人力资本、生态资本及技术进步的经济增长模型

人力资本、生态资本是可持续发展的重要因素,可持续的发展应是物质资本、人力资本、生态资本与技术进步共同作用的结果.通过建立一个集物质资本、人力资本、生态资本与技术进步于一体的生产函数,讨论了3种资本的动态运动,并进一步探讨了在约束条件下,如何在3种资本间分配经济资源,从而使经济处于最优的平衡增长路径上.     

经济增长的因素分析

通过经济学理论分析,总结出资源禀赋、物质资本和人力资本积累、技术进步、科学管理、经济结构优化升级、基础设施建设、制度创新等是推动经济增长的主要因素,其中制度创新是关键因素,对于更好地认识和指导我国当前的经济发展大有裨益。     

区域技术市场发展对创新的驱动作用

利用我国2002-2015年省级面板数据，考察技术市场对创新的影响，研究区域研发环境与技术创新的协同作用。首先，通过构建GMM模型稳健性检验，发现在控制物质资本、人力资本、制度因素、R&D投入、FDI、对外贸易、市场化程度等各种影响因素后，技术市场对创新具有显著影响，且对技术含量较高的发明专利的影响弹性最大；其次，通过交互项检验和门槛回归，发现R&D物质资本和人力资本对技术市场存在两个门槛，跨越门槛将增加技术市场的边际创新产出；再次，技术市场发展对各类专利贡献率的测度结果显示，发达地区技术市场对发明专利的贡献最大。据此提出加速我国技术市场发展、因地制宜改善区域研发环境、进一步强化技术市场驱动高质量创新发展等政策建议。     

我国现阶段有效供给不足的表现、成因及治理对策

基于我国经济过剩的性质和特点，切实增进有效供给，是保证我国经济21世纪次高增决定性因素。本文指出，我国有效供给不足的主要表现在，一般商品和服务、投资品、公共产品和公共服务品四个方面，其深层次原因在于重复建设，技术水平和人力资本低下，市场机制弱化，制度变迁障碍等，应采取体制、结构、技术三位一体的创新措施治理有效供给不足。     

企业家人力资本与物质资本的博弈模型

本文建立了一个企业家人力资本与物质资本的博弈模型来研究企业家人力资本与物质资本在什么条件下会组成分享制企业,并研究了企业制度变迁中企业家人力资本与物质资本关系的演变,分析了表面现象下两者的谈判力的变化,论证了企业家人力资本参与企业收益分配的经济学逻辑。     

农业企业人力资本投资意愿影响因素研究——基于TPB理论与63家农业企业微观数据

基于人力资本投资理论和计划行为理论,运用Ordered Logistic分析法对农业企业人力资本投资的意愿影响因素进行系统分析,并对因素的影响程度进行量化研究.结果表明我国农业企业人力资本的投资意愿偏低,而且对外围人力资本的投资意愿低于对内部人力资本的投资意愿;合作交易成本、预期投资收益率、资本专用化程度和流失风险等为投资意愿的主要核心影响因素.     

我国政府对金融安全的影响和维护

金融是政府实现目标的重要手段,而金融运行状态构成了政府的政治约束,在利益的驱使下政府成为了决定金融安全状态的主导因素之一.政府既影响金融生存的环境,又直接作用金融体系、参与金融活动.本文从中央和地方两个层面分析了我国政府影响和维护金融安全的主要路径和方式,认为我国政府行为导致了很多金融风险但又通过实质担保提供了安全屏障,其中中央政府是安全维护的主导者,目前制度变迁手段在安全维护方面的作用正不断增大.     

多种要素对农民收入增长影响的研究

农民利用土地、物质资本和自身人力资本等要素组合进行生产,与雇佣工人相比,其收入中不仅有劳动者报酬,还有资本性收入.有鉴于此,本文从上述视角实证研究了1985年-2008年间影响农民收入增长的因素.发现人力资本要素对农民收入增长的影响最明显,而物质资本与劳动力流动对农民收入增长也有显著的正影响,农业种植结构的变化对人均收入影响则不显著.进一步利用2000年和2007年的横截面数据研究发现,从全国范围内来讲,农村劳动力流动已经无法推动农民收入更快增长,这说明加快新农村建设,提高农业劳动生产率是我国农民收入提高的关键所在.最后提出了加强人力资本投资与物质资本投资,进而加速提高农民收入的建议.     

基于Hedonic模型的经济发展影响因素研究

物质资本和人力资本是经济增长的两架马车.近年来,我国经济快速增长,以两大资本构造不同组合而形成区域特征.为研究不同特征对经济发展的影响作用机制,本文对不同时期省际数据分别进行了回归,发现物质资本对我国经济发展影响力度逐年降低,而人力资本贡献则逐年上升,并且贡献率水平明显高于物质资本,这为人才强国等战略提供了理论支撑.     

人力资本与中部地区经济增长——基于卢卡斯人力资本外溢模型的实证分析

1987年以来,中部六省的经济增长与人力资本水平的提高具有密切的正相关关系,但各省人力资本对经济增长的贡献却远低于物质资本的贡献,各省对劳动力资源和人力资本的利用效率存在较大差异,制度变迁滞后于经济发展可能是人力资本利用效率低下和贡献率不高的重要原因。这意味着要使人力资本在中部崛起中发挥更大的作用,加大对教育投入和加快制度变迁的步伐,形成人力资本投入、集聚和优化配置的良好社会氛围与制度环境十分重要。     

我国房地产税制的现状及改革构想

房地产税制是维护房地产市场公平竞争，实现国家对房地产业宏观调控的有力杠杆。然而，我国现行的房地产税制却存在税费不分、税制不统一、税制结构不合理等诸多问题。严重影响了其对房地产业应有的宏观调控作用。因此，适时地推进房地产税制的改革应是当务之急，应统一内外税制，合理界定税费的范围，建立统一、规范、合理的房地产税收体系。     

The Change in Productive Efficiency in Telecommunications in the United States

The question addressed here is whether the adoption of incentive regulation, which has become an important regulatory tool in the telecommunications industry in the USA, has resulted in a change in the technical efficiency of local exchange carriers in the USA. After providing an overview of the nature of incentive regulation, a methodology for measuring technical efficiency and its change is introduced. This is a multiple-output/multiple-input distance function approach to measuring technical efficiency. The results of implementing this approach for 19 local exchange carriers for the 1988-2001 period indicate that in the production of local service, intrastate toll/access service, and interstate access to local loops, there was no change in technical efficiency between the 1988-1990 period and the 1991- 2001 period, something that incentive regulation was specifically designed to promote.     

西部地区人力资本投资与知识化发展

人力资本投资在推动知识化发展的过程中存在自增强机制，通过促进人力资本保值增值，进行人力资源合理配置，改善配置环境和配置政策、完善配套措施，有助于充分发挥这一机制的功能，从而实现西部地区知识化发展。     

Age Discrimination in Employment in Canada

Issues pertaining to age discrimination in employment in Canada are analyzed with a view toward highlighting lessons that may be learned from the Canadian experience—an experience that is taking on increased policy importance. Reasons for the increased attention to age discrimination issues are outlined, followed by a portrayal of the age discrimination legislation and court interpretations in Canada, especially as they pertain to mandatory retirement. Enforcement aspects are discussed, as is the evidence on age discrimination in employment and the effectiveness of legislation with respect to age discrimination and mandatory retirement. The article concludes with a discussion of the lessons to be learned from the Canadian experience, especially with respect to the poorly understood but complicated relationship between age discrimination and mandatory retirement. Policy recommendations for strengthening age discrimination legislation are also outlined. (JEL J14 , J24 , J71 )     

Inequalities in Income Distribution in Slovenia

This article presents an empirical analysis of income distribution based on income tax data for Slovenia in 1991-2000. It presents evidence of rising inequalities in income distribution (gross income, gross wages and pensions). These results are supported by coefficients of variation, Gini coefficients and by the Lorenz curves. Inequalities increased rapidly in the 1991 to 1993 period. After a significant decrease in 1994 and a steady increase from 1995 to 2000, the peak value from 1993 was not surpassed. Atkinson's requirements for dominance comparisons are not violated. Inequalities are also present in the distribution of the benefits of economic growth among income groups.     

上海生态农业发展影响因素研究

文章分析了上海生态农业发展的影响因素,并利用计量模型进行检验,认为影响上海生态农业发展的主要因素有农业基础设施、农业劳动力资源、农业产业化水平、农业科技实力状况。     

Public participation in forestry in Turkey

Recently public participation in forestry has been seriously considered in Turkey. Participation is however quite a challenge for a country with a long tradition of top-down management and a strong bottom-up dependence on public provisioning. In such a setting, it may not be surprising that the experiences with public participation in forestry in Turkey are mixed. There are some positive initiatives like the creation of farmer's cooperatives and NGOs, but their role is quite limited and small of scale. This paper is bringing together different views based on existing studies in Turkish related to Turkey's experience with implementing public participation in forestry.     

The Change in Productive Efficiency in Telecommunications in the United States

The question addressed here is whether the adoption of incentive regulation, which has become an important regulatory tool in the telecommunications industry in the USA, has resulted in a change in the technical efficiency of local exchange carriers in the USA. After providing an overview of the nature of incentive regulation, a methodology for measuring technical efficiency and its change is introduced. This is a multiple-output/multiple-input distance function approach to measuring technical efficiency. The results of implementing this approach for 19 local exchange carriers for the 1988–2001 period indicate that in the production of local service, intrastate toll/access service, and interstate access to local loops, there was no change in technical efficiency between the 1988–1990 period and the 1991–2001 period, something that incentive regulation was specifically designed to promote.