Promoting Employee Flexibility Through HR Practices

Current competitive environments have created a growing interest in employee flexibility in firms. Recently researchers have differentiated between two facets of employee flexibility: behavior flexibility and skill flexibility. This study proposes a model of relationships between these two facets of employee flexibility and the extent to which HR practices influence them. This model is tested by estimating structural equation models on a sample of 226 commercial departments in Spanish companies. The results of the study show that the two facets of employee flexibility are interrelated, in that skill flexibility influences behavior flexibility. Furthermore, findings confirm the influence of job enrichment on employee flexibility and the significant effect of the internal fit among HR practices on employee flexibility. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Incentive Pay and Firm Performance: Moderating Roles of Procedural Justice Climate and Environmental Turbulence

In connection with the literature on strategic reward and agency theory, this study investigates the effects of incentive pay on employee outcomes and firm performance. We identify employee outcomes, such as commitment and competence, as mediating processes that explain the effects of incentive pay on firm performance. We further propose procedural justice climate and environmental turbulence as boundary conditions that determine the strength of the effects of incentive pay on employee outcomes. The research model is tested using multisource data collected at three time points over a five‐year period from 227 Korean companies. Our analysis confirmed that incentive pay enhanced employee commitment and competence, which, in turn, improved the operational and financial performances of firms. The effect of incentive pay on employee commitment was negative for firms with a low procedural justice climate, but positive for firms operated under a highly turbulent environment. By contrast, the effect of incentive pay on employee competence was positive only for firms operated under a stable environment. This study enriches the literature by presenting and validating plausible underlying mechanisms and boundary conditions under which strategic performance–contingent incentive pay affects firm performance. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Evaluating Form and Functionality of Pay‐for‐Performance Plans: The Relative Incentive and Sorting Effects of Merit Pay,Bonuses, and Long‐Term Incentives

Using two‐year longitudinal data from a large sample of US employees from a service‐related organization, the present study investigates the relative effects of three forms of pay‐for‐performance (PFP) plans on employees’ job performance (incentive effects) and voluntary turnover (sorting effects). The study differentiates between three forms of pay: merit pay, individual‐based bonuses, and long‐term incentives. By definition, these PFP plans have different structural elements that distinguish them from each other (i.e., pay plan form) and different characteristics (functionality), such as the degree to which pay and performance are linked and the size of the rewards, which can vary both within and across plan types. Our results provide evidence that merit raises have larger incentive and sorting effects than bonuses and long‐term incentives in multi‐PFP plan environments where the three PFP plans are operating simultaneously. Only merit pay has both incentive and sorting effects among the three PFP plans. The implications for the PFP‐related theory, as well as for the design and implementation of PFP plans, are discussed. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

浅析宁夏A建设咨询监理公司薪酬体系

薪酬管理是企业人力资源管理的核心内容,有效的薪酬管理机制能够吸引优秀人才,激发员工的工作积极性,合理控制人力成本,提升企业绩效。如何使薪酬制度体系与企业的经营战略协调发展,在确保企业人力资源供应充足、配备合理的前提下把人力资源成本控制在企业能够承受的范围之内,是企业人力资源管理者亟待解决的一项重要课题。本文通过对宁夏A建设咨询监理有限公司现行薪酬体系分析,指出该结构体系的优点与不足之处,并针对存在的问题提出了相应的改进建议。     

Improving Firm Environmental Performance and Reputation: The Role of Employee Green Teams

This paper examines the link between a firm's organization environmental management capability, represented by the development of green teams made up of employees, and its performance. In particular, two categories of firm performance will be analysed: environmental performance and environmental reputation. This link has been investigated in a sample made of the largest publicly traded US companies. Data about green teams have been collected through the content analysis of firm environmental/sustainability/corporate social responsibility reports and/or their websites, whereas data about environmental performance and reputation are those reported in the US 500 Newsweek's 2010 Green Ranking. Regression analysis results show that the creation of employee green teams positively affects both environmental performance and environmental reputation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment     

国企人力资源管理中薪酬福利的激励初探

论文分析了人力资源管理中激励的有效作用,结合薪酬福利激励作用的影响因素,得出有效运用措施,全面阐述了薪酬福利的激励在国企人力资源管理中的重要性。     

Executive Pay Matters: Looking Beyond the CEO to Explore Implications of Pay Disparity on Non‐CEO Executive Turnover and Firm Performance

Using a longitudinal data set covering a span of 10 years, we investigate the impact of vertical and horizontal pay disparity on non‐CEO executive turnover and subsequent firm performance. Hypothesizing differential responses to pay disparity depending on a non‐CEO executive's responsibilities, we first categorize non‐CEO executives based on their job demands and their role in the organization (e.g., oversight, divisional). We then explore how pay disparity influences the relationship between executive category and turnover, and how the level of pay disparity impacts the relationship between turnover and firm performance. We find that executive category significantly impacts the likelihood of turnover, and also influences firm performance. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Input,Output, and Environmental Management Productivity: Effects on Firm Performance

Firms invest considerable resources to control any of their operations that may have environmental impacts in an attempt to reduce such impacts but also generate economic value. Various studies of the basic creation or destruction of monetary value through environmental performance offer contradictory evidence. Therefore, the present study proposes a new definition of environmental management as the transformation of inputs (resources assigned) into outputs (valuable results). Both inputs and outputs should be taken into account to explain financial outcomes; further consideration should also include a third aspect, namely, ‘environmental management productivity’, which describes the relationship between the outputs and inputs of environmental management. Empirical analyses of Spanish firms with a certified environmental management system subject to the European Union's CO₂ emissions trading system provide evidence that all three aspects must be considered in combination to achieve a more comprehensive view of the impact of environmental management on financial performance. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment     

基于职位族和绩效的多元化薪酬管理模式的研究及其应用

本文分析了岗位制薪酬管理模式、绩效制薪酬管理模式和宽带薪酬管理模式。结合某企业的实际需要,从薪酬分配管理的角度设计了基于职位族和绩效的多元化薪酬管理模式。该模式的核心思想是在薪酬模式中引入了职位族的概念,并从分配的有效均衡角度对薪酬管理进行优化,形成了由人力资源部、经济责任制考核单位、二级单位共同组成的收入分配上的有效均衡、多元化管理模式。实践表明该模式能适应该企业的实际需要,具有一定的借鉴性。     

Broad‐based employee stock ownership: What makes it effective in the management of human resources?

Research linking broad‐based employee stock ownership (BESO) with firm performance continues to receive considerable attention both in and outside the field of management. Despite the evidence being generally positive regarding the BESO–firm performance relationship, there has been a relative dearth of research providing insights into the circumstances surrounding the effectiveness of BESO. With this research gap in mind, we formulated and launched this special issue. This guest editor introduction begins with a look at the research on this topic, followed by a brief discussion of each article accepted for publication. We conclude by highlighting the major themes from the collective contributions of the articles and share insights regarding future research in this growing research domain.     

薪酬战略与薪酬满意度的关系

本文对我国三个地区11家企业287份有效问卷进行统计分析,在控制了基本的个人和组织变量、工资水平后,结果发现基于岗位的薪酬制度能提高薪酬管理、福利两方面的满意度;有奖金的薪酬制度能提高薪酬水平的满意度;高于外部市场平均水平的薪酬制度能提高薪酬管理、福利两方面的满意度;以长期绩效来定奖金的薪酬制度与薪酬满意度不相关;以个体绩效为主要标准确定奖金的薪酬制度能提高四个方面的薪酬满意度。     

The compensation of top managers and the performance of Italian firms

This paper examines one of the most studied aspects regarding the compensation of top managers: the relationship between remuneration and corporate performance. The principle research objective is to find evidence of this correlation in Italian companies. Based on a sample of 145 Italian companies listed on the Milan Stock Exchange, as analysed during the period between 2004 and 2009, the research findings do not demonstrate a link between company performance and the pay of top managers. Another empirical result that should be highlighted is the presence of a greater correlation between rate of pay and company size, in terms of stock turnover, which demonstrates the likely presence, at least in certain situations, of a dimensional premium that is to the benefit of the managers of larger companies. This research project evidences empirical results in the Italian context that support the findings of the most important international literature on the subject, as regards the absence of a connection between the compensation of managers and the performance of their firms.     

Why Complementary HRM Practices Impact Performance: The Case of Rewards,Job Design,and Work Climate in a Knowledge‐Sharing Context

The strategic HRM literature suggests that HRM influences employees in combinations of practices that “fit” each other rather than as stand‐alone practices; however, it pays little attention to the underlying individual‐level mechanisms. In contrast, the HRM literature on knowledge sharing examines the influence of single practices on individual‐level knowledge sharing, but fails to include the influence of combinations of practices. We link the idea of fit between practices to employee motivation for knowledge sharing by arguing that rewards may be ambiguous and difficult to interpret, but that such ambiguity may be reduced if rewards are combined with other aligned HRM practices, notably job design and work climate. Thus, fit is established through the ambiguity‐reducing effect of combining specific HRM practices. Accordingly, we test for complementarities among rewards, job design, and work climate in the form of a three‐way interaction among these variables with respect to their impact on knowledge‐sharing motivation. Our analysis of 1,523 employees in five knowledge‐intensive firms shows that employees who are exposed to knowledge‐sharing rewards experience higher levels of autonomous motivation to share when they are simultaneously exposed to a noncontrolling job design and work climate that support knowledge sharing. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

提高组织绩效沟通有效性的策略分析

薪酬结构中包含绩效工资的组织都面临着如何合理确定员工的工作绩效的问题。员工的绩效评价结果的好坏直接关系到绩效工资的高低,进而影响其工作积极性。要做出合理、公正的绩效评价,管理者就必须与员工进行有效的绩效沟通。掌握绩效沟通策略,提高组织的绩效管理水平。     

关于经理报酬的西方研究动态

经理报酬水平决定的早期模型把报酬看成公司业绩、规模和成长性的函数。在该模型基础上的实证研究发现业绩对经理报酬水平的解释力很弱。为解释该现象，新近的研究开始寻找决定经理报酬水平的其他机制如公司的董事治理、大股东治理，以及经理的人力资源特征；而且还对影响报酬和业绩敏感性的因素如公司财务杠杆、公司的风险、公司董事治理进行研究，寻找解释报酬业绩敏感性较低的原因。     

Performance evaluation will not die,but it should

A wide range of systems for evaluating performance have been used in organisations, ranging from traditional annual performance appraisals to performance management systems built around informal, real‐time evaluations, and these systems almost always fail. Rather than continuing to make cosmetic adjustments to this system, organisations should consider dropping the practice of regularly evaluating the performance of each of their employees, focusing rather on the small subset of situations in which evaluations of performance and performance feedback are actually useful. Four barriers to successful performance evaluation are reviewed: (a) the distribution of performance, (b) the continuing failure to devise reliable and valid methods for obtaining judgments about performance, (c) the limited utility of performance feedback to employees, and (d) the limited utility of performance evaluations to organisations. In this paper, I propose ways of managing performance without relying on regular performance evaluation, refocusing managers' activities from performance management to performance leadership.     

Antecedents and consequences of the introduction of flexible benefit plans in China

The present study had two aims. The first was to explore the extent of flexible benefit plans (flex plans) within China and to make predictions about future trends. The second aim was to examine the relationships between the use of flex plans and two measures of labour market performance: the ability to attract essential employees and the level of labour turnover. The results from a survey of 324 firms in China reflecting a response rate of 32.4% showed that although there are presently a limited number of firms that adopt flex plans, the number is likely to increase in the next few years. Second, the probability of the adoption of flex plans was not found to vary with the mode of ownership and firm location. Third, flex plans were found to be adopted by firms for several practical reasons including their perceived role in cost containment, improved recruitment and retention, enhancement of job satisfaction and labour productivity. The take-up of such plans, however, was found to be inhibited by perceived administrative burdens and costs, and the limited number of staff qualified in benefit provision. Finally, the adoption of flex plans was significantly related to labour turnover and improved recruitment capacity.     

民营企业薪酬管理的问题与对策

经过二十多年的发展,民营企业已成为国民经济的重要组成部分。但是现阶段民营企业薪酬管理中所暴露出来的问题已越来越成为制约民营企业发展的障碍,文章阐述了民营企业薪酬管理方面存在的普遍性问题,并提出了改善民营企业薪酬管理的相应策略。     

股权结构、行业特征与公司绩效

本文以1995～2004年沪深两市全部上市公司为总样本,对股权结构与公司绩效关系分行业地进行了描述性统计和多元回归分析。结果表明,相对集中的股权结构有利于企业绩效,股权构成与公司绩效却无显著相关,无可靠证据表明国有股持股比率与企业绩效负相关。     

整合绩效管理与企业价值提升战略的实现

基于价值的管理是伴随着现代企业制度与资本市场的发展而逐步产生和确立的理论体系和实践方法,现已成为西方企业界一种主要的企业管理模式。本文借鉴整合绩效管理的管理控制理念,主张运用整合绩效管理的管理理念来保证企业价值提升战略的实现,达到股东价值最大化的管理目标,从而实现企业价值提升策略,完善从策略提出到策略实现的企业价值管理模式。