Sadat's Negotiations with the United States and Israel: From Sinai to Camp David

A bstract . Anwar Sadat was generally praised by Western leaders and scholars for his vision, courage, and negotiating skills. A critical examination of the documentary record shows that at least as far as negotiations and decision-making, the dominant Western view is self-serving. The two Egyptian-Israeli disengagement agreements of 1974 and 1975 started Sadat on the road to the American-sponsored peace, the price of which Sadat must have known to be the establishment of an Egypto-American-Israeli strategic alliance at the expense of Egypt's traditional role in the Arab world. Having accepted this outcome Sadat allowed his alternatives to narrow and bargaining power to diminish until they almost exclusively and entirely rested on what the United States and Israel were prepared to offer. To the extent that the overall strategic goal of Henry Kissinger was to separate Egypt from Arab and Palestinian aspirations, and further isolate the "radical" forces in the region, thus weakening Soviet influence and paving the way for a settlement acceptable to Israel, the American negotiator achieved his goal, with hardly any opposition from Sadat. In fact, in his eagerness to accelerate his admission into the American camp, Sadat adopted a negotiating style and made concessions which surprised the Americans themselves.     

United States

Real GDP grew by 2.9% on an annualized basis in Q4 2017, with final sales up 3.4% and a 0.5 ppt drag from inventories. Broadly, the data continue to signal that the economy had a solid finish to 2017, with growth at a buoyant 2.6% y/y in the final quarter. For the full year 2017, the US economy advanced a steady 2.3% y/y.     

United States

Real GDP grew by 3.1% on annualised basis in Q2 2017, with final sales up 2.9% and inventories adding 0.1pp to growth. Consumer spending rebounded by 3.3%, after a soft Q1, supported by gains across all three major subcategories. Business investment rose by a robust 6.7%, spurred on by firm domestic activity and stronger global growth. Looking ahead, we forecast that GDP growth will average 2.2% in H2.     

United States

Real GDP grew by 3.2% on an annualized basis in Q3, with final sales advancing a more modest 2.4% and inventories contributing a solid 0.8pp. Overall, the data was indicative of a 2–2.5% underlying pace of growth. We estimate Q4 growth of around 3.2% annualized, meaning the economy grew by 2.3% in 2017 as a whole.