试析地方政府融资平台的规范与创新

地方政府融资平台在应对全球金融危机和加快地方经济发展过程中起到了积极的作用.但是,由于地方政府融资平台无序迅猛增长,其自身运行中存在的问题和风险也逐步显现.规范和创新运行模式已经成为地方政府融资平台发展的当务之急.本文通过对地方政府融资平台规范和创新的分析,就其今后的发展途径提出了相关建议.     

Turning Strategy into Practice: Organizational Development in the Modernization of Local Government

Organizational development—measures to build the inherent and generic capacity of an organization—is an important, but neglected, aspect of the current debate on the joined-up modernization of public services. Where organizational development has featured in the debate, it has tended to focus on 'what' questions, rather than 'how' individual agencies can effect change in their organization. The author shows how organizational development could help local government in gearing up to meet the new challenges set by the Government's social agenda which centres on joining-up governance. He shares some practitioner experience on possible ways forward, and poses some questions for wider debate.     

Modernity, Modernization and the Deinstitutionalization of Incremental Budgeting in Local Government

Governmental reform programs in the UK have a long history of failed attempts to end incrementalism in local government budgeting. Drawing on structuration theory, incrementalism is presented as institutionalized organizational behaviour. From this perspective, the recent New Labour reform agenda may be interpreted via a theory of de‐institutionalization. The approach is illustrated through an analysis of recent developments in a large UK metropolitan authority where new political structures, inspection regimes and regulatory pressures are beginning to challenge incrementalism. A new belief in the measurability of public sector performance seems to be legitimized by a post‐bureaucratic modernity rather than any significant technical innovations.     

地方政府市政债券融资的创新机制研究

本文结合当前地方政府面临的融资难题,通过总结已存在的"准市政债券"融资的不足,提出收入型市政债券融资的创新机制.在案例分析的基础上,本文设计了一种新的收入型市政债券的发行模式,通过三大阶段、二次发行、一套外部增级的过程,实现市场化融资和风险分担,为地方政府融资提供一种新的思路.     

地方政府税收竞争、技术创新与产业结构升级

地方政府税收竞争作为中国式分权的重要内容,对地方技术创新和产业结构升级具有重要影响.本文以技术创新为中介变量,构建了包括地方政府税收竞争、技术创新以及产业结构升级的理论分析框架,并利用2000-2018年31省区市的面板数据从总量和结构两个层面进行中介效应分析.研究结果表明:从税收总量来看,税收竞争促进了产业结构升级,存在总量性"税收竞争-技术创新-产业结构升级"的中介效应.从税收结构看,增值税、企业所得税以及城市维护建设税均促进了产业结构升级,但其促进效应没有总税收竞争明显,同时存在结构性"税收竞争-技术创新-产业结构升级"的中介效应.以上结论对地方政府税收竞争策略、中央差异化管制、技术创新以及产业结构升级均有重要启示.     

中央与地方在物业税税权划分中的博弈行为研究

物业税又称房地产税或者不动产税,主要是针对房屋、土地等不动产,要求其承租人或保有者每年都按物业评估价值缴付一定税款。本文利用博弈分析的方法,分析了即将开征的物业税和中央与地方政府财政分权之间的关系,并得出结论,由于信息不对称,物业税的开征所带来的效率损失是在所难免的,其开征的关键还在于理清中央和地方政府之间的财税关系。     

商业企业现代化之路--观念转变与创新

当今,商业流通领域中不同所有制、不同业态、不同环节的企业已经基本站在了同一起跑线上,进行着平等的竞争,同时,还面临着与外资商业企业利用“国际游戏规则”进行的更为宽泛的竞争。此时对商业企业现代化提出了要求。在商业企业现代化的进程中,观念的创新与转变是根本。本文从理论和实践的角度探讨了现代社会对商业企业管理者个人能力提出的新要求、阻碍其观念创新的因素以及如何进行观念创新等问题。     

Political Management and Local Government: The Views of Local Authority Chief Executives

The Labour Government has introduced radical measures to change local authorities' constitutions. These include a requirement to abandon the traditional committee system and to replace it with political executives. Local authority chief executives will play a critical role in these changes and they are also uniquely placed to offer observations on the likelihood of the measures being successful. Because of this, a questionnaire survey was undertaken of the chief executives of all local authorities in England and Wales to discover how councils are responding to the Government's measures and to obtain their views on the proposed political management arrangements.     

Fiscal Reconstruction and Local Government Financing

This paper investigates the dynamic properties of intergovernmental financing during a fiscal reconstruction process by analyzing the dynamic game among local governments, which operates with soft budget constraints because of concessionary region-specific transfers from a central government. The existence of intergovernmental transfers induces the free-riding behavior of local governments, thereby bringing considerable deficits to the central government. Raising local and/or national taxes is desirable for fiscal reconstruction, but is unable to attain the Pareto-efficient fiscal reconstruction. Taxes on lobbying activities, combined with uniform transfers, induce earlier concession and can attain the Pareto-efficient outcome in the long run.     

地方政府融资平台的财政风险与化解对策

作为我国城市化与现代化进程中多方面制度变迁的产物,地方政府融资平台在有效解决地方政府建设与经营城市中当期资金不足难题的同时,后危机时代其中所潜藏的财政风险、系统性的金融风险等问题也引起广泛关注。为实现地方政府的可持续融资,本文分析地方政府融资平台的现状,剖析融资平台急剧扩张所造成的地方政府的财政风险,从城市基础设施建设的市场化、融资平台的市场化等角度提出化解风险的对策。     

地方政府财政风险:表现形式、成因与防范

财政是政府实现其职能的重要手段和经济基础.目前我国财政状况相当严峻,财政风险已逐渐凸现.与中央政府相比,我国地方政府运行困难更大,而与之相伴的财政风险的危害也更大,并且具有向上级传导风险的特性,从而有可能给国家公共财政体系带来各类风险.本文试图从我国地方财政风险的表现形式入手,探索其形成的深层原因,并提出了防范地方财政风险的制度、政策建议.     

地方政府债务问题剖析

正2011年,"欧猪五国"和美国主权债务危机此起彼伏,日本、法国等国也都面临巨大的债务压力,负债率高企呈现全球化趋势。根据经济合作与发展组织公布的数据,截至2010年末,除了澳大利亚、丹麦、瑞典和芬兰等少数国家外,其他发达国家政府债务余额与GDP之比都超过了60%这一公认的警戒线。     

地方政府融资平台——以北京市某区政府融资平台为例

引言所谓地方政府融资平台,就是指地方政府通过划拨土地,注入优质资产、国企股权等方式,组建一个资产规模和财务状况达到融资标准的公司。该公司以地方财政对公司的注资受益权、补贴,甚至偿债基金等作为保证,通过向银行贷款或发行企业债券等方式融入资金,并将其重点投向市政基础设施建设、公用事业、公益性项目等。此类公司名称各异,通常有城建     

地方财政应负担户籍改革成本

户籍制度属于政治法律制度范畴,属于一个国家的上层建筑。有关户籍制度方面的法律制订、颁布和实施是政府行为,涉及社会全体公民的利益,具有效用不可分割性。同时,户籍制度具有非排他性,任何公民都有权要求户籍,也必然拥有户籍。     

地方政府债务出路问题再讨论

最近一段时间,地方政府融资平台急剧膨胀,其隐藏的风险再次引起了决策层和全社会的关注。本篇文章中,作者将就地方政府的债务规模、种类、隐藏的风险、债务成因及其出路进行深入的讨论。