International market integration and demand: An analysis of the Norwegian and Danish herring market

This article provides a method where pre-tests for international market integration are used to identify market structures before estimating demand systems. The method is applied to the analysis of the European herring market. A Vector Auto Regressive model in Error Correction form is used to identify co-integration vectors between price series and, based on this, to test for the Law of One Price. The Law of One Price is in force between the landing markets for herring in the two largest global supplier countries, Norway and Denmark. Therefore, an inverse demand function is estimated for the combined Norwegian and Danish market. The results are used in the interpretation of the significant increase in the prices of herring on the Danish ex-vessel market in 2001, given the stability of the Danish market. The implication is that even though Denmark did not export to the main Norwegian export markets in the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, the Danish landing price is influenced by the situation there.     

Spatial Market Integration in the Presence of Threshold Effects

A large body of research has evaluated price linkages in spatially separate markets. Much recent research has applied models appropriate for nonstationary data. Such analyses have been criticized for their ignorance of transactions costs, which may inhibit price adjustments and thus affect tests of integration. This analysis utilizes threshold autoregression and cointegration models to account for a neutral band representing transactions costs. We evaluate daily price linkages among four corn and four soybean markets in North Carolina. Nonlinear impulse response functions are used to investigate dynamic patterns of adjustments to shocks. Our results confirm the presence of thresholds and indicate strong support for market integration, though adjustments following shocks may take many days to be complete. In every case, the threshold models suggest much faster adjustments in response to deviations from equilibrium than is the case when threshold behavior is ignored.     

Including Imperfect Competition in Spatial Equilibrium Models

Following Martin's paper on quadratic spatial equilibrium models this paper presents ways to incorporate imperfect competition in these models by altering the objective function of the quadratic program. This paper shows how the standard Cournot and Slackelberg equilibria may be modelled. The paper also describes the new theoretical models of consistent conjectural variations and how they may be translated into quadratic spatial equilibrium models. Situations that are likely to be modelled are discussed and appropriate models are presented. More complicated equilibria that cannot be modelled by simple adjustment of the quadratic objective function are also discussed.
Aprés la composition de Martin sur les modeles de L'équilibre quadratique et spatial, nous presentons des moyens d'incorprer la compétition imparfaite dans ces modeles en modifiant la fonction objective du programe quadratique. Nous montrons comment on peut modeler les équilibres Cournot et Stackelberg. Nous décrivons aussi les nouveaux modeles théoriques des variations consistentes et conjecturales, et comment ils peuvent éytre traduits en modeles de l'équilibre quadratique et spatial. Nous discutons les situations qui peuvent probablement étre modelées et nous presentons des modeles qui nous semblent appropriés. Nous discutons aussi des équilibres plus compliqués qui ne peuvent pas étre modelés par un simple ajustement de la fonction objective et quadratique.     

Self-Sufficiency Versus Free Trade: The Case of Rice in Iran

The dilemma of free trade and self-sufficiency for the case of rice in Iran justifies continuous governmental intervention in this market. Among all policy instruments, import tariffs have been extensively used to achieve self-sufficiency; however, the results of this policy are quite controversial and remain as a main question for researchers and policymakers. Hence, this article examines the economic impacts of increasing import tariff policy applying a multimarket spatial price equilibrium model. The results suggest that pursuing the goal of self- sufficiency by restricting rice import would be detrimental. Social welfare as well as real and per capita income are adversely affected by increasing import tariffs both in nationwide and regional scale except for 1 region, which is characterized as the largest net exporter region in Iran. Also results show that adopting free trade policies and improving rice yield may be the well-advised strategy in the case of rice in Iran.     

Market Performance of Potato Auctions in Bhutan

Abstract

Market performance with respect to a main horticultural export commodity in Bhutan is the subject of this paper. Imperfections in (market) infrastructure and market structure and conduct may prevent an optimal price for farmers. Market performance is assessed by testing the law of one price for this commodity. This is done by testing three series of auction price data on both long-run and short-run price integration. It is concluded that for the period 1996-2000 the auction prices were interrelated both in the long and short run with one of the three auctions as the price-leading market. In contrast, in the period 2001-2005 the market arbitrage process slowed down, indicating the rise of market imperfections. Policy implications are suggested.     

江苏省徐州市地价与房价关系分析

近几年徐州市经济发展迅速,房地产市场蓬勃发展,房价、地价逐年持续上涨,特别是自招标拍卖挂牌出让土地使用权制度实施以来,徐州市地价迅速增长。因此,有些人把房价的上涨归因于土地价格的上涨,进而归因于招标拍卖挂牌出让土地使用权制度的实施。本文从徐州市地价与房价的关系入手,对此问题加以深入探讨。     

武汉市房价的空间分布格局及其影响因素分析

本文利用网络爬虫技术搜集武汉市主城区房价样本,采集2014年9月-2015年9月的房价数据和相应的社会经济地理数据。本文首先探索武汉市主城区住宅价格的空间分布形态;然后,根据模型比较选取最优空间模型,并筛选影响房价空间分异的显著性因子。研究结果表明:(1)武汉市主城区房价主要呈现多中心集聚的空间格局。(2)地理加权回归模型比克里格插值和多元线性模型更准确地捕捉房价空间分异特征。(3)总楼层因子,城市中心、轨道交通、主干道、综合商场、基础教育、开敞空间(包括长江、湖泊、公园绿地、城市广场)的可达性因子能够显著影响房价的梯度变化,其影响系数的空间波动也证明影响因子在不同城市区位对房价变化的影响程度的差异性。     

Spatial integration between Finnish and Dutch potato markets

This study estimated a conditional mean model for producer prices of fresh potatoes in Finland and for wholesale selling prices of fresh potatoes in the Netherlands. Unit roots were tested in the Finnish and Dutch price series. Then, an asymmetric error correction model with thresholds was estimated for potato prices between Finland and the Netherlands. Asymmetry was allowed both in short and long-run price transmission. The results suggest that the prices are cointegrated and the arbitrage system is functioning, but with a significant time lag between the Finnish and Dutch potato markets. The price response is also asymmetric in that the Finnish price moves towards a steady state equilibrium faster from above than from below the equilibrium.     

国土资源空间数据集成共享探讨

国土资源空间数据信息是国家自然资源和空间地理基础信息资源的重要组成部分 ,具有数据结构复杂、存储格式多样、分布广泛的特点。本文从数据标准化、数据交换和互操作以及元数据三个方面对国土资源空间数据的集成共享进行了探讨     

基于地理加权回归的武汉市住宅房价空间分异及其影响因素分析

利用2015年3月份武汉市主城区660个住宅小区的平均房价数据,通过反距离权重插值,空间自相关分析与构建地理加权回归模型,揭示武汉市主城区内房价的空间分异规律及影响因素的影响程度。实验结果表明:(1)武汉市主城区的房价呈现出多中心分布的格局,以沿江大道和和平大道的带状区域为峰值中心向周围逐步衰减,其中在带状区域内形成了三个峰值中心,在其他区域形成了三个峰值次中心。(2)武汉市主城区的房价在空间分布上是显著集聚的,其中汉口片区的房价分布表现为高高聚集的特点,汉阳片区的房价分布表现为低低聚集的特点,武昌片区的房价分布两种特点都有。形成上述空间分布是城市规划、地理区位、环境景观与房屋属性综合作用的结果。(3)物业费、绿化率、户均停车位、建成年份、银行数量、超市数量、地铁站距离、三甲医院距离和江景距离这九个变量是武汉市主城区内房价差异的重要影响因素。其中影响程度最大的因素为物业费,影响程度最小的为银行数量和超市数量。     

江苏泗阳县速生丰产林市场结构均衡分析

通过调查和分析处理泗阳县意杨速生丰产林分布状况与产业化过程中的林产工业结构状况 ,研究营林与林产工业之间的供给与需求关系 ,并运用产业组织理论和方法 ,力求达到速生丰产林在产业化进程中市场结构的均衡 ,从而提出相应的调整措施 ,以推动泗阳林业产业化进程的发展。     

赣东北旅游圈整合与空间合作发展模式

在具体分析赣东北区域旅游资源现状及其空间结构,旅游合作发展的主要制约因素基础上,借鉴并运用旅游圈整合及相关理论成果,系统地提出了构建赣东北旅游圈整合的基本构架和不同阶段区域旅游合作发展的时空结构演化模式-多极核发展模式、点轴环状结构发展模式、区域一体化发展模式,以及其它相应的旅游圈整合与空间合作发展模式的策略和建议.     

中国省会城市地价空间变化实证研究——以昆明市为例

研究目的:借鉴西方城市空间结构均衡理论,分析中国省会级单中心城市地价空间变化特征,探讨影响中国单中心城市地价空间变化的因素,地价空间变化曲线及其优化土地利用模式。研究方法:采用昆明市2001—2005年的实际交易地价数据,运用GIS空间分析和计量经济学模型。研究结果:随距市中心距离增加,地价呈逐步衰减的趋势,但有明显的空间变异性和方位差异。地价空间变化的最主要影响因素是距市中心的距离,其次是商业中心分布、城市公用设施和自然条件等。研究结论:昆明市地价空间变化实证研究表明,经过10余年的城市土地使用制度改革,地价对土地资源空间配置已发挥作用,省级单中心城市地价空间变化基本符合阿朗索空间结构理论模式。     

高油价下我国石油经济发展的对策与建议

近年来我国国内CPI持续走高,与此同时国际油价也在高位动荡中不断上升,这两者的变化趋势有着很强的相似性。国际原油价格的走势影响了我国国民经济的多个方面,而特有的不稳定性、难预见性也为我国的经济发展埋下了隐患,因此发展我国自主的石油经济势在必行。通过大力拓宽勘探领域,逐步增加石油储备,积极参与国际合作,不断增强核心竞争力,鼓励发展新能源,方可实现我国石油经济的良性发展,为我国国民经济发展奠定坚实的基础。