可转债对公司财务结构的影响及其发行时机

可转换债券作为介乎于债券和股权融资两之间的工具，其定价受到诸多因素的影响，从对公司财务结构的影响来看，中转债严格优于普通债券等融资工具且增强了公司的负债能力，可转换债券的发行和转的与市场环境和公司自身素质密切相关。     

美国市政债券特点与发行模式

在美国,市政债券是指州和地方政府及其授权机构发行的一种长期债券,目的是一般市政支出或特定市政项目融资。美国发行的市政债券长期债券大约在80%以上.根据信用基础的不同,分为一般责任债券和收益债券。一般责任债券由各州、市、县政府发行,以其税收能力为偿债基础。收益债券由为建设某一基础设施而依法成立的地方政府代理机构、委员会或授权机构发行,通过有偿使用这些公共设施的收入来偿还债务。收益债券的风险往往比一般责任债券的风险大,利率高。市政债券市场已经成为美国各州、县政府以及下属机构筹集公共事业所需资金的重要市场,与股…     

中国地方政府共同发行债券模式研究

共同发行债(多个地方政府共同发行债券)是指财政收入规模较小的地方政府联合起来通过建立共同发债筹资机构或者联合发行地方政府债券筹集资金满足支出的融资方式。中国地方政府债务总量规模越来越大,隐蔽性地方债务隐蔽性越来越强,导致地方政府债务总量难以核实和监控。发行地方政府债券是一个让地方债务透明化、阳光化的工程,但是一些相对贫困的省份,发行地方债券由于信用度不够导致债券发行比较困难。本文通过对德国、瑞典、日本等国家共同发行债券筹资的经验分析,从中国的现实条件出发,得出中国建立一个共同发行债的筹资机构或者多省联合共同发行地方政府债券的债券模式是可行的。     

政府融资平台公司转型相关问题研究

】为有效规范地方政府举债,切实化解财政金融风险,根据《国务院关于加强地方政府性债务管理的意见》（国发〔2014〕43号）,各地方 政府应按照党中央、国务院的决策部署,深入贯彻实施预算法,建立“借、用、还”相统一的地方政府性债务管理机制。依原稿剥离融资平台公司政 府融资职能,融资平台公司不得新增政府性债务;地方政府新发生或有债务要严格限制在依法担保的范围内,并要根据合同依法承担相关责任。对没 有收益的公益性项目发行一般债券融资,主要依靠一般公共预算收入偿还,纳入一般公共预算管理;对有一定收益的公益性项目发行专项债券融资, 以对应的政府性基金收入或专项收入偿还,纳入政府性基金预算管理。这对平台公司的转型升级提出了新的要求。     

论我国地方公债的发行与管理

为加快城市基础设施建设、促进地方经济的发展 ,同时为减轻中央财政的债务负担 ,规范地方政府融资行为 ,发展资本市场 ,我国有必要发行地方公债。当前我国已基本具备了发行地方公债的条件。地方公债的顺利发行需要在债券的发行主体、种类与规模、发行方式、期限和利率、债券的信用和评级及二级市场流通等方面进行科学、合理的设计 ,同时为提高债务资金的使用效益 ,确保地方公债的按时还本付息 ,需加强对地方公债的监控和管理。     

“双碳”目标下我国绿色地方政府专项债券的空间碳减排效应

“双碳”目标下我国地方政府面临着巨大的财政压力，而绿色地方政府专项债券是减轻财政压力和改善生态环境的重要财政资金来源。基于2018—2021年我国省级面板数据，实证分析了绿色地方政府专项债券的空间碳减排效应。结果表明：绿色地方政府专项债券的发行显著地降低了碳排放水平，且具有空间溢出效应；在绿色地方政府债券制度中，发行规模越大和地方政府性基金收入越多，则越有利于降低碳排放水平；平均利率和项目收益率越高，则越不利于降低碳排放水平。进一步分析发现，绿色地方政府专项债券可通过优化能源消费结构来降低碳排放水平。因此，需要实施属地和区域联动相结合的治理模式，明确绿色地方政府专项债券资金分担比例；基于地理、经济和碳排放等空间差异，发行不同类型的绿色地方政府专项债券；结合碳减排目标和现状，优化绿色地方政府债券发行与偿还制度；引入第三方机构，加强绿色地方政府专项债券各环节的专业审核、监督与披露。     

建立政府投资项目责任追究制度

政府投资项目通常指政府通过财政投资、发行国债或地方财政债券、利用外国政府赠款以及国家财政担保的国内外金融组织贷款等方式独资或合资兴建的固定资产投资项目.     

完善地方政府专项债作为项目资本金研究

地方政府专项债是地方政府重要的投资资金来源,投资方式主要包括直接投资、资本金注入和政府贷款三种.政府专项债对具体项目的 投资方式应根据项目收益来源和性质确定.对于有一定经营性收入和市场化融资能力的重大项目,政府专项债资金可以作为部分项目资本金,但应当符合《政府投资条例》和项目资本金制度相关要求,不得成为项目单位的债务性资金.对于作为项目资本金的政府专项债资金,要明确地方政府的偿还责任及偿还资金来源.地方政府(或其出资人代表)可以按项目资本金出资比例分红,但不得从项目单位直接划转部分经营性收入作为政府专项债的偿债来源.PPP项目的 融资责任和相关风险应当由社会资本方承担,政府专项债资金应规范审慎用作PPP项目资本金.     

我国地方政府债券定价机制研究——以发行利率影响因素为视角

我国新修订的《中华人民共和国预算法》解除了对地方政府发债的法律限制,使地方政府债券发行规模迅速扩大.发行利率是地方政府债券发行的核心问题之一,但从我国地方政府债券的发行情况来看,其发行利率对政府信用风险体现不足,进而引起了价格扭曲和资源错配.本文的研究结果显示,在地方政府债券发行利率形成的过程中确实存在利率抑制现象;债券的发行规模、发行期限、市场流动性、地方政府的财政收入与经济结构,以及地方政府债务规模等因素对发行利率均有显著影响.本文旨在分析地方政府债券发行的利率抑制现象及地方政府债券发行利率的影响因素,以期为我国地方政府债券体制的完善、控制债务风险以及降低融资成本提供参考.     

如何加强政府投资建设项目管理

政府投资项目是在我国改革开放中出现的一个新概念,由政府通过财政投资、改选国债或地方政府债券向证券市场或资本市场融资,或利用外国政府赠款、国家财政担保的国外金融组织贷款以及行政事业性收入建设的固定资产投资项目.本文就如何加强政府投资建设项目管理进行探讨,具有一定的参考价值.     

美国市政债券发行规模的影响因素分析及对我国的启示——基于灰色关联度的实证研究

选取美国2010年51个州的市政债券相关数据作为初始样本,利用灰色关联分析的方法,对影响美国市政债券发行规模的因素进行实证研究.结果显示:财政赤字、现有流通规模、财政收入等因素会不同程度地影响美国市政债券发行规模.而我国地方政府确定市政债券发行规模时也应考虑地方政府资金需求、地方政府偿债能力及投资者需求等因素,从而形成有效的债务约束机制.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

Nonlinearity in Stock Exchange Markets: The Case of Bist 100 Indices

In this paper,using data for the Bist 100 index,we investigate the presence of nonlinearities by employing several nonlinearity tests.The Brock,Dechert,and Sche...     

Solidified Branding Function: How the Urban Brand Affects a Small Town’s Development? Case Study of Wangqingtuo,Tianjin, China

Chinese small towns are usually developed with single core industry,and the urban brand is the identity of a town that formed with the development of its indust...