厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)的应用研究进展

介绍了国内外对厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)的特性研究,包括生物分离特性、颗粒污泥特性、水力特性的研究,介绍了ABR处理不同废水的研究,ABR拥有许多优于其他厌氧工艺的特点,能够处理各种不同类型的废水,如低温废水、有机废水、有毒性废水及难降解有机废水等。ABR对处理难降解有机废水和有毒废水具有良好的研究开发价值和广阔的应用前景     

pH值对ABR反应器运行稳定性的影响

以人工配制的葡萄糖废水为试验对象,讨论了废水的pH值及其变化对ABR反应器运行稳定性以及处理效能的影响。     

低温下悬浮物质对ABR处理城市污水的影响

在低温条件下，采用厌氧折流板反应器（ABR）处理城市污水（中试）。试验结果表明，通过控制水力停留时间（HRT）和水力负荷率（Vr），当进水COD和SS浓度分别为150～350mg/L和90-240mg／L时，去除率分别达到65％～75％和80％～85％。保持第3、4格室污泥浓度在20g/L左右，防止影响厌氧污泥产甲烷活性。     

ABR+活性污泥法工艺在啤酒废水中的应用

啤酒企业在生产过程中会产生大量废水,水质、水量波动大,其中含有大量有机污染物,COD、BOD_5、SS浓度较高,是一种处理难度较大的工业废水。本文以工程实例为依据,介绍了采用ABR+活性污泥法工艺处理啤酒废水的设计、调试经验。经过半年的运行,一个月的连续监测,进水COD为1 000~5 000 mg/L,处理水量为5 000 m~3/d;出水COD小于80 mg/L,COD去除率为90%。结果表明,处理出水可以稳定达到啤酒废水排放一级标准。     

好氧复合式生物反应器在醋酯废水处理中的应用

针对公司醋酯废水来水负荷变化大、预处理能力不足、生化处理工艺单一等问题,本研究设计开发了好氧复合式生物反应器系统,用于醋酯废水的处理,以解决现有处理工艺适应性差、系统抗冲击能力弱等问题,其间具体对比研究了好氧复合式生物反应器与单一生物挂膜法对同工况醋酯废水的COD去除效果。结果表明,在进水容积负荷保持4.0～5.0 kgCOD/(m~3·d)时,现有的生物挂膜法处理工艺在合理运行参数下对醋酯废水中的COD去除率可达到75%;在控制末段水DO 4.5～5.0 mg/L、pH 6.5～6.8、SV_(30) 20%～30%、MLSS 4～5 g/L时,好氧复合式生物反应器对醋酯废水中的COD去除率可达到85%。     

臭氧催化氧化-BAC深度处理燃料乙醇废水的中试研究

某燃料乙醇企业生化尾水采用臭氧催化氧化-生物活性炭(BAC)组合工艺进行深度处理.本试验考察了O3反应时间、O3投加量和BAC停留时间对废水化学需氧量(COD)、色度、氨氮去除率的影响.结果表明,当进水COD为245～275 mg/L,色度为16～64倍,氨氮为9～13 mg/L时,在臭氧催化反应时间40 min、投加...     

番茄酱生产废水生化处理的实验研究

分别用3L的中温37℃UASB反应器和4L的常温好氧SBR反应器进行实验,研究番茄酱生产废水厌氧、好氧生化性能。实验研究表明,废水COD进水浓度为1500mg／L时,低负荷厌氧、好氧的COD去除率均达到90％左右,厌氧在COD负荷上升到10g／（L·d）的COD去除率仍可保持在80％以上;好氧在HRT=8h时,COD去除率可保持在85％左右。     

畜禽养殖废水资源化利用研究

针对畜禽养殖场废水的特点,应用以ABR-BAF为主体的废水处理工艺.实际运行结果表明,在进水COD为6 000 mg/L、BOD5为4000 mg/L、SS为1 200 mg/L和NH3-N为400 mg/L的条件下,出水COD为85 mg/L、BOD5,为45 mg/L、SS为15 mg/L、NH3-N为12 mg/L,达到《城市污水再生利用农田灌溉用水水质》(GB 20922-2007)排放标准.     

平板式陶瓷膜在垃圾渗滤液处理中的应用

基于平板式陶瓷膜(微纳瓷膜NanoMem),本文采用了厌氧处理+膜生物反应器(MBR)+纳滤工艺(NF)对垃圾渗滤液进行处理。进水处化学需氧量(COD)、氨氮(NH_3-N)、总氮(TN)含量分别为1963 mg/L,21.86 mg/L,31.88 mg/L,经过处理后,出水口浓度分别降低到579.9mg/L,9.29mg/L,19.12mg/L,去除率分别为70.5%,57.5%,40.0%。同时,可有效去除渗滤液中的固体悬浮物和大分子,出水透明澄清。     

A3/O+MBBR污水处理站在我国北方农村的工程应用研究

目前，缺氧(预脱硝)-厌氧-缺氧-好氧(A³/O)工艺和移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)已经广泛应用于污水处理领域，可以进行组合运用。本文以我国北方某农村污水处理工程为例，分析了A³/O+MBBR污水处理站在冬季低温条件下的处理效果及运行成本。冬季运行期间，出水化学需氧量(COD)、悬浮物(SS)、氨氮(NH₃-N)、总氮(TN)与总磷(TP)的均值分别为27.67 mg/L、7.16 mg/L、2.92 mg/L、9.50 mg/L与0.34 mg/L，出水各项主要指标均稳定控制在《农村生活污水排放标准》(DB13/2171—2020)的一级A标准限值以内。处理规模30～200 t/d的污水处理站工程费用为1.29万～4.82万元/t，以设备购置费为主，冬季运行成本为0.92～1.45元/t，以电耗为主，人工成本及污泥处置成本较低。     

利用膜技术回收利用碱性废水研究进展

回顾了利用膜分离技术处理碱性废水的工艺与综合利用技术所取得的丰硕成果，总结了各种治理方法的特点、适用性及发展方向。     

Taxing Times in Indonesia: The Challenge of Restoring Competitiveness and the Search for Fiscal Space

Indonesia’s economic growth picked up slightly in mid-2016 but remains below the level demanded by government and popular aspirations. Despite a plethora of reforms intended to increase efficiency and productivity, some policies are perverse and longstanding problems of implementation remain. The share of manufacturing has declined, the real exchange rate has appreciated, exports have dwindled, and growth has been trending downwards. The banking sector is stable but inefficient, with wide net interest margins and numerous barriers to competition. Trade protection, particularly in basic food commodities, has created high costs that weigh particularly heavily on the poor. Declining government revenues have placed increasing pressure on the public budget, even as the current administration aims to increase spending on infrastructure and welfare and to enhance productivity. In an effort to increase revenues, the government has announced a tax amnesty program and other measures. In addition, Sri Mulyani Indrawati, the new finance minister, has taken steps to cut non-essential expenditure in order to secure high spending on infrastructure and at the same time keep within the 3% budget deficit limit stipulated by law. Although the overall debt situation is not yet alarming, declining revenues and budget cuts that do not fully reflect this decline are putting pressure on increasing debt levels. The government’s high-profile tax amnesty program was the major policy initiative implemented in the second half of 2016 that aimed to relieve this pressure. Despite widespread criticism of, and scepticism about, the tax amnesty (both within and outside Indonesia), its first phase had a much higher participation rate than most independent accounts expected. Revenues raised so far through the amnesty are less than 60% of the official target, but this is actually a strong result for the short term. The bigger question, however, is whether the amnesty is a key element of a more encompassing strategy to overhaul the system of taxation and tax administration.     

Penetration and Post-infection Development of Meloidogyne Incognita on Tobacco as Treated by Rhizobacteria Pseudomonas Fluorescens Strain P-72-10

The bio-control potential of rhizospere bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens against plant-parasite nematode had been demonstrated. P. fluorescens had shown the effect to enhance tobacco resistance to root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Inoculation with P. fluoreseens in tobacco could lead to significant reductions in the number of juveniles that penetrated tobacco root and further life stage development of the juveniles. The number of juveniles penetrated into tobac- co root in treatment with P. fluorescens is significantly different from CK at 2DAI, 6DAI, 8DAI and 10DAI. Significant reduction and delayed development of juveniles that penetrated into tobacco root and treated were observed in treatment at 14DAI, 21DAI, 28DAI and 35DAI. In addition, P. fluoreseens treatment leads to a significant reduction in the number of eggs per egg-mass at 35 DAI. The results show P. fluorescens induced a continuously suppression on root-knot nema- tode M. incognita throughout their entire early infection phase of root penetration, subsequent life stage development and reproduction.     

The causes of Japan's ‘lost decade’: The role of household consumption

In this paper, I analyze the causes of the prolonged slowdown of the Japanese economy in the 1990s and find that the stagnation of investment, especially private fixed investment, was the primary culprit. I then investigate the causes of the stagnation of household consumption during the 1990s and find that the stagnation of household disposable income, the decline in household wealth, and increased uncertainty about the future are among the contributing factors. Finally, I consider whether demand side factors or supply side factors were more important as causes of the prolonged slowdown of the Japanese economy in the 1990s and conclude that the former (especially misguided government policies) were probably more important.     

Stature growth in industrializing Argentina: The Buenos Aires industrial belt 1916-1950

A sustained long-term increase in average stature accompanied the process of import-substituting industrialization in the main suburban area of Argentina, the Buenos Aires Conurbano. This gain in net nutrition was attained before the rise to power of a re-distributionist political party: the Peronists. The article also provides evidence of a decline in average heights during the period 1939-1945, which challenges us to revise the traditional wisdom about the impact of World War II and Peronist social policies and its implications for the nutrition and health of children. The new evidence on heights shows also persistent social and regional differences over time that had not been documented before.     

The Transfer of Property Rights from the Public to the Private Sector in Hong Kong: A Critical Assessment

Abstract

The privatization idea may have lost some of its luster in recent years, but it remains relevant in today's socio-economic environment and is pursued consistently in industrialized and industrializing countries alike. Hong Kong has followed the general pattern in a manner reflecting its particular circumstances and its institutional modus operandi. The underlying logic may not appear highly compelling, from a short-term perspective, yet there are sound grounds for approaching the task positively, if viewed from a multi-year standpoint. Rather surprisingly, for such a quintessentially capitalist society, Hong Kong has not confronted the privatization challenge astutely on the political front and has handled it somewhat mechanically in managerial terms. The benefits to the community may have thus been more modest than one could legitimately expect, given the historical backdrop.     

Measuring performance: Ranking state success over two decades in India

This paper proposes new composite measures of relative and dynamic state performance to improve governance and delivery of public programs in developing countries with a federal structure. We illustrate the use of the indices to rank the performance of 19 major Indian states on two large development programs launched by the Indian government over the last two decades using publicly available data. Although we find volatility in performance over time, there exists a positive correlation between measures of initial (administrative) state capacity, development and accountability with program outcomes. Our findings have important implications for both the design and implementation of large-scale public programs across developing countries.