计算机制造业产品差别化成因分析

根据计算机制造业的特点,从客观条件与消费者主观选择这两个方面具体分析了计算机制造业产品差别化的形成原因,并对运用产品差别化战略的计算机制造企业提出了相应的建议。     

Product Differentiation and Upstream-Downstream Relations

This paper examines the relationship between a differentiated downstream market and a specialized upstream market. We analyze three different types of vertical relation between the upstream and downstream sectors when the upstream market supplies specialized and complementary inputs to a downstream product-differentiated market. The first is the benchmark case of decentralized markets, the second is a network of alliances among upstream suppliers, and the third is partial vertical integration. We identify the perfect equilibrium for a symmetric model in each case and show that there is no simple relationship between the degree of connection between upstream and downstream firms and profitability. The key factor affecting prices and the relative profitability of the different market organizations is the degree of product differentiation among the downstream firms, because it affects the intensity of competition among upstream suppliers. We show that vertical foreclosure is not an equilibrium strategy.     

我国医药制造业企业并购动因分析

文中从我国医药制造业企业发展现状及发展趋势研究入手,分析了医药制造业企业并购的动因,具体研究了我国医药制造业企业并购的一般动因及特殊动因。     

Product Differentiation and the Location of International Production

We analyze how product differentiation influences firms' choice between exporting and foreign direct investment. When product specifications are determined endogenously, we show that there is no symmetric solution to the product specification subgame. The cost disadvantage of an exporting firm translates into a disadvantage in product specification. Overseas production is favored if this allows the investing firm to adopt a more aggressive product specification. Our analysis suggests an ambiguous relationship among location, product differentiation, and cost and demand functions, confirmed by the existence of a parameter range for which there is no pure strategy equilibrium in location choice.     

Mergers in Two-Sided Markets: An Application to the Canadian Newspaper Industry

In this paper, we study mergers in two-sided industries and, in particular, the effects of mergers in the newspaper industry. We present a model which shows that mergers in two-sided markets may not necessarily lead to higher prices for either side of the market. We test our conclusions by examining a spate of mergers in the Canadian newspaper industry in the late 1990s. Specifically, we analyze prices for both circulation and advertising to try to understand the impact that these mergers had on consumer welfare. We find that greater concentration did not lead to higher prices for either newspaper subscribers or advertisers.     

论我国种业企业并购财务管理

在激烈的市场竞争中,"适者生存,优胜劣汰"已经成为了企业成长的基本规律。在全球经济的发展背景下,并购作为企业资源配置的重要模式,对一国产业结构的调整、社会资源的配置、企业结构的优化、技术水平的创新、核心竞争力的形成都产生着深远的影响。因此对于各国企业而言,要想在短时间内提高自身竞争力,并购是一个有效手段。目前我国种业正经历着重组和整合阶段,妥善处理好并购重组中的相关财务管理问题,是实现资本成功运作的前提和基础。     

上市公司产业并购基金的研究

近年来,我国基金发展迅速,发展空间是巨大。上市公司为寻求进一步发展,纷纷设立基金以获得更高收益。文章针对我国上市公司发起设立产业并购基金这一问题进行了研究,认为产业并购基金能拓宽上市公司融资渠道和投资渠道,但也存在一些问题,应加强监督管理,慎重选择目标公司,减少其并购风险,并重视在并购活动进行业务整合。     

企业实施产品差异化战略分析

在当今市场中,产品趋同化现象日益严重,这使企业的盈利能力越来越低。要想改变企业的这种局面,实施产品差异化战略是一个重要的途径。本文首先阐述了产品差异化的概念及类别,在分析产品差异化的作用之后,结合实际论述了企业如何实现产品差异化。     

产品差异、转移成本和创新激励

文章在豪泰林空间差异化模型的基础上构建了静态完全信息博弈模型,研究转移成本和生产成本对市场竞争产生的影响以及转移成本下企业的创新激励。     

试论服务业差异化竞争模式与服务标准化

服务商对差异化竞争战略的选择主要受制于博弈双方目标客户群体的交叉程度、服务商与目标客户群体的信息对称程度两大因素。按两大因素的状态进行组合,可得到服务商竞争关系矩阵图。服务商要降低来自其他服务商的竞争强度,就必须提高自身产品的差异化程度,提高与目标客户群体的信息对称程度,搞好与目标客户群体的信息沟通,加强服务业的标准化建设。     

论我国种业企业并购团队建设及管理

当前世界种业正在不断的并购重组,向规模化、集团化、国际化方向发展,但我国种业企业规模小、数目多、产业集中程度低,种子盈利能力低,企业研发能力低等问题突出,种业企业并购团队极易出现前期团队结构失衡、中期文化融合困难、后期团队整合难度大等问题,并购团队的平台建设、文化融合和整合能力将成为种业企业并购团队建设及管理的重中之重。     

Strategic Transfer Pricing and Social Welfare under Product Differentiation

In this paper, we investigate the social impacts of strategic transfer pricing by oligopoly firms, aiming to derive regulatory implications for transfer prices. A notable finding from our model is that the negative effects on social welfare of transfer prices being set above marginal cost are pronounced when either (1) the number of competing firms is large and the product is relatively highly differentiated or (2) the number of firms is small and the product is not very differentiated. This result indicates that even when the number of firms in the industry is significant and the market is thus apparently competitive, the authorities should not overlook the possibility that setting transfer prices above marginal cost might seriously damage social welfare if the product is highly differentiated.     

软测量技术在工业上的实施探讨

本文以某炼油厂蒸馏装置为例,论述软测量在工业上实施的步骤,探讨在TDC-3000上实施的几种方案和软测量在实施中应注意的几个问题。     

The Low‐Quality Advantage in Vertical Product Differentiation

By assuming a triangular distribution of consumers' willingness to pay for quality, this paper makes use of the stylized fact that low‐income households are more numerous than high‐income households, and thus, income distributions are right‐skewed. Accordingly, we present a straightforward two‐firm, two‐stage vertical product differentiation model with quality‐dependent marginal production costs, where the firm offering the low‐quality product has the larger market share and profit than the top‐quality competitor. This can be termed low‐quality advantage and may explain the success of large retailers serving the masses by offering low‐quality products. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

创业者能力和机会对产品差异化优势的影响

本研究针对相关产业成长期创业的差异化阶段进行探索性研究。研究问题：哪些知识和机会概念的构成因素产生产品属性与竞争优势？经过对方太公司案例的探索,得出以下结论：低相关产业成长期创业的产业特殊知识门槛低,创业团队的学习创新能力强,创业决策时存在创业机会,才能使产品差异化成功。创业机会是一个潜藏着利润的特殊产业结构,本研究命名为创业机会结构,它由以下项目构成：（1）下游存在市场需求并成长;（2）忽视产品问题的竞争者数量多;（3）创业者有异质理念知识。差异化成功将产生上市新产品的三个产品竞争属性,即产品需求强度、产品有价值的差异程度、产品稀少性。这三个产品竞争属性正向影响产品竞争优势程度,进一步影响后续的利润。     

Product Differentiation, Strategic Divisionalization, and Persistence of Monopoly

This paper analyzes the strategic incentive of oligopolists to create autonomous rival divisions when products are differentiated. We consider a two-stage game where firms choose the number of autonomous divisions in the first stage and all the divisions engage in Cournot competition in the second. It is shown that product differentiation ensures the existence of an interior subgame perfect Nash equilibrium (SPNE), and the equilibrium number of divisions increases with the degree of substitution among products and the number of firms. Further, if divisions are allowed to divide further, they always will, which leads to total rent dissipation. Thus, parent firms have incentives to unilaterally restrict their divisions from further dividing. In the free-entry equilibrium, it is found that the possibility of setting up autonomous divisions is a natural barrier to entry. Incumbents may persistently earn abnormally high profits. In the cases where product differentiation is difficult, the only pure-strategy free-entry SPNE is the monopoly outcome even if the entry cost is relatively low.     

中国矿产资源行业并购对股东财富的影响研究

随着我国股票市场的日趋成熟,并购在资本市场中扮演越来越重要的角色。同全球并购的缓慢复苏相比,2011年中国却并购掀起了新一轮的高潮。2011年中国能源及矿产行业完成的并购交易数量为153起,占并购总量的13.2%;并购交易金额高达219.83亿美元,占并购总额的32.8%。本文运用事件法,从股东财富的角度分析了2005-2011年间中国矿产资源类上市公司的短期并购绩效。通过对并购事件发生的窗口期[-5,5]内上市公司的超额收益率的研究发现并购公司在并购窗口期内的股东财富仅仅在宣告日前后两天有少量的增加,此后一直呈现下降的趋势。说明并购事件并未对股东财富形成积极的影响。本文试图从股票市场本身做出进一步的阐释,意在说明我国的股票市场中存在短期投机性。     

制造业绿色产品竞争力分析

基于产品多生命周期理论和绿色产品的基本内涵．分析了制造业中绿色产品的基本要素．并由此探讨了绿色产品竞争力的流程和评价方法．为企业基于环境竞争的战略制定及绿色产品开发设计方案调整优化提供决策依据和有益的改进信息。     

The Interactive Effect of Product Differentiation and Cost Variability on Profit

It is generally believed that industries with greater product differentiation have higher rates of return. This paper shows that this effect breaks down in the presence of firm-specific cost shocks. Greater substitutability in products generates two opposing effects: (1) it allows a larger increase in demand when a firm has a favorable cost shock, which more than compensates for the reduction in demand when it has an unfavorable cost shock, and (2) it results in more intense price competition. These two countervailing forces result in industry profit being highest in markets with a moderate degree of product differentiation.     

产品分类下的石墨产业链分析及发展建议

天然石墨具有金属和非金属双重特性,是重要的战略矿物资源,随着科学技术进步石墨产品开发与应用的技术水平不断提升,石墨产品种类繁多,其种类数量可以说成千上万。其产业链也不断拓展与向下游不断延伸。本文针对石墨产品种类繁多,产业链不断拓展与延伸,从石墨产业为资源型产业、石墨产品分类等角度对石墨产业链构成进行了分析,针对产业发展提出了相应建议。