服务业开放与企业出口国内增加值率悖论及其解释

传统理论认为,扩大服务业开放有助于促进制造业攀升价值链高端并提升附加值创造能力,但实践中却存在着扩大服务业开放未能有效破解制造业因生产性服务业发展不足,从而出口附加值创造能力提升受制的悖论。主要原因可能在于,扩大服务业开放后,国外服务要素作为中间投入直接进入制造业的“直接效应”与反向拉动国内服务业发展的“间接效应”,对企业出口国内增加值率具有相反作用。进一步利用中国企业层面经验数据进行检验,还发现上述影响及其作用机制具有明显的异质性。因此,在中国制造业亟待迈向全球价值链中高端和提升出口国内增加值率的新阶段,依托扩大服务业开放的促进作用不能简单因袭“拿来主义”路径,更要注重开放的竞争效应、溢出效应、关联效应等有助于拉动国内服务业发展的作用机制,以及其实际影响可能具有的异质性特征。     

Distinguishing China's processing trade in the world input-output table and quantifying its effects

ABSTRACT

Distinguishing processing trade is crucial to national input-output table-based research on China's international trade. This paper further investigates the importance of distinguishing China's processing trade in multicountry input-output table-based studies. We focus on the bias in China's bilateral trade in value added caused by China's undistinguished processing trade. We construct a product-by-product world input-output table capturing China's processing trade based on the World Input-Output Database. Empirical studies show that, if China's processing trade is undistinguished, the profile of China's bilateral trade in value added would be seriously distorted; China's bilateral net trade in value added with some economies, such as Japan, Korea and Taiwan, would be significantly underestimated, while it would be significantly overestimated for some other economies, such as the United States. Distinguishing processing trade in multicountry input-output tables is also crucial when China's bilateral trade in value added is considered.     

高校建设工程内部跟踪审计的增值、服务职能

高校内部基建工程实施全过程跟踪审计,主要是站在建设单位尺度对建设项目实施的各个阶段对其投资进行限额控制。经过系统、客观、真实、有效的跟踪审计,为管理者正确的决策提供重要依据,加强工程建设全过程的投资控制管理,保证项目投资管理目标的实现。高校内部建设工程跟踪审计最终目的是将竣工结算控制在计划投资限额内,最大限度降低投资成本,实现高校资产的增值。     

The relationship between perceived compensation,organizational commitment and job satisfaction: the case of Mexican workers in the Korean Maquiladoras

Expatriate literature has generally favoured home country factors to understand expatriate success. In this paper, we contribute to the field by shifting our focus to the host country workforce (HCW). We use equity theory to examine the effects of perception gaps in compensation between HCW and expatriates on organizational commitment and its impact on job satisfaction and job performance. Based on field surveys and in-depth interviews of Korean expatriates as well as Mexican workers, results provide support for our hypothesis that significant perception gaps exist in compensation. The finding that compensation gap was significantly related to affective commitment only is of crucial importance. Our results also suggest that only affective commitment is positively related to job satisfaction and performance. We discuss research as well as managerial implications.     

美国振兴先进制造业的政策措施及启示

从20世纪70年代开始,美国制造业的大批量生产模式开始走下坡路。日本经济的兴起,以丰田汽车为代表的日本汽车工业新的生产和管理模式的成功,向世界表明大批量生产的威力已到了尽头。为振兴先进制造业,美国分别从技术、财政、信息网络、教育、企业运作模式、企业联盟等方面制定了一系列政策与计划,对其进行支持。美国所采取的这些政策措施,对于我国在“十一五”规划中如何更有效促进先进制造业的发展,具有重要的启示。     

The influence of intelligent manufacturing on financial performance and innovation performance: the case of China

ABSTRACT

Artificial intelligence is increasingly used in advanced manufacturing systems to realise intelligent manufacturing. However, there is still a lack of empirical research on the impact of intelligent manufacturing on enterprise performances, especially for China. The author adopts the enterprise panel data of intelligent manufacturing implemented by China’s manufacturing industry in 2014 to 2019, and uses propensity score matching with difference in differences (PSM-DID) method to investigate the impact of intelligent manufacturing on financial performance and innovation performance. The research yields two main conclusions. First, the implementation of intelligent manufacturing has a significant role in promoting the financial performance and innovation performance of manufacturing enterprises. Second, technology-intensive industries improve the quantity of innovation by implementing intelligent manufacturing, thus promoting the improvement of short-term financial performance, but the improvement of innovation quality has a negative impact on short-term financial performance. In labour-intensive industries, the relationship between financial performance and innovation performance is not obvious.     

论多元化经营对企业价值的影响

对多元化经营与企业价值之间的关系进行了论述。并结合国内企业多元化经营的实施效果,就如何将多元化经营与提高企业自身价值紧密结合起来进行探讨,希望能对中国企业经营的价值取向有所启示。     

中小型制造企业生产异常事件的诊断与处理

本文对中小型制造企业生产异常情况的成因、分类及影响进行了探究分析,并针对中小型制造企业生产中的异常不能及时反馈和处理,以及生产效率和交货期等难以管控的现状,研究设计了一套对中小型制造企业生产过程异常的诊断流程与处理方法,为中小型制造企业解决此类问题提供了有益参考。     

生态性、公益性与经济性的协调——以济南青龙山为例

协调城市自然景观与周边土地利用的关系以实现社会的可持续发展,是城市规划中面临的重要问题.以济南青龙山城市自然景观为例,通过对其周边土地利用现状及存在问题的分析,提出了生态性、公益性和经济性的协调机制,探讨了该机制的协调原则和措施,为城市自然景观的保护和城市化地区生态安全格局的构建提供了参考.     

The impact on the cultural diversity to employees' job satisfaction between mainland China and Taiwan: a comparison of Taiwanese invested companies

This study explores how the Chinese values (Integrations, Confucian Work Dynamism, Human-heartedness and Moral Discipline) impact employees' satisfaction (ES). Employees who work in mainland China for companies whose parent companies are based in Taiwan were surveyed. The results can be summarized as the following: ‘Integration’, ‘Confucian Work Dynamism’ and ‘Human-heartedness’ are significantly different between Taiwanese and Chinese employees, while ‘Moral discipline’ is not; Taiwanese employees have higher ES than Chinese employees; Taiwanese employees view ‘career planning’ is the most important, while Chinese employees think ‘management system’ is most important; For Taiwanese employees, ‘Salary and benefit’, ‘Working load’ and ‘Management system’ have effects on ES; Age and Education have effects on Chinese employees.     

成市化过程中的住房价格与财富分配效应

在快速城市化过程中,住房价格持续上涨并不是由外部因素所决定的,而是内生于经济运行本身。由于住房的双重属性和较大的财富持有差距,一旦住房价格被需求触发,住房的投资属性必然会压过消费属性,由经济内部因素作用而持续上涨,直到价值增值的实现受到制约后,才会改变上涨趋势,经过一段时间之后,这个过程会重新开始。在价格上涨和价值增值的实现过程中,伴随着双重财富分配效应,价格持续上涨不但转移了无房人群的当期财富,而且转移了未来财富,同时具有持久性。要想抑制房价持续上涨,减弱这种分配效应,必须缩小投资收益空间,提高无房人群的支付能力。     

The transformation of industrial authority and paternalistic capitalism in the global economy: case studies of Taiwan's textiles industries

Abstract This paper is an attempt to theorize changing employment relations in capitalist development, drawing upon Taiwan's experience of industrialization within the context of global economic competition and undertaking case studies in the textiles industries. It aims to investigate changes in the nature of employment relations, with special reference to authority relations, by examining how they have been shaped by changes in Taiwan's textiles industries. It argues that a transformation of paternalistic capitalism is under way in Taiwan. The study also examines how changes in economic activities have profoundly affected people's lives and experiences. It is suggested that the underpinnings of traditional authority are being shaken. Loosened personal ties and claims for statutory working rights have led to the emergence of different sources of industrial authority. Here is a crucial 'ideological break' in terms of workers' consciousness. Moreover, the 'communal paternalism' or 'enterprise paternalism' of labour regimes in Taiwan propounded by Deyo (1989, 1998) is now called into question.     

Dynamic spillovers and linkages between gold,crude oil,S&P 500, and other economic and financial variables. Evidence from the USA

This paper focuses on the price determinants of gold, and on the challenges associated with gold’s safe haven property. Specifically, it analyses the interlinkages and the return spillover effect among gold, crude oil, S&P 500, dollar exchange rate, Consumer Price Index (CPI), economic policy uncertainty and Treasury bills, by employing a Vector Autoregression (VAR) and the spillover index of Diebold and Yilmaz (2012), Diebold and Yılmaz (2014). Monthly realized return series, covering the period from 2nd of January 1986 to 31st of December 2019 are used to examine the short-run linkages, and the return spillovers rolling-window estimates in analyzing the transmission mechanism in a time-varying fashion, respectively. Our findings identify gold as a strong dollar hedge, while crude oil and Treasury bills appear to drive inflation; they also indicate strong spillover effects between exchange rate and gold returns. In general, co-movement dynamics display state-dependent characteristics. Both total and directional spillovers increase significantly during market turbulence caused by severe financial crises such as the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) of 2007–2009 and the European Sovereign Debt Crisis of 2010–2012. Net spillovers switch between positive and negative values for all these markets, implying that the recipient/transmitter position changes drastically with market events. Economic policy uncertainty, stock market returns, and crude oil price returns are the main transmitters, while Treasury bills and CPI are the main return shock recipients. Gold and exchange rate act both as receivers and transmitters over the sample period.     

The implications of financial frictions and imperfect knowledge in the estimated DSGE model of the U.S. economy

In this paper, I study how alternative assumptions about expectation formation can modify the implications of financial frictions for the real economy. I incorporate a financial accelerator mechanism into a version of the Smets and Wouters (2007) DSGE framework and explore the properties of the model assuming, on the one hand, complete rationality of expectations and, alternatively, several learning algorithms that differ in terms of the information set used by agents to produce the forecasts. I show that the implications of the financial accelerator for the business cycle may vary depending on the approach to modeling the expectations. The results suggest that the learning scheme based on small forecasting functions is able to amplify the effects of financial frictions relative to the model with Rational Expectations. Specifically, I show that the dynamics of real variables under learning is driven to a significant extent by the time variation of agents’ beliefs about financial sector variables. During periods when agents perceive asset prices as being relatively more persistent, financial shocks lead to more pronounced macroeconomic outcomes. The amplification effect rises as financial frictions become more severe. At the same time, a learning specification in which agents use more information to generate predictions produces very different asset price and investment dynamics. In such a framework, learning cannot significantly alter the real effects of financial frictions implied by the Rational Expectations model.     

价值工程视角下产品功能——成本的最佳配比研究

产品功能和成本的最佳配比,是消费者和生产商所共同追求的理想状态。这一理想状态能否实现,又将如何实现呢?对此,该文引入价值工程分析法进行了分析和求证,并得出如下结论:产品功能和成本之间不仅存在最佳配比关系,而且最佳配比平衡点也能够通过求解得出,从而为保证产品必要功能前提下的成本控制提供了科学的依据。     

On the relationship between the current account and the fiscal balance: The case of Canada

This paper uses an Autoregressive Distributed Lag model to examine the long run and short run relationship between the current account and the fiscal balance, as well as other determinants, using Canadian quarterly data from 1981 to 2018. The results indicate that there is a long-run cointegrating relationship between the current account and the fiscal balance, investment, and private credit. Moreover, the relationship between the current account and the fiscal balance is positive in the long-run, thus providing support for the Keynesian Hypothesis of the fiscal balance driving the current account. Specifically, a one percentage point rise in the fiscal balance to GDP ratio yields a 0.43 percentage point rise in the current account as a percent of GDP. This positive relationship is present in the short-run as well. Finally, the findings from the error correction model yield a speed of adjustment of 0.225, hence 22.5% of the long-run adjustment in the current account occurs next period.     

Accentuating the interconnection between business sustainability and organizational performance in the context of the circular economy: The moderating role of organizational competitiveness

Sustainability development has gained significant importance in the modern business environment. The primary objective is to conduct an explanatory and quantitative study of the impacts of the social, economic, and environmental dimensions on organizational performance, considering the moderating role of organizational competitiveness. Data were collected from Chinese, Italian, and Romanian small and medium enterprises (SMEs). The questionnaires were distributed by applying simple random sampling techniques. The study sample size consists of 320 SME employees. Hierarchical regression was used to investigate the moderating impacts of organizational competitiveness on the relationships of the social, economic, and environmental dimensions and organizational performance. The regression analysis shows a positive relationship between the study variables. Small and medium-sized enterprises are focusing more on sustainable business practices.     

中德思想政治教育实施方法之比较

思想政治教育方法是实施思想政治教育的手段,同时也是实现思想政治教育目标的手段。是思想政治教育必不可少的组成部分。由于历史背景、价值观、文化传统以及教育目标、内容等差异,我国和德国思想政治教育方法体现出各自不同的特点。     

Risk dependence and cointegration between pharmaceutical stock markets: The case of China and the USA

This paper analyses risk-integration and the degree of dependence between the Values-at-Risk (VaRs) estimates for the two major pharmaceutical stock markets in the world: USA and China. To do this, we study the dependence and fractional cointegration properties among risks. Using daily returns for an eleven-year period, we estimated the VaRs obtained for pharmaceutical market portfolios in China (Shanghai) and the USA (NYSE) using the market model and considering both long and short trading positions. We conclude that the Shanghai pharmaceutical market is riskier than NYSE, although is predictable and losses in both markets exhibit tail dependence between VaR estimates. Particularly, there is lower tail VaR dependence for long position and upper tail dependence for short positions, both being small and fairly constant. On the other hand, we have not found fractional cointegration between risks, suggesting that China’s pharmaceutical sector is not integrated into the global pharmaceutical market.