中国股票市场投资者交易偏好及其对股价波动的影响

本文利用2005～2008年深圳A股市场的数据,对各类投资者的交易偏好及其差异、交易偏好与股价波动的关系进行了实证研究。结果表明：（1）机构投资者比个人投资者更偏向于交易大盘股、高价股、低市盈率股和非ST股。各类个人和机构之间的交易偏好存在显著的差异,其中月末平均持股市值在100万元以下的个人投资者对小盘股、低价股、高市盈率股、ST股的偏好程度比其他个人投资者高;（2）无论是按规模、价格、市盈率、是否ST股对股票进行分类后利用Panel固定效应模型,还是应用一般回归模型进行分析,结果都表明,个人交易偏好程度高的股票的波动大于偏好程度低的股票,而机构投资者则相反;在大部分同类型股票中,个人和机构交易量的增加均会强化股价波动,但机构投资者交易量变化对收益波动的影响系数远大于个人。个人投资者的交易偏好及其对波动的影响显示其面临的风险可能较大．加强投资者教育、培养专业化理财队伍并鼓励个人通过专业机构进行投资显得尤为重要。     

机构投资者参与询价对IPO定价效率的影响研究——基于深圳中小板数据的实证分析

IPO定价效率一直是我国新股发行市场最关注的问题之一,文章以2006年9月16日《证券承销与管理办法》颁布后至2008年12月31日深圳中小板上市新股为样本,从参加询价的机构投资者的数量和类型这两个维度来研究机构投资者行为如何影响新股定价效率。研究发现参加询价的机构投资者数量与IPO抑价率正相关;参加询价的机构投资中基金、券商所占比例与IPO抑价率负相关,而财务、信托投资公司所占比例与IPO抑价率正相关。这一发现丰富了对询价制和机构投资者行为的研究。     

个人投资者交易行为研究——来自台湾股市的证据

本文基于台湾股市数据,主要研究个人投资者的交易行为。参照Kaniel et al.(2008)构建了个人投资者交易不平衡性指标─净交易,以反映投资者股票交易的强度。采用这种交易不平衡性指标来构建投资组合研究个人投资者的交易行为。首先研究个人投资者交易和股票的收益之间的动态关系从而分析投资者的交易策略,然后研究个人投资者净交易的收益预测能力从而分析个人投资者交易的信息含量。本文研究发现:台湾股票市场的个人投资者采用负反馈的交易策略,并且个人投资者在交易中表现出很强的处置效应;个人投资者在交易中的信息含量不足;个人投资者交易中的盈利主要来自两个方面:过度反应和价格冲击。文章最后给出政策建议。     

我国证券投资者预测能力的实证研究

本文利用深圳证券交易所所有投资者账户信息和交易信息,基于财富水平,将个人投资者分为小个人组、中个人组和大个人组三类,在此基础上,研究分类个人投资者和机构投资者对股票价格走势的预测能力.结果显示,个人投资者的中个人组和大个人组的预测能力与机构投资者相似,买入股票的预测能力较好,卖出股票的预测能力较差.而小个人组及个人投资者总体的预测能力较为独立,买入股票的预测能力较差,卖出股票的预测能力较好.研究表明,大公司股票和小公司股票对投资者的预测能力没有影响,但是市场走势在一定程度上影响了投资者的预测能力.     

机构投资者会主动管理媒体报道吗？

文章实证检验了机构投资者是否存在通过管理媒体报道来获取超额收益的行为。研究发现：（1）媒体报道对股票价格的影响符合“注意力驱动效应”,即媒体报道数量与股票超额收益显著正相关;（2）机构投资者会利用媒体报道的这一效应来获取股票超额收益,即机构投资者存在利用媒体来制造信息噪音以引导市场热点的短期炒作行为,进而验证了“主动媒体管理”假说;（3）机构投资者的媒体管理行为会提高其所持有股票未来大幅下跌的可能性,即带来更大的股价崩盘风险。文章将机构投资者行为和媒体报道进行了有机结合,拓展了相关领域的研究文献,而且研究结论为进一步规范机构投资者行为和媒体报道提供了经验证据。     

股票发行注册制改革、投资者情绪和IPO抑价

随着注册制改革的全面推行，发行制度和交易制度的变革如何影响IPO股票定价成为多方关注的重点。以创业板注册制改革作为准自然实验，构建DID模型，探寻投资者情绪对IPO股票定价的影响发现，相对于核准制主板市场，投资者参与注册制创业板IPO股票“打新”的热情上升，投资者情绪加剧了注册制创业板IPO股票抑价。同时，相对于主板市场，注册制创业板IPO股票表现出更高的信息含量，这说明，注册制改革后，IPO抑价的变化不能由信息不对称解释。进一步分析显示，在投资者情绪推升股票短期估值的情况下，注册制创业板IPO股票表现出更显著的长期反转。分析师关注度高、乐观程度高、意见分歧大的股票，IPO抑价受注册制的影响更大。投资者结构更理性的科创板股票没有表现出更高的投资者情绪和IPO抑价，说明投资者情绪影响了创业板IPO定价。上述结论意味着，在注册制改革过程中，政府、企业和投资者不仅需要了解上市公司相关信息的披露情况，还需要密切关注股票投资者情绪变化，促进资本市场和实体经济的稳定发展。     

机构投资者关注对股票流动性的影响

笔者以2006年~2008年在深圳上市的1119家A股公司为样本,研究了机构投资者关注对上市公司股票流动性的影响。结果发现:机构投资者关注度高的公司股票的换手率高、交易量大,机构投资者关注对机构投资者持股比例低、流通市值小的公司影响更大。     

我国股票投资者情绪指数构建的研究

本文利用主成份分析法,以换手率、封闭式基金折价率、异常交易量、新增开户数、IPO发行量为代理变量构造投资者情绪指数.进而采用多元回归方法对我国股票市场上证综合指数股票收益率与投资者情绪相关性进行研究.研究结果表明本文所构造的投资者情绪能够在一定程度上反映投资者情绪.     

盈余信息、个人投资者关注与股票价格

文章利用股票日内交易数据构建订单流不平衡指标,考察了个人投资者在不同信息属性盈余公告上的注意力分配情况及对股票价格产生的影响。结果表明:(1)个人投资者倾向于关注好消息公告,公告期间股票交易量异常高,受有限注意力制约,其在公告期间表现出显著的净买入行为;(2)个人投资者的净买入行为引起股票价格在盈余公告期间大幅上涨,随着公告后投资者对上市公司的关注恢复到常态,股票价格发生反转,上述发现验证了价格压力假说;(3)个人投资者的净买入行为引起股价在公告日对盈余信息的反应更为强烈,但公告后价格漂移对盈余信息的敏感程度下降,说明投资者关注能够提高信息解读效率。     

中国股市中个体投资者处置效应的实证研究

本文基于行为金融理论,通过来源于南京某一证券营业部的个体投资者的交易数据来研究中国证券市场中个体投资者的处置效应。文章首先将1997年1月1日至2004年12月1日的中国股市划分为牛市和熊市。分别研究牛市和熊市中投资者是否存在处置效应。结果发现在牛市中个体投资者表现出了更强的处置效应,但是在熊市中个体投资者却表现出了反处置效应,即投资者卖出亏损的股票而持有盈利的股票。此外投资者的个体信息会对投资者的行为产生影响。     

Do Retail Investors Follow Insider Trades?

On the basis of transaction records of retail investors provided by a large financial institution, this article analyzes whether, in the aggregate, retail investors do copy insider trades. The results suggest that insider trades are indeed an important piece of information for the transactions of retail investors, whose buy–sell imbalances (BSIs) increase in stocks which insiders buy, and whose BSIs decrease following insider sales. These results are robust when considering stock characteristics and general attention effects. With regard to trading insider stocks, retail investors’ preferences for growth and attention are less pronounced when compared with trades of noninsider stocks.     

IPO发行价溢价异象与投资者情绪研究

以2003—2011年沪深两市所有A股作为样本进行研究可以发现,IPO发行价与IPO溢价之间存在显著的负相关关系,IPO发行价越低,IPO溢价现象越明显,称之为“发行价溢价异象”。采用受限因变量Tobit模型对投资者结构进行分析又可发现,IPO发行价越低,个人投资者持股比例越高,机构投资者持股比例越低．由此表明,正是由于低发行价股票投资以个人投资者为主,个人投资者易于受到投资者情绪影响,高估股票价值,增加非理性投资需求,寸导致了“发行价溢价异象”产生。     

中国股市机构投资者多账户交易行为研究

多账户交易行为是中国机构投资者的典型特征,是中国股票市场的特有现象。限于交易数据的可获得性,相关研究较少。本文提出了一种从交易数据中将机构投资者的交易记录分离出来的方法。据此,本文分析了机构投资者证券账户与资金账户的对应关系,证实了多账户交易行为的存在,发现采用多账户交易的机构投资者具有集中投资、日内多次交易、利用不同证券账户进行建仓、对敲、拉升股价、出货等基本特征。根据实证研究的结果并结合实例,本文揭示了机构投资者多账户交易的动机是隐蔽交易、拉升股价和申购新股。     

国有银行上市改革及引入境外投资者的模型分析

本文对国有银行上市改革和引入战略投资者的行为进行了分析。通过数学模型证明:(1)国有银行改革的初始条件直接关系改革的成功与否;(2)国有银行的改革成本与外资参股比例呈U型曲线关系。改革成本与外资参股比例的关系决定是否应引入外资。如改革成本与外资参股比例无关,政府没有引入战略投资者的动力;(3)市场对改革成败的预期是决定外资参股价格的关键因素。由于战略投资者不能掌握国有银行控制权,其参股比例与参股价格成反比;(4)根据结论测算,中国工商银行、中国银行定价略低,中国建设银行定价有微小溢价。     

Individual investor’s limited attention and IPO performance

The paper models and verifies the spread and decay of investor’s attention before listing on the stock market by using the Baidu Index as a proxy for investor attention of the frequency of searches. We find that individual investor’s attention has a significant influence on the first-day IPO return. We empirically study the allocation of investor attention among several stocks and discover that the more stocks going public on the same day, the milder and more similar their performance tends to be. This paper is the first to research IPO performance and individual attention.     

The effects of haze pollution on stock performances: evidence from China

Haze pollution has become the most important environmental issue in China in recent years. Using the data of PM_2.5 concentration and stocks of listed companies located in Beijing between 2010 and 2014, this article investigates the effects of haze pollution on stock performances. Empirical results indicate that haze pollution has significant negative effects on stock returns and significant positive effects on stock volatilities, through the channel of investors’ mood. Furthermore, the effects of haze pollution on stock returns emerge gradually and the effects of haze pollution on stock volatilities weaken gradually over time during a trading day.     

Do Institutional and Individual Investors Differ in Their Preference for Financial Skewness?

Employing a unique sample of individual and institutional investors, we conduct experiments to determine investors’ preference for (or indifference to) financial skewness. We present investors with a series of stocks with varying levels of skewness. Using Instant Response Devices, we then collect investors’ choices to hold or sell each stock. Among stocks with equal expected returns, we find strong evidence that the sample investors use a prospect theory utility function rather than a mean-variance expected utility function to decide to sell or hold stocks. In the loss domain, we find that investors are ambivalent about the choice between positively and negatively skewed stocks. However, in the gain domain, we find that both individual and institutional investors prefer negatively skewed stocks—a contrast from previous research suggesting that individuals (and not institutional investors) prefer positive skewness. We also find evidence suggesting that reference points are important in financial decision making.     

Does individual investors’ attention influence underwriters’ IPO pricing?

ABSTRACT

Using a unique Chinese IPO bidding dataset and a particular social media dataset, we examine the impact of individual investors’ attention on underwriters’ offer price adjustment, offer price revision, IPO initial returns, and long-term performance. We find that when a company receives more attention from individual investors before the underwriter finalizes the offer price, the underwriter will adjust the offer price higher. Moreover, we find that the IPO initial returns are significantly positively related to individual investors’ attention. These findings suggest that individual investors will influence underwriters’ pricing behaviour from a new perspective, – –investors’ attention. Finally, we do not find a significant relationship between individual investors’ attention and IPO long-run performance.     

Short sale constraints,disperse pessimistic beliefs and market efficiency — Evidence from the Chinese stock market

In the Chinese stock market, the regulatory agency lists qualified stocks on announcement date and permits investors to sell short on the effective date, a practice that allows us to directly study the impact of short sale constraints. Applying an event study to 511 additions, between February 2010 and August 2013, of individual stocks to the list of securities qualified for short sale, we find that short sale constraints cause individual stocks to be overpriced and that such overvaluation is exclusively related to distortions associated with pessimistic beliefs. In addition, we observe lower volatility, skewness and extreme value frequency of stock returns after short sale constraints are lifted. This implies the emergence of a more appropriate distribution of returns and improved market efficiency at the individual stock level as the range of securities qualified for short selling expands.     

Herding on lottery-type stocks: evidence from the Chinese stock market

Previous studies have provided evidence that investors have gambling propensity in the stock market and exhibit a preference for lottery-type stocks. In this study, we use high total skewness and high maximum daily return (MAX) to measure lottery-type stocks and examine whether investors do exhibit distinct herding pattern in these stock types. Empirical results show that investors display stronger herding among lottery-type stocks, thereby indicating that such stocks induce correlated behaviour with the investors. In addition, we find that stocks with the highest skewness exhibit stronger herding under upmarkets, whereas stocks with the lowest skewness display stronger herding under downmarkets. Regarding the highest MAX portfolio, no significant herding asymmetry is seen between upmarket and downmarket. The results reported in this article demonstrate that comovement in stock returns may be partly attributed to the nonstandard preferences of investors in the stock market.