A meta-synthesis of primary and secondary student design cognition research

International Journal of Technology and Design Education - Design within primary and secondary schools has been increasingly emphasized over the past decade. As a response to this increased...     

Practical modelling and hypothesis testing in primary design and technology education

This article explores relationships between designing and making in the work of children within the age range 5–11 when engaged in practical modelling tasks. The notion of the model is explored from the perspective of concrete representations. It is suggested that concrete models may be used as hypotheses from which to test ideas about the nature of the world. From this perspective, models may be seen to provide crucial platforms for learning. A wide range of sources has informed the article, and these embrace ideas on Hypothesis Theory drawn from linguistic research, as well as historical sources which trace the evolution and development of stimuli for model-making activity. A creative basis for modelling is explored such that a conclusion is reached in which design is seen as an expression of the modelling of possibilities.     

Offshoring Professional Services: Institutions and Professional Control

We examine the reasons why one might expect it to be more difficult to offshore professional work than manufacturing work in a globalized world. We then provide data on the variations in a specific case — the offshoring of diagnostic radiology from the USA, UK and Singapore. We show that existing theories on the ‘offshorability’ of jobs have not captured how national institutions and occupational regulations continue to define professional work. We then review the question of supply from India's perspective and report that both macro‐institutional and organizational contexts make it complicated for Indian doctors to supply much of this service.     

Computational thinking embedded in engineering design: capturing computational thinking of children in an informal engineering design activity

Just as engineering and computational thinking have recently gained increased attention in pre-college school-based education, many museums and science centers have also designed exhibits and experiences to promote computational thinking and engineering learning. Recent reports suggest that computational and engineering thinking can empower each other, and engineering design can be an appropriate context for children’s engagement in computational thinking. Previous studies have documented young children’s abilities to engage in engineering thinking and other studies have collected evidence of young children’s abilities to engage in computational thinking. However, there is little research that explores how children’s engagement in both engineering and computational thinking can support each other. Hence, in this qualitative case study, we aimed to examine how 5 to 7-year-old children engage in computational thinking competencies in the context of a family based engineering design activity. This activity was conducted at a small science center exhibit. In our presented findings we map children’s enactment of at least one CT competency to children’s engagement in engineering design actions.

     

电力监管与行业自律

本栏编发的三篇文章,从不同的角度探讨了电力监管问题,有从电力监管与行业自律的关系角度入手,有从电力监管的相关法律法规体系的角度入手,还有从设立监管机构的原则的角度入手,虽然观点各异,均属一家之言,但对我们更深入地理解我国当前电力体制改革中的监管问题却有参考价值。     

会计职业判断

新准则的实施对会计职业判断水平提出了新的要求,市场经济的发展和不确定性因素的增加,加大了会计处理和选择的难度,客观环境要求会计人员具备较高的职业判断能力.会计职业判断贯穿手会计工作的全过程.会计人员主体因素和环境因素直接影响会计职业判断.进行会计职业判断应遵守法律、会计准则和职业道德等一系列法规制度和道德规范.通过转变观念、加强理论学习和实践训练等手段达到提高会计人员职业判断能力的目的.     

Competition and Fan Substitution Between Professional Sports Leagues

Review of Industrial Organization - A peculiarity in professional sports is the fact that leagues regularly hold monopoly power within their sports. However, whether and to what extent these...     

纺织专业英语的特点及翻译技巧

在纺织专业英语教学中,由于其专业性强、逻辑性强和条理性强的特点,其翻译具有特殊性和复杂性,难度较大,本文引用教材实例,探讨了纺织专业英语在字词、句子、结构等方面的语言特色,并据此提出在纺织专业英语翻译过程中的技巧和方法。     

Motivation for creativity in architectural design and engineering design students: implications for design education

The investigation reported here dealt with the study of motivation for creativity. The goals were to assess motivation for creativity in architectural design and engineering design students based on the Cognitive Orientation theory which defines motivation as a function of a set of belief types, themes, and groupings identified as relevant for the development of creativity. Differences between the two groups of students were expected in some of the scores of the belief types, themes, and groupings. Participants were 112 students (52 from architecture, and 60 from engineering) who were administered the questionnaire of the Cognitive Orientation of Creativity. Significant differences in numerous motivational contents were observed between the groups of students. Major characteristics of the architectural design students were an emphasis on the inner world, inner-directedness, and a development of the self, and of the engineering design students being receptive to the environment, and demanding from oneself despite potential difficulties. The findings provide insights for intervention programs targeted at improving architectural and engineering design education.     

论会计职业道德

本文分析了我国目前会计职业道德存在的问题及原因,并针对当前存在的问题提出了改进措施。     

论教师的职业道德

教师职业道德是教师自始至终必须遵循的行为规范,在教书育人过程中,应该把向学生传播科学文化知识、培养学生的智力和能力和用人类崇高的思想、高尚的道德去塑造学生的灵魂有机的统一起来。     

Reusing design knowledge based on design cases and knowledge map

Design knowledge was reused for innovative design work to support designers with product design knowledge and help designers who lack rich experiences to improve their design capacity and efficiency. First, based on the ontological model of product design knowledge constructed by taxonomy, implicit and explicit knowledge was extracted from some design cases. The design knowledge was expressed using a constructional organization. With the knowledge map, design knowledge was illustrated to help novice designers reconstruct specific design cases, thus, encouraging innovative design. Four groups of designers were invited to participate in an experiment for the design knowledge map system. The experiment results verified the effectiveness of the method.     

Technology education for children in primary schools in Finland and Germany: different school systems, similar problems and how to overcome them

Even if the results of international student assessment studies such as PISA or TIMSS show that girls have been catching up in mathematics and natural sciences, there are still remarkable gender differences in the number of males and females studying and working in the technological fields after basic education. Technology is still a male-dominated area. This is true for the German and Finnish societies. Results of the studies conducted in the UPDATE project show that influences on interest in technological themes take place already in early childhood. Therefore, efforts should be put in developing early childhood education and elementary school education, to raise girls’ interests and motivation towards technology. This article reports the results of the UPDATE-WorkPackage3-project mainly in Finland and in Germany. It concentrates on studying elementary school pupils’ (age 6–12), particularly girls’ motivation towards the contents and methods of technology education. Various curriculum documents and national learning conditions are discussed and suggestions for the gender equitable technology education are made.     

浅谈会计职业判断

会计职业判断是会计人员按照国家法律、法规,结合企业自身特点,运用掌握的会计专业知识和工作经验,对会计主体发生的经济事项和交易采用准确的会计处理原则、方法等,进行的合理且合法的选择与判断。对会计职业判断的主要特点和会计人员提高职业判断能力的途径进行了论述,认为会计人员必须具有良好的职业判断力,才能适应市场经济条件下复杂多变的经济环境,准确处理经济事项与交易。