乡镇企业如何走好下一步

近几年来,我国乡镇企业积极适应日益变化的市场环境,不断加快体制、机制和技术、管理创新,企业管理水平和市场竞争能力得到全面提升。虽然乡镇企业受金融危机影响较大,但从今年上半年的统计情况看,乡镇企业已经呈现出率先恢复增长的态势，增加值同比增长9．02％，高于全国GDP增长2个多百分点。     

试论传统文化对乡镇企业发展的影响

我国的乡镇企业是在特定的条件下，以其灵活的生产经营机制，强烈的内在扩张动力，较快地形成了一种令人瞩目的异军突起的态势。江苏是我国乡镇企业的“发祥地”。1995年，江苏乡镇企业总产值占农村社会总产值的85％，乡镇工业增加值占全省工业增加值近60％，在全省工业经济总量中已经名副其实地占到2／3。然而，我们在看到乡镇工业经济总量急剧扩张的同时，也必须正视乡镇工业发展所存在的问题，诸如总体上存在“小而散”现象，素质不高，企业管理水平低，生产技术一般比较落后，部分乡镇企业在产品结构上与城市工业相似而出现低水平重复等…     

稷山县乡镇企业超常规发展势头迅猛

稷山县乡镇企业超常规发展势头迅猛薛旌泽，张俊琪山西稷山县乡镇企业连年出现超常规、跳跃式发展的态势，速度效益同步增长，产值已占全县工业总产值的５０％以上，成为稷山县经济发展中的半壁河山。截止六月末，乡镇企业总产值完成１００６００万元，比上年同期增长６０...     

从模糊产权到组织能力:乡镇企业成长的动力转变

模糊产权是转轨经济时期一种有效的制度安排，并被认为是我国乡镇企业崛起的重要动力来源，它随着市场经济体制的日趋完善而向清淅产权演化。但是20世纪90年代中期以来，伴随产权制度改革的全面完成，乡镇企业并没有取得理想的成长业绩，其根本原因在于企业的组织能力不足。因此，我国乡镇企业要突破成长瓶颈．必须在认知领导、组织创新、提高企业家投入品质以及引入现代管理方法4个方面提升组织管理能力。     

我省乡镇企业集团存在的问题及对策

我省乡镇企业集团存在的问题及对策王源民近几年，我省乡镇企业开始向规模效益型转变，呈现出模拟现代企业制度，组建“联合舰队”，向集团化发展的态势。据统计，截止今年上半年．全省有乡镇企业集团８９个，按年创利税划分，年利税超千万元的集团２１个、５００万元至１...     

乡镇企业如何实施资本经营

２０００年，河北省乡镇企业继续保持了健康稳定的发展态势。全省乡镇企业个数超１００万个；乡镇企业从业人员达８４９万人，就业人员占农村劳动力的３１．４％；实现营业收入７６２９亿元，比上年增长１４％，是１９９５年的２．３倍；上缴税金１０３亿元，占全省财政收入的２６％。乡镇企业实现增加值占全省GDP的３９．６％，农村的社会增加值７０．１％来自乡镇企业。这些经济指标表明，乡镇企业在我省的经济发展的各个方面都发挥了重大作用。但我省乡镇企业面临着如何进行二次创业，这是关系到乡镇企业生存与发展的具有战略意义的跨…     

深圳南岭产权模式变革及启示

改革开放以来,乡镇企业的迅速崛起,曾一度带动了农村经济的快速发展.但随着我国市场态势由卖方市场逐渐转变为买方市场,乡镇企业的快速成长日趋面临着严峻的市场障碍,加之产权不清、管理效率低下,很多乡镇企业陷入了发展困境.……     

深圳南岭产权模式变革及启示

改革开放以来,乡镇企业的迅速崛起,曾一度带动了农村经济的快速发展.但随着我国市场态势由卖方市场逐渐转变为买方市场,乡镇企业的快速成长日趋面临着严峻的市场障碍,加之产权不清、管理效率低下,很多乡镇企业陷入了发展困境.     

乡镇企业不正常行为浅析

改革开放以来,我国乡镇企业异军突起,蓬勃发展,令世人嘱目。目前,我国乡镇企业已有1800多万家,拥有固定资产4000多亿元,占全国工业总产值30％,可谓三分天下有其一。乡镇企业在我国国民经济中已占有举足轻重的地位。从我国的国情出发,要实现国民经济发展的第二步战略目标,90年代国民生产总值再翻一番,人民生活达到小康水平,没有乡镇企业的继续发展是绝对办不到的。     

江苏乡镇企业发展现状分析

<正>江苏是我国乡镇企业的“发祥地”,迄今江苏省乡镇企业发展总体水平仍居全国之冠.江苏乡镇工业素有“半壁江山”之称,而今则几近工业经济“三分天下有其二”,在农村经济中,更是地地道道成了主体,1994年,江苏乡镇工业总产值达5666亿元,占全省工业总产值的60.7%,占农村社会总产值的90%左右,在江苏经济发展中,乡镇企业功不可没.在我们今天集中精力抓好国有大中型企业的同时,应当保持乡镇企业有一个适度的发展,那么,江苏乡镇企业的发展现状如何呢?从总体上来说,江苏乡镇企业近些年来出现了一些新的发展态势,有望取得更长足的发展;同时,要继续更快更好地发展,还存在着一定的问题和制约因素.新的发展态势之主要有三:一、组建企业集团,发展规模经济,形成规模效益.     

Land and the transition from a dual to a modern economy

Tenurial contracts in agriculture can be an initial source of wealth accumulation for dynasties of poor, credit-constrained individuals. The income from such contracts can be invested in education of offspring, who then can find work in the formal manufacturing sector. This process allows the economy to develop into a modern economy with a large manufacturing sector. An excessive number of poor individuals competing for scarce land, however, drives up the rental price of land, which then slows the process of accumulation and forces the economy to converge to a less efficient dual equilibrium. In such cases, a policy of land redistribution coupled with a temporary education subsidy may be needed to push the economy to a modern equilibrium.     

Pricing the environment: a critique

A distinction is drawn between opportunity cost and willingness to pay (wtp) approaches to valuing the environment. Wtp is the appropriate measure in situations where there is no prior commitment to environmental standards, otherwise opportunity cost measures apply. Wtp would not normally or properly be used to formulate environmental standards. For a wide range of environmental attributes, where the conditions of direct perception of the environmental problem do not hold, meaningful expressions of wtp cannot be obtained. In these circumstances the underlying model of the Pigovian externality which leads to attempts to measure wtp is inapplicable. While a decision rule based on wtp could still be used it possesses no welfare significance. The critique has implications for sustainability when defined to require trade-offs between natural and person-made capital. Sustainability is practically achieved by developing a set of environmental standards.     

Is the End of the MFA a Threat?

The end of the Multifiber Agreement in January, 2005 had a negative impact on the apparel industry of regional exporters, but the effects were weaker than expected. Using a dynamic general equilibrium model, the article provides a prospective assessment of the impact on Tunisia of the phase out of the MFA, and of the agreement which manages the rate of growth of Chinese clothing exports to Europe, until the end of 2007. The main findings are an increase in unemployment and wage inequality but no significant effects on the main macroeconomic variables, if the exchange rate management takes into account this shock.     

Tragedy of the Commons in a Stochastic Game of a Stock Externality

This paper investigates a tragedy of the commons where an Ito‐process traces the accumulation of pollution and differentiates between reversible (i.e., clean up is feasible) and irreversible emissions (past pollution cannot be undone). The reversible case allows for an explicit analytical solution, while other means are necessary to characterize irreversible outcomes. More precisely, a different characterization of equilibria (in Markov strategies) as smooth connections between an initial and a stopping manifold is suggested.     

The Continuity of the Transaction Relationship Between a Bank and a Borrower

This paper analyses the influence of the number of past transactions on the continuity of the transaction relationship between a bank and a borrower. It is shown that banks, in deciding whether or not to maintain a transaction relationship with a borrower, fall into one of two categories: if the average of past returns from borrowers is equal, either a bank is more likely to maintain transaction relationships with those whose number of past transactions is larger, or it is indifferent to the number of past transactions. This result holds whether the bank is risk-averse or risk-neutral.
JEL Classification number: G21.     

国家可持续竞争力长期视角分析

在美国发生9．11恐怖主义事件导致经济滑坡，中国顺利加入WTO令人振奋的情况下，21世纪究竟哪个国家再领“风骚”，是人们关注和研究的重要课题，笔从国家可持续竞争力的长期视角研究这个问题，认为美国的竞争力将持续相当长的时间，在21世纪下半叶，欧盟和中国可能堪与美国匹敌。     

Monetary policy and the choice of a monetary instrument in a stochastic setting

Should the FED try to set some monetary aggregate, or should it try to create certain credit conditions by setting interest rates? This question has been examined extensively within models that are essentially non-stochastic or certainty equivalent; however, the question is not meaningful to the monetary authority unless one postulates a stochastic setting. This paper attempts to analyze the question within a stochastic setting. It illustrates the new dimensions added by incorporating risk adverse economic behavior, “rational” expectations, and randomized policy settings.