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1.
C.Alan Garner 《Journal of Business Research》1981,9(2):205-220
A few objective variables explain most fluctuations in the Index of Consumer Sentiment. These relationships reveal sources of consumer satisfaction and can test hypotheses from psychological economics. The study questions the practical value of the Index to forecasters because objective data contain the same basic information. However, the Index reflected Watergate and the Arab oil embargo, and information on consumer response to such extraordinary non-systematic factors might assist forecasters. Granger causality tests support the exogeneity of certain explanatory variables and are consistent with the hypothesis that consumer sentiment affects automobile sales and purchases of consumer durables without feedback. 相似文献
2.
This study investigates the role of romanticism versus classicism in determining consumer preferences among various types of vacation trips. Specifically, it proposes a personality index intended to measure romanticism versus classicism (RC) and reports an experiment that supports both the reliability of the proposed a priori RC Index and its validity in moderating the utilities of two travel features (risk and warmth) as determinants of travel preferences. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
3.
In clothing markets, ‘fashion’ has traditionally been defined as something that is accepted by a sizeable proportion of a market. This paper is based on empirical research amongst over 500 students investigating a variety of dimensions of ‘fashionability’. The findings support the ‘outer-directedness’ of ‘prevailing styles’ but also identify a potentially important set of ‘individualistic’ influences. It is suggested that this indicates the necessity for a redefinition of what is fashionable, and an explanation is offered for the apparent contradictions in current thinking about fashionability. 相似文献
4.
Studies on consumer satisfaction, dissatisfaction, and complaining behaviour provide no consistent picture of the socio-economic and demographic characteristics of the consumers involved. This study indicates that consumers with different socio-economic characteristics perceive and experience different numbers and types of consumer problems.Younger people experience more problems with commercial information. Persons of lower income and full nest families report more problems with usage costs and product quality. Problems with after-sales service are more often experienced by male and upper class consumers. Differences in problem perception may affect subsequent satisfaction, dissatisfaction, and complaining behaviour.
Dick A. Francken is a Research Fellow at SWOKA, Institute for Scientific Research on Consumer Affairs, Kon. Emmakade 192–195, NL-2518 JP The Hague, The Netherlands. W. Fred van Raaij is Professor of Economic Psychology at Erasmus University, Department of Economics, P.O. Box 1738, NL-3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands. 相似文献
Sozioökonomische und demographische Einflüsse auf die Wahrnehmung von Verbraucherproblemen
Zusammenfassung Untersuchungen zur Zufriedenheit, zur Unzufriedenheit und zum Beschwerdeverhalten von Konsumenten ergeben kein konsistentes Bild der sozioökonomischen und demographischen Eigenschaften der untersuchten Konsumenten. Die vorliegende Studie deutet darauf hin, daß Konsumenten mit unterschiedlichen sozioökonomischen Eigenschaften sich hinsichtlich der Anzahl und der Art der wahrgenommenen Verbraucherprobleme unterscheiden.Jüngere Verbraucher empfinden mehr Probleme mit kommerzieller Information. Verbraucher mit niedrigerem Einkommen und Familien mit Kindern nehmen mehr Probleme mit den Gebrauchskosten und mit der Produktqualität wahr. Probleme mit dem Kundendienst treten dagegen häufiger bei männlichen Konsumenten und solchen aus höheren Schichten auf. Unterschiede in der Problemwahrnehmung wirken sich auf die Zufriedenheit und das Beschwerdeverhalten von Konsumenten aus.
Dick A. Francken is a Research Fellow at SWOKA, Institute for Scientific Research on Consumer Affairs, Kon. Emmakade 192–195, NL-2518 JP The Hague, The Netherlands. W. Fred van Raaij is Professor of Economic Psychology at Erasmus University, Department of Economics, P.O. Box 1738, NL-3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands. 相似文献
5.
Semi‐structured interviews are conducted to understand why consumers buy organic and/or local foods. The interview findings are consistent with existing theoretical frameworks for explaining environmentally significant behaviour: Value‐Belief‐Norm (VBN) theory and Attitude‐Behaviour‐Context (ABC) theory. Findings show that organic food shoppers in particular are motivated by values, beliefs and the creation of norms. However, the interviews indicate that knowledge (K), information seeking (IS) and habit (H) are also important in understanding why consumers choose organic and local foods. Incorporating demographics (D) as well, the resulting VBN‐ABC‐D‐K‐IS‐H or ‘Alphabet Theory’ is presented as a new framework to explain organic and local food purchase behaviour. 相似文献
6.
When evaluating a product or service, consumers seek out information to judge whether that specific product will meet certain criteria. The main concern of sales providers is how to increase their purchasers' willingness to buy a product. The authors studied the impact of age on the perceived importance and interaction of three factors known to influence people when buying clothes: price, durability and suitability. A sample of 160 French adults aged 18–90 rated their likelihood of buying an item of clothing in 27 scenarios, in which three levels (low, moderate and high) of each of the above three factors were combined in an orthogonal factorial design. For younger participants, a low price was considered a sufficient reason to buy the item of clothing. For older participants, suitability was a more important factor, while for the eldest people, durability was the most important. 相似文献
7.
Perception of time differs across cultures. As time perception is a critical component of consumer decision making, awareness of such differences is a key to successful cross-cultural marketing. Mistakes in international marketing efforts are frequently traceable to ethnocentric cultural assumptions. No culture's perception of time is ‘right’, but there can be a tendency to impose such assumptions without cultural self-awareness. Time perception differences in four cultures are examined: Anglo, Hispanic, Eastern and Arabic. Implications for marketing efforts due to these cross-cultural differences are offred. 相似文献
8.
The most important findings of a research project on consumer organizations in the FRG point to the necessity for an alternative orientation in consumer policy in circumstances of economic crisis. During the thirty years of their existence, consumer organizations have specialized in educating the consumer about the rules under which the market operates and have requested the suppliers to comply with these rules. The organizations are faced today, however, with the situation that the process of interaction between producer and consumer functions only to a limited extent as an instrument for securing the satisfaction of wants. Many indicators show that the dynamics of economic development are taking a hold on more and more spheres of life and are jeopardizing the substance of natural and social living conditions. The inquiry shows that the consumer organizations, in contrast to the numerous initiatives of those affected, have gained no effective access to this problem. This reinforces the tendency towards an unfruitful polarization between grassroots-oriented forms of protest and traditional, in part publicly financed and institutionalized, interest representation structures.
Bernd Biervert is Professor of Economics and Reinhard Rock is Professor of Business Administration, both at the Bergische Universität — Gesamthochschule Wuppertal, P.O. Box 10 01 27, D-5600 Wuppertal, FRG. Kurt Monse is Wissenschaftlicher Angestellter at the same university. 相似文献
Verbraucherpolitische Alternativen: Eine Untersuchung der Verbraucherorganisationen in der Bundesrepublik
Zusammenfassung Gegenstand des Forschungsprojektes waren Alternativen der Verbraucherpolitik und der Organisierung von Verbraucherinteressen in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Innerhalbe eines kooperativen Arbeitszusammenhangs von 6 Forschungsteams bildet das Projekt einen Bestandteil des Verbundes EMPIRISCHE VERBRAUCHERFORSCHUNG. Die hier thesenhaft referierten Ergebnisse beziehen sich auf die Evaluation unterschiedlicher Verbraucherorganisationen in der BRD (Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Verbraucher, Verbraucherzentralen, Stiftung Warentest, Stiftung Verbraucherinstitut).Die Verbraucherorganisationen stehen gegenwärtig vor dem Problem, daß aus dem Umfeld von Konsum und Reproduktion Problemlagen entstanden sind, die mit der traditionellen Orientierung der Verbraucherorganisation an Markt und Wettbewerb allein nicht mehr effizient zu bearbeiten sind. Umwelt- und Gesundheitsgefährdung, Verknappung der Rohstoffe sowie die Zerstörung traditioneller Lebens- und Kommunikationsformen bilden Stichworte einer gesellschaftlichen Diskussion, die als Indikator dafür zu werten ist, daß die Dynamik der ökonomischen Entwicklung auf immer mehr Lebensbereiche übergreift und natürliche und soziale Lebensbedingungen in der Substanz gefährdet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß die Verbraucherorganisationen bisher keinen effizienten Zugang zu diesen Problemen gefunden haben und so die Tendenz zu einer unfruchtbaren Polarisierung zwischen basisorientierten Formen des Protestes und den traditionellen, teilweise öffentlich finanzierten und institutionalisierten Strukturen der Interessenvertretung verstärkt wird. Die Untersuchung geht daher der Frage nach, ob die für die gesellschaftliche Integration wichtigen intermediären Organisation so organisiert werden können, daß sie ihre Vermittlungsfunktion zwischen den zentralen gesellschaftlichen Entscheidungsprozessen und der Ebene alltäglicher Betroffenheit nicht verlieren. Dem stehen die korporatistischen Beziehungen zwischen den Verbraucherorganisationen und der Bürokratie entgegen, über die sich gegenwärtig die staatliche Option der Rückverweisung ökonomischer, sozialer und gesellschaftspolitischer Problemlagen an den Steuerungsmechanismus der Marktregulation auch in der Verbraucherpolitik durchsetzt. Ein deutlicher Hinweis ist die Tendenz zur Ökonomiesierung der Verbraucherorganisationen. Mit der zunehmenden Umstellung auf kommerzielle Angebote an Verbraucherinformation drohen sie zu Dienstleistungsunternehmen zu entarten. Der Alternativentwurf zielt darauf ab, daß die Verbraucherorganisationen, entgegen der bisherigen Konzentration auf Probleme des formalen Austauschprozesses zwischen Produzenten und Konsumenten, neue und u.U. konfliktäre Problemfelder des Konsumbereiches zum Selektionskriterium ihrer Tätigkeit machen. Soweit hierbei disparitäre Bedürfnisbereiche und nicht Marktprozesse den Ausgangspunkt bilden, wird die Orientierung der Verbraucherpolitik an Markt und Wettbewerb in Teilbereichen durch die Bedürfnisorientierung ergänzt.
Bernd Biervert is Professor of Economics and Reinhard Rock is Professor of Business Administration, both at the Bergische Universität — Gesamthochschule Wuppertal, P.O. Box 10 01 27, D-5600 Wuppertal, FRG. Kurt Monse is Wissenschaftlicher Angestellter at the same university. 相似文献
9.
As consumers exhibit relatively more self-control over healthy products by limiting the purchase quantity of vice choices and buying more virtue choices to adhere to healthy-eating goals, a price promotion has a stronger effect on virtue than vice choices of healthy food. In contrast, consumers exhibit relatively less self-control over unhealthy products and evaluate price promotions as a persuasive temptation mechanism; thus, a price promotion has a stronger effect on vice than virtue choices of unhealthy food. The results of the empirical analyses provide support for these hypotheses. 相似文献
10.
Macro-economic determinants of consumer price knowledge: A meta-analysis of four decades of research
Hooman Estelami Donald R. Lehmann Alfred C. Holden 《International Journal of Research in Marketing》2001,18(4)
For the past four decades, dozens of researchers have studied consumer price knowledge, often with disagreements on the extent of consumer' ignorance about prices. While some of these disagreements have been attributed to research design variations among studies, no inquiry has yet been made on the role of the economic environment on consumer price knowledge. Nevertheless, environmental factors such as interest rates, unemployment, and economic growth may significantly influence consumers' knowledge of prices. Certain economic environments may therefore provide marketers with the ability to utilize pricing tactics which rely on limitations in consumers' knowledge of product prices. Using a meta-analytic framework, this paper synthesizes the results of 297 previous price knowledge studies to document the effects of inflation, unemployment, GDP growth, interest rates, country of study, and passage of time on consumer price knowledge. The meta-analysis results demonstrate that economic factors have considerable influence on explaining variations in consumer price knowledge. Managerial and public policy implications of the findings in light of turbulent economic environments are discussed. 相似文献
11.
This conceptual paper discusses the so-called ‘non-cognitive’ revolution in modern Consumer Behavior Theory. We argue that this new emphasis is not a radical departure when viewed from the vantage point of cognitive psychology. Cognitive psychology has become a way of studying many, if not most, forms of behavior; as it grows and expands, it becomes less correct to equate it with the study of only some forms of behavior (cognition). It is often the case that consumer researchers associate the term ‘cognitive’ with the conscious, the rational, the verbal and, by implication, call non-cognitive the unconscious, subconscious or non-verbal phenomena. However, many findings on ‘non-cognitive’ processes are the result of research in cognitive psychology. Our paper therefore starts out by discussing the nature of the cognitive Consumer Research Tradition. It points out that the distinction between conscious and automatic processes is more fruitful than that between cognitive and non-cognitive ones. The recent emphasis on emotional processes and direct behavior manipulation is discussed in this light. Implications of the distinction for consumer and marketing research are mentioned in a concluding section. 相似文献
12.
Patrick Roger 《International Journal of Research in Marketing》1984,1(3):171-181
In the suburbs of most large French urban centres there are several hypermarkets. This type of trade has developed to such an extent that competition among these stores has become very fierce, so that they are now seeking to optimise the geographical distribution of their marketing operations. We propose a graphic method to describe consumer spatial behaviour. The model is based on the representation of the level curves of the area of attraction; this is estimated on the basis of frequency measurements taken in a group of geographical sectors in the region under examination. We apply this method to six hypermarkets in a large town in the north of France and show how it can be used to pick out the really competitive areas. 相似文献
13.
This paper estimates the impact of social media conversations on consumer valuation of brand characteristics and demand for carbonated soft drinks (CSDs). We formulate a random coefficient, discrete choice model of consumer demand that includes social media conversations, and estimate it matching Nielsen sales data on carbonated soft drinks to social media conversations on Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube. Empirical results indicate that consumers’ conversations about brands and nutritional aspects of CSDs have a significant impact on their valuation of brand characteristics and ultimately on their choices of CSDs. These findings have important implications not only for firms using social media as a strategic tool for effective brand promotion and product design but also for public health policies aimed at reducing the consumption of sugary beverages and high-calorie foods. 相似文献
14.
Consumer behavioural scientists such as economists and marketing researchers are interested in the degree to which global convergence is occurring with respect to various consumer behaviour dimensions, particularly the extent that consumption patterns in products appear to evolve and become more similar across different parts of the world. With increasing internationalization and cultural cross‐fertilization, the traditional societies of the world are converging in many ways. The strategic marketing of flavoured alcoholic beverages is a particularly interesting example of this evolutionary process to convergence. Consumers in countries of different cultural originations are developing preferences for the same products and show increasing sign of converging around global product identity. This article presents the results of a study analysing the evolutionary process. 相似文献
15.
Consumers are confronted by increasing amounts and types of information about the quality of health care available to them in the marketplace. This paper explores the state of current knowledge about the impact of quality of care information (QCI) on consumer health care decision making. The paper reviews recent studies of consumer response to information related to health and health care in areas related to QCI and choice of health care providers. The paper discusses recent trends in the availability of QCI and describes the rise of consumerism in health care and its implications for consumer health information policy.
Joel Rudd is Associate Professor of Family and Consumer Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. Karen Glanz is Associate Professor of Health Education, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. This article is based in part on a background paper developed by the authors for the Health Program, Office of Technology Assessment, U.S. Congress. 相似文献
Beeinflussung von Verbraucherentscheidungen bei der Auswahl von Gesundheitsdienstleistungen durch Qualitätsinformationen
Zusamenfassung Verbraucher sind mit wachsendem Angebot von Informationen über die Qualität derjenigen Gesundheitsdienstleistungen konfrontiert, die sie auf dem Markt nachfragen können. Gestalt und Inhalt wechseln. Der Beitrag untersucht anhand einer US-amerikanischen Literaturstudie den gegenwärtigen Kenntnisstand über die Bedeutung von Qualitätsinformationen für die Entscheidungsfindung des Verbrauchers bei Gesundheitsdienstleistungen. Aktuelle Studien über Verbraucherreaktionen auf Qualitätsinformationen bei der Auswahl von Anbietern werden vorgestellt und gewürdigt. Der Beitrag diskutiert aktuelle Entwicklungstendenzen des Zugangs zu Qualitätsinformationen. Im Mittelpunkt steht die Erörterung eines wachsenden Verbraucherbewußtseins im Gesundheitswesen und seine Bedeutung für die Informationspolitik gegenüber Verbrauchern.
Joel Rudd is Associate Professor of Family and Consumer Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. Karen Glanz is Associate Professor of Health Education, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. This article is based in part on a background paper developed by the authors for the Health Program, Office of Technology Assessment, U.S. Congress. 相似文献
16.
Abstract The purpose of this article is to report on research that examines survey participation rates (i.e. response rates) for personal interview surveys where solicitation for participation is based on different theories of survey-response behaviour in two culturally distinct countries. Field experiments were designed to investigate the extent to which the theories of exchange, cognitive dissonance, self-perception, and involvement/commitment can influence potential respondents to participate in a personal interview survey in Australia and Hong Kong. The results show that there were significant differences in Australia with the theory of self-perception having the strongest impact on survey-response behaviour, while cognitive dissonance has the least impact. In contrast, the effects in Hong Kong were not significant. This study adds to the limited empirical research regarding why consumers participate in surveys, particularly personal interview surveys. The theories are applied at the self-introduction and invitation to participate, which is a crucial stage in the potential respondent's decision about participation. 相似文献
17.
The contribution of income adequacy, conservation-related attitudes and human resources to voluntary simplicity behaviour was studied using responses from 638 households. Findings suggested that, while both income and attitudes were significant contributors to the variance in behaviour, attitudes were somewhat more so. However, the perception that the respondent or another family member had needed skills to perform various repair and maintenance tasks was the strongest predictor of voluntary simplicity behaviour. 相似文献
18.
This article concentrates on gender differences among university graduates with respect to self-employment. We investigate
the characteristics of self-employed men and women, focusing in particular on the contribution of field of study as a determinant
of the gender gap in self-employment rates. Our approach is based on probit regressions and on the application of a non-linear
decomposition technique to the gender gap in self-employment. We find that age and field of study account for two-thirds of
the observed gender gap in self-employment. 相似文献
19.
Retailers may lose profits as a result of shoplifting and other unethical consumer behaviour. Research focusing on consumer ethical decision making is needed. Information provided by 1117 undergraduate students from universities within the US revealed that women are less accepting of unethical consumer behaviour than men. Subjects who reported that they very consistently follow the teachings of their primary faith are less accepting of unethical consumer behaviour than subjects who reported that they do not very consistently follow the teachings of their primary faith. Relationships between consumer ethical response scores and other demographic characteristics are discussed. 相似文献
20.
Elaine Ritch Carol Brennan Calum MacLeod 《International Journal of Consumer Studies》2009,33(2):168-174
The adverse environmental impacts of plastic bags, including production energy costs, limited lifespan, increasing landfill content and inability to biodegrade, provide symbolic and practical evidence of a ‘throwaway’ consumer culture which acts as a significant barrier to sustainable consumption in particular and sustainable development in general. Decoupling consumer behaviour from plastic bag use is therefore an important challenge in the pursuit of sustainable consumption as a precursor to achieving sustainable development. This article provides a critical evaluation of that challenge, set within the theoretical framework of sustainable development. It examines the adverse environmental impacts of plastic bag use and evaluates initiatives by governments and businesses internationally to change consumer behaviour regarding the use of plastic bags in line with sustainable development principles. The politics of this agenda are analysed using a combination of consumer policy and public policy perspectives. Finally, the article draws conclusions regarding the earlier analysis. 相似文献