Factors driving sectoral and occupational employment changes during the Spanish boom (1995–2005)

Spain's economy grew at a real annual average rate of over 3.5% between 1995 and 2005. Total employment increased by more than five million. This process altered the sectoral and occupational structure of employment. The dynamics of final demand, technology and labour requirements linked to technology and labour market institutions mostly drive shifts in the structure of employment. We analyse their effects and relative weights on private employment growth in an input–output framework, by means of structural decomposition. The analysis of the occupational structure is a novelty. Sectoral and occupational structures of employment are receiving a great deal of attention: the productivity growth and economic prospects of service economies and the debate between skilling and polarization are, respectively, the main issues. This paper provides useful insights on the dynamics of the structure of employment during a process of vigorous job growth.     

Sectoral Shocks and Metropolitan Employment Growth

In this paper, we study the sources of industry employment growth in each of five metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs). The objective is to understand the relative importance of aggregate disturbances versus local sectoral shocks in generating observed employment fluctuations at the MSA level. The empirical evidence presented in this paper derives from structural vector autoregressions (SVARs), estimated for each of the five MSAs. Estimations use monthly employment data covering nine one-digit industrial categories for the period 1951:1–1999:8, as well as two variables that capture the influences of aggregate (i.e., national) shocks on MSAs. We find that within-MSA industry shocks explain considerably more of the forecast error variance in industry employment growth than do aggregate shocks. Sectoral shocks account for between 87 and 94% of the 36-month-ahead forecast error variance. Among individual local sectors, shocks to MSA-specific government, manufacturing, and service sector employment growth are the predominate sources of variability.     

Individual, organizational and environmental determinants of new firm employment growth: evidence from Latin America

New ventures are increasingly playing an important role in Latin American economies. However, little is known about the determinants of new firm growth in this context. The purpose of this study is to gain an understanding of the factors influencing new firm growth in Argentina, Brazil, Mexico and Peru. Individual, organizational and environmental factors are included in an empirical model, which is tested using data collected by face-to-face interviews with 582 entrepreneurs. Different specifications of employment growth and regression approaches are employed. Results suggest that growth strongly depends on the characteristics of the entrepreneur. National environment and firm-related factors are also important factors in determining growth.

Entry regulations and labour market outcomes: Evidence from the Italian retail trade sector

The paper analyzes the relationship between entry regulations and employment in the Italian retail trade sector. In Italy the opening of large outlets is regulated at the regional level. First, by using differences-in-differences estimators the paper presents evidence that in regions with less stringent entry regulations, retail trade employment does not decrease. Second, the paper focuses on the effects of the rules implemented in Abruzzo and Marche, two otherwise close and similar Italian regions which adopted very different policies: the first set tight restrictions on the opening of large stores; the second did not impose substantial entry regulations. The results show that in Marche after the inception of the flexible regulations the share of total retail trade employment in total population increased by 0.8 percentage points more than in Abruzzo. Fiercer competition also led to a recomposition of employment in small retail shops. These findings are robust to a number of checks.     

基于产业结构调整的扩大就业政策——以云南省实证研究为例

产业结构反映了经济增长的结构,因此,产业结构调整是提高经济增长对就业拉动作用的关键。研究如何通过产业结构升级与均衡来提高经济增长对就业的拉动作用,对扩大就业具有重要的意义。本文以云南省为研究对象,利用趋势分析、结构偏差系数以及取对数线性回归的就业弹性分析等方法,根据《云南省统计年鉴》提供的样本数据,分析了产业结构、就业结构以及三次产业就业弹性的变动趋势,并从产业结构调整的视角提出了扩大就业的政策。     

现代服务业：上海经济增长的新动力

本文通过经济增长弹性与就业弹性两个指标,对上海"十一五"规划中提出将优先发展的现代服务业及其主要子行业在上海经济增长中的作用进行了研究。分析认为目前上海第二产业与第三产业对经济的拉动力相当。而现代服务业的拉动力大于传统服务业。近年来,现代服务业的就业弹性均值较大,同时弹性的波动变化很大,这是上海GDP就业弹性近几年波动增大的主要原因。同时,通过对现代服务业中主要子行业的分析,发现现代服务业子行业间就业弹性的变动有着高度的正相关,这将增加现代服务业就业弹性波动对于上海GDP就业弹性波动的影响。     

江苏省产业结构与经济增长关系的实证分析

本文通过实证研究,分析和度量江苏省不同产业对地区经济增长的作用,以及苏南和苏北不同产业对地区经济增长的作用,因此对于各地区正确调整产业结构、改善经济增长模式和缩小区域经济差距,进一步提升我省的经济竞争力,保持我省经济总量持续稳定的增长具有一定的参考价值。     

基于产业集群的城市化动力机制研究

产业集群和城市化的内涵都是要素的聚集,二者存在很重要的内在联系。产业集群是城市化发展的重要载体,集群创新是产业结构升级的重要动力。文章从城市化动力机制方面阐述了产业集群对城市化的巨大推动作用,简要介绍我国产业集群的现实状况及存在的问题,提出加强产业集群发展以促进城市化的具体建议。     

平台经济发展与“保就业和稳就业”:基于就业弹性与劳动过程的分析

平台经济在此次新冠肺炎流行期间得到了快速发展,不但在有效保持防疫所要求社交距离的同时,满足了百姓的日常生活必需,更重要的是其提供了大量的就业岗位。本文首先分析\"稳就业\"与\"保就业\"的内在逻辑,阐述\"稳就业\"的大局观和长期性。然后基于经济学视角,运用统计年鉴数据计算就业弹性,剖析行业发展与平台经济融合对就业的吸纳效应,显示平台经济发展对保就业和稳就业岗位的正向作用。但同时从劳动关系视角,通过对平台经济灵活就业劳动过程分析,指出其有别于正规就业劳动关系导致就业的不稳定性,对稳定就业带来了挑战。文章最后界定了\"灵活就业劳动关系\"的内涵和外延,建议在发展平台经济以稳就业岗位的同时,从劳权的具体七个方面系统思考灵活就业劳动关系的规制体系,以保障灵活就业劳动者的权益,化解发展平台经济对就业劳动关系的不稳定因素。     

关于北京市产业增长与土地利用关系的研究

产业的增长变化与土地利用方式及利用类型的变化具有密切关系。本文采用量化分析的方法,通过对北京市产业增长与土地利用变化特点、产业用地效率比较以及产业用地与GDP的相关分析,探讨了北京市产业增长与土地利用的关系,并从优化土地资源在产业问的配置、提高产业用地效率的角度提出了相关建议。     

1994～2006年中国入选《财富》500强企业分析

随着全球化的脚步,中国经济的发展,进入500强的榜单是中国企业奋斗的目标之一。尽管近20年来,中国企业在榜单出现的绝对数量越来越多,排名也在逐渐上升,但是仍有众多行业中并未出现中国企业,且入选企业自身也与世界顶尖企业存在一定的差距。文中分析1994-2006年中国入选500强企业的变化及其行业分布、经营状况等,并对美、日、欧入选企业进行分析,最后提出中国企业发展的启示。     

Economic Growth in Transition

This paper sets the contributions to this issue in the context of a large and rapidly growing literature. It argues, on theoretical and empirical grounds, that future research should focus on transitional growth dynamics.     

深圳市经济发展和产业结构演替分析

作者通过对统计资料的分析 ,对深圳特区 2 0年来的经济增长和结构转化作了剖析。根据深圳产业结构演替内容变化将其产业演替划分为特区成立后的前 10年 (1979— 1990 )、1990—1995及 1995年后三个阶段 ,指出深圳产业结构演替具有变化快、调整及时有效和政策的催化推动对于产业演替起重要作用等特点。     

基于系统动力学产业链、创新链协同演进机制研究

目前我国产业链与创新链协同度不高、协同机制缺失等问题已经成为当前影响我国产业升级和快速发展的主要瓶颈。因此,探求产业链与创新链之间的协同机制,构建产业链与创新链向产业创新链协同演进就成为解决我国产业升级和发展的关键所在。笔者主要通过对产业链演进过程中市场需求、自身利益、市场竞争压力、政府环境和创新链演进过程中R&D投入水平、研发人员投入、吸收能力、未来技术储备等动力机制的分析,通过二者动力机制内部的关联性,把二者有机的耦合起来,构建产业创新链协同创新机制模型。     

基于虚拟物流的产业链整合仿真研究

提出了基于虚拟物流的产业链整合策略,构建了基于虚拟物流的产业链整合系统动力学模型,建立了系统各要素之间的因果反馈关系和模型流图,通过仿真验证了基于虚拟物流的产业链整合策略的可行性,分析了产业链整合过程中各因素对产业链整合整体收益的影响。     

贸易结构与就业结构:基于中国工业部门的分析

随着我国经济发展和改革开放,贸易结构不断变动,对就业水平和就业结构都可能产生重要影响。本文系统研究了我国工业制成品贸易结构变动的就业效应:首先建立了一个简明的理论框架,探讨贸易结构变动对就业结构的影响;然后运用投入产出法和偏差分解法对我国1993～2007年工业制成品贸易结构变化的就业效应进行经验分析。结果表明,研究期间内偏向资本技术密集型产品的贸易结构变动不利于就业,并导致我国的就业结构偏向熟练劳动。     

Education–Job Match,Salary, and Job Satisfaction Across the Public,, Non-Profit,and For-Profit Sectors: Survey of recent college graduates

Using data from the 2006 Survey of Recent College Graduates, this study examines how education–job match and salary may explain recent college graduates’ job satisfaction in the public, non-profit, and for-profit sectors. The results imply that while education–job match increases job satisfaction in all three sectors, for-profit workers may compensate the loss in job satisfaction due to poor match with increased satisfaction from higher salary. The findings suggest that, in the public and non-profit sectors, increased salary cannot make up the loss in job satisfaction from poor education–job match as much as it does in the for-profit sector.     

共享经济下产业价值网络创新的系统动力学分析

共享经济给产业价值网络的发展带来了新的挑战与机遇,只有不断加大产业价值网络的创新力度,才能充分把握共享经济带来的发展机遇,实现产业的现代化发展.文章以J省农业共享经济领域的茶叶产业价值网络为案例,采用系统动力学方法建立共享经济下产业价值网络创新的系统动力学模型,并以A茶产业集团共享经济平台的相关运营数据为例进行定性与定...     

贵阳市产业结构变动与物流发展关系的实证分析

分析了贵阳产业结构变动的趋势和其中存在的问题,并探索了政府应如何采取经济政策措施,提高产业结构变动对经济增长的促进作用。