通货膨胀影响因素分——析基于VAR模型的实证研究

本文通过VAR模型研究发现,我国通货膨胀受自身影响较大,具有明显惯性特征,货币供应量在短期内对物价无明显影响,在长期中却会对物价产生持续影响,上一期产出缺口、燃料原材料价格对通货膨胀影响明显．而热钱对通货膨胀的影响较弱,     

全球流动性扩张如何影响通货膨胀？——基于面板向量自回归模型的实证研究

近年来全球范围内通货膨胀问题不断凸显,已成为备受瞩目的经济热点问题。为探究全球通货膨胀现象背后的助推因素,本文对全球流动性扩张如何影响全球通货膨胀进行考察,从全球金融市场数据中识别出货币政策、信贷供给和信贷需求等全球流动性因子,通过附加符号约束识别因子模型对全球流动性进行测量。在此基础上,将全球流动性指标纳入面板向量自回归模型框架,利用跨国面板数据实证研究金融、经济变量对全球流动性扩张冲击的反应。研究结果表明：充沛的全球流动性已成为全球范围内通货膨胀的重要推动力,降低了短期利率水平,对货币总量、国内生产总值以及股票价格亦具有明显的推动作用。在全球流动性扩张和供应链瓶颈、大宗商品价格波动等结构性因素相互交织的作用下,全球通货膨胀的持续性预期将长期存在,我国有必要储备足够的政策调节工具,通过深化改革,建立更加灵活的市场机制,妥善应对全球通胀危机。     

我国货币供给是否是通货膨胀的格兰杰原因:新的解释

关于我国货币供给和通胀率的格兰杰因果检验的经验分析有两种相反的观点:一种认为货币供给是通胀率的格兰杰原因,而另一种观点则认为不是。已有的文献未能对这种分歧给出合理的解释。本文的研究发现,选择不同的滞后阶数和不同频率的数据是造成这种矛盾现象的重要原因。本文还指出,在面对多变量VAR模型和存在前瞻性货币供给行为时,传统的格兰杰因果检验将会失效,因此,不能依赖传统的格兰杰因果检验来判断我国货币供给和通胀率之间的关系。通过对历史通胀率预测误差的分解,本文发现,我国货币供给在引发和抑制通货膨胀过程中具有重要的作用。     

2000～2011年我国通货膨胀形成原因的实证研究

运用向量自回归(VAR)模型,对2000～2011年我国通货膨胀的形成原因进行实证分析的结果表明:货币供应量、经济增长率、人民币名义有效汇率和国际大宗商品价格整体上能够解释通货膨胀的形成。无论是短期或长期,产生通货膨胀的主要原因在于公众对通货膨胀的适应性预期,但长期内它还受到货币供应量、经济增长和输入性通货膨胀的影响,人民币名义有效汇率升值对于通货膨胀的抑制作用不明显。因此,短期内治理通货膨胀应以降低对通货膨胀的适应性预期为主,长期内还应兼顾其他因素。     

我国通货膨胀的实证研究

通过对可能影响我国通货膨胀的因素,包括GDP增长率,货币供应量,居民消费水平和工资的格兰杰因果分析和自回归分布滞后模型分析,可知我国通货膨胀和货币供应量,居民预期有着密切关系。     

股票价格具有货币政策指示器功能吗——来自中国1997～2006年的经验证据

本文运用VAR模型考察了以股票价格为代表的金融资产价格对我国通货膨胀的影响。实证分析表明,我国股票价格的变动对产出缺口存在一定的正向影响,但是这种影响不太稳定,说明我国股票价格通过总需求渠道对未来通货膨胀产生的影响比较微弱。同时,我国股票价格的变动能引起未来CPI和WPI的同向变化,尤其与CPI的关系非常稳定,说明股票价格在一定程度上包含了我国未来通货膨胀的信息。因此,我国股票价格可以作为一个帮助判断未来经济走势和通货膨胀变动趋势的货币政策指示器。     

出口导向与中国奇迹:一个向量自回归模型

中国经济为什么会长时间持续增长?在奇迹的背后蕴藏着什么?本文研究了出口和中国经济增长的关系,对中国对外贸易与出口额进行单位根检验,然后进行格兰杰因果检验,根据检验结果建立一个向量自回归模型(VAR),最后对模型的结果进行实证脉冲响应分析,发现出口和中国经济的增长存在着较大的联系,中国经济持续增长的背后是我们的出口导向政策。     

开放条件下中国通货膨胀的治理政策建议——基于通胀传导机制角度

本文在总结国内学者对通货膨胀治理政策的若干观点和开放条件下通货膨胀的国内外经济政策环境基础上,分析了通货膨胀在开放条件下的新特征及未来可能的传导机制,并提出了面对目前的经济形势,如何从通货膨胀传导机制的各个环节入手预防通货膨胀的政策建议.     

当前我国通货膨胀的根源和走势分析

通货膨胀和经济增长走势的歧异给下半年宏观调控带来挑战。最近数月以来,我国通货膨胀的压力挥之不去,CPI等相关数据的公布总牵动市场的神经。此外,经济减速的迹象也日益明显,也引发各方的关注。物价水平和经济增长走势的背离给宏观调控带来了严峻挑战,通货膨胀作为影响政策的重要因素,未来通货膨胀的准确预测也极其重要。     

A New Model of Inflation,Trend Inflation,and Long‐Run Inflation Expectations

This paper develops a bivariate model of inflation and a survey‐based long‐run forecast of inflation that allows for the estimation of the link between trend inflation and the long‐run forecast. Thus, our model allows for the possibilities that long‐run forecasts taken from surveys can be equated with trend inflation, that the two are completely unrelated, or anything in between. Using a variety of inflation measures and survey‐based forecasts for several countries, we find that long‐run forecasts can provide substantial help in refining estimates and fitting and forecasting inflation. It is less helpful to simply equate trend inflation with the long‐run forecasts.     

人民币汇率变动对我国通货膨胀的影响：汇率传递视角的研究

在开放经济条件下,汇率变动对一国通货膨胀水平的决定具有重要作用。本文利用自回归分布滞后(ARDL)模型研究了人民币汇率变动对以消费者价格指数(CPI)衡量的国内通货膨胀的传递效应。研究结果表明,人民币汇率变动对以CPI衡量的通货膨胀水平的传递是不完全的且存在明显的时滞,长期和短期汇率传递效应都很低;汇率变动对我国CPI的传递效应受食品价格冲击的影响非常大。本文的研究结论对于我国的汇率制度改革和货币政策实施等具有重要的启示意义。     

New Measures for Inflation Uncertainty and Disagreement from Treasury Auctions: Alternative to Surveys

In this article, we propose a novel methodology to construct new uncertainty and disagreement measures for the long-term inflation rate with the use of micro data of Treasury auctions. We employ individual bids submitted in Treasury auctions for nominal and inflation indexed bonds. We argue that these newly formed indicators do not have the problems associated with the survey and market-based uncertainty and disagreement measures. We also focus on the interactions of our proposed measures for inflation rate by comparing the measures commonly used in the literature. The findings of this article are believed to enhance the effectiveness of policy-making by introducing new proxies for crucial economic variables and also by providing the opportunity for other emerging economies with inadequate surveys to construct historical uncertainty and disagreement measures for inflation rates.     

A UK Test of an Inflation‐Adjusted Ohlson Model

Abstract:   This paper conducts a UK test of a version of the Ohlson (1995) model. We should only expect abnormal earnings to revert to zero if the book value of assets is economically meaningful. In this paper we make use of the property revaluations common in UK accounts, but estimate other asset values and earnings in inflation‐adjusted terms. This, we argue, gives rise to estimates of abnormal earnings that can reasonably be expected to revert to zero. We then test this modified model on UK data using the Dechow, Hutton and Sloan (1999) method. In line with the predictions of the Ohlson model, we find that these modified abnormal earnings appear to mean revert, and that a first order autoregressive process is sufficient to capture the persistence of UK real abnormal earnings. The modified abnormal earnings model in general predicts one year ahead earnings more successfully than an unmodified model. Furthermore, for much of the sample period, one year ahead predictions of abnormal earnings are better for the real model during periods of higher inflation. The undervaluation problem found in prior studies appears to be replaced with an overvaluation problem in the real model which is more acute during periods of high inflation. Last, we show that an estimate of the model based upon an industry level specification appears to perform no better than a market‐wide specification of the model.     

结构性通货膨胀解析——基于当前中国通货膨胀问题的思考

本文从总需求和总供给的经济结构两个层面对我国通货膨胀形势进行了剖析,表明我国当前源于总需求层面的通货膨胀压力已为中央银行的宏观调控锁定,目前的通货膨胀主要来源于经济结构层面。本文用部门间CPI的离散程度来表示结构性通货膨胀的数量特征,运用部门瓶颈模型分析了其形成机制,表明其根源在于农业部门发展的相对滞后,进而从收入分配角度解释了结构性通货膨胀的自我维持机制。在此基础上本文就抑制通货膨胀问题提出了相应的政策建议。     

A New Time‐Varying Parameter Autoregressive Model for U.S. Inflation Expectations

We study the evolution of U.S. inflation by means of a new noncausal autoregressive model with time‐varying parameters that outperforms the corresponding causal and constant‐parameter noncausal models in terms of fit and forecast accuracy. Our model also beats the unobserved component stochastic volatility (UCSV) model, one of the best‐performing univariate inflation forecasting models, in terms of both point and density forecasts. We also show how the new Keynesian Phillips curve can be estimated based on our noncausal model. Both expected and lagged inflation turn out important, but the former dominates in determining the current inflation.     

Monetary Pressures and Inflation Dynamics in Turkey: Evidence from P-Star Model

This paper uses the P-star model to explain inflation dynamics in Turkey. In P-star models, money determines the price gap, which is postulated to measure the pressure on prices in an economy. This pressure emerges when output is above the potential, the interest rate is lower than the natural rate, or there is pure excess money in the economy. The estimation results with the Turkish data show that the price gap contains considerable information for explaining inflation dynamics. Moreover, the model selection criterion that compares the empirical performance of the P-star model with the new classical Phillips curve relation favors the P-star model over the Phillips curve relationship. We conclude that money is efficacious in predicting risk in price stability in Turkey.     

Measuring Inflation Anchoring and Uncertainty: A U.S. and Euro Area Comparison

We use several U.S. and euro‐area surveys of professional forecasters to estimate a dynamic factor model of inflation featuring time‐varying uncertainty. We obtain survey‐consistent distributions of future inflation at any horizon, both in the U.S. and the euro area. Equipped with this model, we propose a novel measure of the anchoring of inflation expectations that accounts for inflation uncertainty. Our results suggest that following the Great Recession, inflation anchoring improved in the United States, while mild de‐anchoring occurred in the euro area. As of our sample end, both areas appear to be almost equally anchored.     

Stock Prices and Inflation: New Evidence from the Pacific-Basin Countries

This paper investigates the statistical relationship between stock prices and inflation in nine countries in the Pacific-Basin. On balance, regression analysis on the nine markets shows negative relationships between stock returns in real terms and inflation in the short run, while co-integration tests on the same markets display a positive relationship between the same variables over the long run. The time path of the response of stock prices plotted against corresponding changes in consumer price indices validates this dichotomy in time-related response patterns of stock prices to inflation; namely, a blip of negative responses at the beginning changes to a positive response over a longer period of time. Stock prices in Asia, like those in the U.S. and Europe, appear to reflect a time-varying memory associated with inflation shocks that make stock portfolios a reasonably good hedge against inflation in the long run.     

中国转轨时期的货币非超中性和通货膨胀——兼论中国货币政策双重目标的体制根源

本文通过引入一个含有资本品生产不对称信息和消费品生产流动性约束的干中学世代交叠模型,证实了在干中学发展阶段和金融欠发达共同作用下,中国需要实行国家隐性担保和利率管制相配合的金融体制,并实行适应性货币政策,激励银行信用扩张,加速企业投资和经济增长。运用该模型能够较好地解释中国转轨时期正的货币非超中性和通货膨胀并存格局,并在此基础上剖析相应的兼顾经济增长和通货膨胀控制的货币政策双重目标体制根源。