发展中国家非正规部门行为内部性与外部性分析

发展中国家的非正规部门占国民经济比重相当大,城镇贫困人口中的绝大多数是依靠这些小规模的经济活动谋生。本文从内部性与外部性的角度对非正规部门进行利弊分析,认为非正规部门的经济活动对于社会发展弊大于利。所以,政府对非正规部门行为应进行管制,对不同非正规活动要区别对待。     

基于因子分析的非正规部门就业者满意度探析

文章以杭州市非正规部门就业者为研究对象,通过构建满意度评价指标体系,选取9个满意度测度指标,利用因子分析法提取5个主因子,建立工作现状满意度综合模型以及满意度指数评级体系,据此测度非正规部门就业者工作现状的满意程度。结果显示,我国非正规部门就业者并非如主流观点认为的对工作现状低满意度水平,而是中等满意。同时发现,非正规部门就业者对所处的社会地位和个人收入满意度较低,可以为相关政府部门做出理性决策提供一定的参考依据。     

摊贩经济与城市非正规就业问题探析

面对严峻的就业形势,正规就业部门吸纳就业的能力已经严重下降,非正规就业"就业海绵"的作用日益凸显。摊贩经济是非正规经济的重要组成部分,对促进非正规就业具有重要意义。从摊贩经济和非正规就业的经济特征着手,以二者的经济联系为契机,分析了摊贩经济对促进非正规就业的带动作用。支持和鼓励发展摊贩经济,并对如何发展摊贩经济,发挥其就业带动作用等问题提出相关建议。     

国外旅游非正规部门就业研究情况简述

国外学界在旅游非正规部门就业问题研究上取得了一定的成果。但是从研究的数量上来看尚显不足,研究内容没有深入或全面的展开。除了少数几篇专门针对发展中国家旅游非正规部门就业进行研究的文献之外,其它文献只是在研究过程中涉及到一些非正规部门就业问题。本文尝试从有限的相关文献中梳理出国外非正规部门就业研究的文献,并对其内容进行了综述。最后,本文对现有研究作出了简单的述评。     

试论非正规就业对完善城市社会保障制度的影响

经济转型期间 ,我国城市劳动力市场处于分割状态 ,城市存在正规和非正规两大部门 ,非正规就业因此产生。由于体制性原因和经济性原因 ,非正规就业在我国将长期存在。但是 ,非正规就业者的社会保障权益却普遍缺失。从多方面分析了在城市劳动力市场长期分割的背景下 ,非正规就业对完善城市社会保障制度的影响     

我国发展非正规就业面临的问题与政策建议

随着国际经济形势的变化和我国经济结构的进一步调整.就业问题日益严峻因此大力发展非正规就业,对于促进我国经济增长.缓解我国日益严重的就业压力有着重要的意义.本文回顾了我国非正规就业的发展历程及其对我国经济增长和就业的意义,分析了我国非正规就业发展面临的诸多问题,并提出相应的政策建议     

最低工资与发展中国家的非正规部门就业

在发展中国家,劳动力市场上的非正规就业现象比较普遍。基于非正规就业属于最低工资未覆盖部门的假定,利用覆盖—非覆盖最低工资模型,分析了发展中国家最低工资在就业及其劳动者权益保护方面的影响。     

试论非正规就业对完善城市社会保障制度的影响

经济转型期间,我国城市劳动力市场处于分割状态,城市存在正规和非正规两大部门,非正规就业因此产生.由于体制性原因和经济性原因,非正规就业在我国将长期存在.但是,非正规就业者的社会保障权益却普遍缺失.从多方面分析了在城市劳动力市场长期分割的背景下,非正规就业对完善城市社会保障制度的影响.     

城市化进程中的非正规就业研究

我国目前存在大量的非正规就业群体,他们是城市化进程中不可或缺的重要力量。但目前由于非正规部门发展环境脆弱,加之人们对非正规就业的错误认识导致非正规就业群体处境艰难。对此,政府可从改善管理方式、维护其合法权益、增强就业能力等方面来促进非正规就业发展,进而提高城市化水平。     

论我国农村非正规金融发展的现实必然性

非正规金融在我国农村经济发展中具有重要地位。传统观点认为,非正规金融的产生和发展是由于金融抑制或正规金融供给不足引起的。笔者认为,非正规金融的广泛存在根本原因在于其运行机制契合了我国农村社会经济结构的特点,因此它并不是一种过渡性的制度安排,相反它在我国农村尚有巨大的发展空间。对非正规金融应该进行依法管理,而不是一味地打击和取缔。非正规金融与正规金融应该形成一种竞争、分工、合作与转化的关系。     

Inequality and Size of the Informal Sector during Recession: A Note

This note provides a theoretical explanation for the empirical observation that more unequal economies tend to have larger informal sector. In contrary to the general belief, it shows that informal sector does not necessarily expand at the time of recession acting as a buffer for the unemployed pool.     

Determinants of Russia's Informal Economy: The Impact of Corruption and Multinational Firms

Based on the electricity consumption approach, this study examined empirically (among other determinants) the impact of corruption and multinational firms (MNEs) on the relative size of the informal economy in Russia's regions in 1995–2012. Strong evidence is provided of the positive effect of corruption on the informal regional economies. The significant role of MNEs and regulation in curbing informal activities is revealed. A larger informal economic sector is observed in regions with a higher number of local firms and unemployment. An integrated strategy of dealing with corruption and informal businesses is suggested to be more effective in reducing informal practices.     

城市正规就业与非正规就业收入差距及影响因素贡献——基于收入不平等的分解

本文使用CHNS 1997-2006的调查数据实证研究了城镇正规就业与非正规就业之间的收入差距及影响因素。收入不平等分解结果表明,正规就业与非正规就业之间存在显著的工资收入差距,但随着经济发展和劳动力市场供求的转变,两类就业者由于就业类别差异导致的"收入差异"呈缩减的趋势;受教育水平和工作经验等人力资本特征是两类就业者决定工资的主要影响因素,也是他们之间工资收入差距变化的主要贡献因素。     

Formal Employment and Informal Work in Household Services

This article discusses whether employment increases are likely in household services. The conclusion is that until recently, employment increased due to a shift of service work from households to the formal economy (especially the public sector). The growing number of childless or single parent households means a growing demand for services from the formal economy. Still, it seems likely that the service employment growth will slow down and be substituted by work in the informal economy, due to the cost increases in the formal economy connected with low productivity growth in service activities.     

Informal export barriers and poverty

This paper investigates the poverty impacts of informal export barriers like transport costs, cumbersome customs practices, costly regulations and bribes. In low-income countries, these informal barriers act as export taxes that distort the efficient allocation of resources, lower wages and agricultural income, and increase poverty. I investigate the case of Moldova, a very open economy where poverty is widespread, agriculture is a key sector, formal trade barriers are low, and informal export barriers are widespread. I find that improving export practices would benefit the average Moldovan household across the whole income distribution. Poverty would also decline, affecting 100-180 thousand individuals.     

Information Sharing and Financial Sector Development in Africa

This study investigates the effect information sharing has on financial sector development in 53 African countries for the period 2004 to 2011. Information sharing is measured with private credit bureaus and public credit registries. Hitherto unexplored dimensions of financial sector development are employed, namely: financial sector dynamics of formalization, informalization, and non-formalization. The empirical evidence is based on Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). The following findings are established. Information-sharing bureaus increase (reduce) formal (informal/non-formal) financial sector development. In order to ensure that information-sharing bureaus improve (decrease) formal (informal/non-formal) financial development, public credit registries should have between 45.45 and 50% coverage while private credit bureaus should have at least 26.25% coverage.     

Informal employment in service industries: estimations from nationally representative Labour Force Survey data of Russian Federation

ABSTRACT

As the largest post-Soviet transition economy with substantial labour immigration and a considerable informal-sector Russia serves as an interesting case to study informal employment in the service and non-service economic sectors. The study fills the gap of the lack of empirical papers grounded on the reliable massive individual data. This article discusses almost twenty years’ dynamics of informal employment rates within the service and non-service industries based on the nationally representative Labour Force Survey primary data, collected quarterly for 2010–2015 with a sample size of about 200 thousand respondents per quarter. The unexpected finding is that the rate of informal employment is higher in non-service economic activities. Informal workers in the service sector in Russia are typically male, not very young, without tertiary education, living in urban areas. The paper also provides a comparative regression analysis on the probability of being informally employed in the service and non-service sectors.     

Young Entrepreneurs in the Mobile Telephony Sector in Ghana: From Necessities to Aspirations

Despite increasing research interest in the mobile telephony sector, only a few studies have devoted attention to informal businesses in the sector. Using qualitative field data collected on young mobile telephony entrepreneurs in Accra, this paper argues that despite the businesses being ‘informal’, they cannot be dismissed as ‘necessity’ enterprises unworthy of support. On the contrary, many young entrepreneurs have aspirations which are influencing their desire to stay in business. The article thus questions the bifurcated nature of entrepreneurial motivations, using the burgeoning mobile telephony sector as a case study, and draws out implications for policy support for youth-run businesses in the informal sector generally.     

Entrepreneurship in the Street Food Sector of Vietnam—Assessment of Psychological Success and Failure Factors

We tested the hypothesis that process characteristics of action strategies were related to entrepreneurial success in microbusinesses in the urban informal sector of Vietnam. The process characteristics were divided into four strategies: critical point planning, complete planning, opportunistic, and reactive. Success was defined as a combination of economic and subjective measures. A survey was done in Hue and Hanoi (Vietnam) among 102 street food vendors. With 62 vendors of this sample, we held in-depth interviews, which were used to test our hypotheses. The results showed that seventy percent of the business owners did not plan much. Opportunistic and planning strategies were most highly related to success, and a reactive strategy was related to failure. The latter replicates other studies in other developing countries.