to China: Shopfloor perceptions in a British multinational

The management of host country employees is often portrayed as a particularly fraught dimension for multinational firms. The problems involved are considered exponentially greater when there are substantial institutional differences and “cultural distance” between the host country and a multinational firm's parent country, as is assumed to be the case for Western firms operating in mainland China. Based upon detailed case study research conducted at a UK-invested firm in China between 1999 and 2003 and a comparative study of a Chinese state-owned firm, this paper explores the veracity of such assumptions. The findings indicate that Western human resource management (HRM) practices can be transplanted successfully and questions the degree to which foreign-invested enterprises (FIE) need to adopt “the Chinese way of doing things”. Indeed, such practices can be innovative in the Chinese context and provide a competitive source of differentiation for multinationals as employees.     

East Meets West: Tacit Messages about Business Ethics in Stories Told by Chinese Managers

This article examines how culture influences Chinese managers’ perception of some western management instruments, such as codes of ethics and performance evaluation systems. The research is based on analyzing the tacit messages in “stories told” by managers and reviewing some of the barriers that may hinder understanding. Major obstacles lie in failing to ‘read’ each other’s cultures correctly. Assumptions and biases are left alone instead of being addressed openly. Western management systems and tools do not necessarily function equally well in the Chinese culture, unless they are reassessed and adapted. Some recommendations for managers and further research are given.     

Extending Business Education Beyond Traditional Boundaries: A Case Study in Negotiated Problem Resolution in a Remote Regional Indigenous Community in Australia

It is widely accepted that the concepts and practices of management can only be of benefit when they are anchored to the contextual architecture of people, processes, structures, and technologies. The challenge of establishing a bridging program for providing managerial competencies to Australian Indigenous people has become a serious one for multinational mining companies. As the wings of globalization interact with the long-ignored reality of marginalized local milieu, a need for an innovative management education system has become a major imperative compelling multinational mining companies to work collaboratively with the government, educational institutions, and Indigenous communities. The article outlines a specific decision-making dilemma in an Indigenous context, while explaining the imperatives for educators, who have the challenging task of instructing potential graduates how to manage the unique contextuality of rural Australian Aboriginal communities. The article presents implications for large-scale modern multinationals as they move to geographically remote regions of the world where large number of marginalized local people need to be drawn into the workforce not only as an act of a social responsibility imperative, but also as sound business pragmatism.     

The dilemma of managerial cooperation in Sino‐Western business operations

Chinese foreign trade suffered during the Asian financial crisis, but in 1999, trade rebounded. However, even as China prepares for the 10th Five‐Year Plan and entry into the WTO, rising unemployment coupled with persistent deflationary pressure and continuing declines in foreign direct investment suggest that hard adjustments will have to be made. Just the same, the role that foreign invested firms play in the foreign trade sector and the economy is one of the bright spots on the macroeconomic scene. However, communications problems plague Sino‐Western operations, as indeed they bedevil most cross‐cultural joint ventures. In the Chinese case, the origin lies in the conflict between western universalistic values and Chinese particularistic values in business situations, thus giving rise to difficulties in establishing trust and effective interpersonal cooperation between Chinese and Western managers in Western subsidiaries in China. Using this framework, we develop a model that suggests that the best possible condition for cooperation under these circumstances exists when appearance, i.e., paying attention to human relations, is particularistic and substance, i.e., the way of running the business, is universalistic. The implication for Western managers is that they should both understand and acknowledge the realities of these key value differences and accept what may seem to be a sub‐optimal operational style in order to get the job done. This outcome may pose a dilemma for managers who are con‐ditioned to work toward optimal, maximizing outcomes. Nevertheless, the stakes—and potential benefits—are high. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Acceptance of Sharīʿah‐compliant precious metal‐backed cryptocurrency as an alternative currency: An empirical validation of adoption of innovation theory

In the crypto world, there is a proverbial (and literal) gold rush now occurring. Currently, more than 37 gold‐backed cryptocurrency companies have now emerged. Interestingly, some of them also claim to be Sharī?ah‐compliant. Introducing precious metal‐backed cryptocurrencies is perceived to be an innovation among global payment systems, hampered in part by lack of supporting empirical evidence. Therefore, this research investigates potential users' tendency to adopt a Sharī?ah‐compliant precious metal‐backed cryptocurrency. As such, this study adopts an extended adoption model, which consists of eight factors. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS‐SEM) analysis was conducted on data elicited from economic active residents in Klang Valley from questionnaires. Overall, it was found six out of the eight constructs specified to influence the adoption of precious metal‐backed cryptocurrency were statistically significant where 54.5% of the variation in adoption of PMBC can be explained by the structure model provided by this research. It was also found 63.55% of the respondents are willing to adopt precious metal‐backed cryptocurrency in their future transactions.     

Erratum to: Managing Corporate Sustainability with a Paradoxical Lens: Lessons from Strategic Agility

Although the same environmental regulations apply to all regions in China, legal enforcement can be different due to local economic development priorities. There is still a lack of knowledge about how regional disparities affect the operating performance results of the implementation of corporate environmental management practices, thus providing little information for foreign companies when they invest and develop their production base in China. To fill this research gap, this paper collects data from the Fortune 500 Chinese firms to investigate the moderating role of regional disparities in affecting the performance results of corporate environmental management efforts based on the institutional theory. The disclosed corporate environmental responsibility (CER) practices serve as proxy to represent corporate environmental management practices. Content analysis approach was applied to collect and analyze CER practices published in the corporate reports of Chinese manufacturers. The results show that CER has a positive impact on operating income, while regional disparities influence the relationship between CER and corporate operating income. Specifically, CER and operating income are positively related in Eastern China; on the contrary, they are negatively related in Western China. This paper adds to the body of knowledge about environmental discrepancies in the same emerging economy, and provides insights for systematic consideration in terms of the issues of government environmental regulations and corporate environmental strategies.     

The Internationalization of Chinese Firms and Negative Media Coverage: The Case of Geely's Acquisition of Volvo Cars

Chinese firms are internationalizing at an unprecedented speed. One profound phenomenon linked to this active Chinese firms internationalization process is that the process tends to be confronted with negative media coverage of China and Chinese firms in Western countries. How to understand and cope with the negative image of China and Chinese firms, as they are often seen in the Western media, emerges as a relevant and timely research topic in the study of the internationalization of Chinese firms. The purpose of this article is to stimulate ideas for further research on the relations between the internationalization of Chinese firms and the media coverage. We use the case of Geely's acquisition of Volvo Cars, which was to a large extent negatively reported in the Swedish media during 2008–2013, as inspiration to identify the interesting research themes and questions. Given the increasing anti‐globalization trend, we hypothesize that Chinese firms will have to face up to the reality of negative media coverage in many Western countries for the foreseeable future, at least in the firms’ initial establishment phases. We end our paper with the managerial implications. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.