合并商誉减值测试的探讨

文章以合并商誉后续计量为切入点,比较了中外合并商誉减值测试的有关规定,并对其会计处理过程进行了具体分析。通过对目前我国合并商誉减值测试存在问题的总结,进而提出相关建议,希望能对我国合并商誉减值测试的会计实务起到借鉴作用。     

合并商誉会计处理解析

一、新会计准则中商誉会计处理的规定 《企业会计准则第20号——企业合并》对商誉的确认和计量作了新的规定。在非同一控制下的企业合并中,合并成本大于被购买方可辨认净资产公允价值的部分,确认为商誉;合并成本小于被购买方可辨认净资产公允价值的部分,直接计入合并当期损益。初始确认后的商誉,不再进行摊销,而是于每一个会计期末,按《企业会计准则第8号——资产减值》（以下简称“资产减值准则”）的规定对其进行减值测试。但鉴于商誉难以独立产生现金流量,因此,应结合与其相关的资产组或资产组组合进行减值测试。（1）此处的资产组或资产组组合应是能够从企业合并的协同效应中受益的资产组或资产组组合,     

商誉性质及其后续计量方法研究

商誉的后续计量方法应该采用减值测试法还是摊销法,学术界对此争论多年.文章针对国际会计准则委员会(IASB)发布的《企业合并——披露、商誉及其减值(讨论稿)》和国际评估准则委员会(IVSC)发布的有关商誉的三篇系列报告中的相关观点,从商誉的本质、商誉的组成部分以及未来现金流量三个视角对商誉的性质进行研究,得出不同于IASB及IVSC的结论:商誉是使用寿命有限的消耗性资产;基于商誉的性质,从商誉减值测试的成本与复杂性、滞后性方面分析了商誉减值框架的局限性,以及滞后性解决方法的局限性;最后对减值测试法和摊销法进行比较,得出结论:相对于减值测试法,摊销法更能以合理的成本,实现对商誉的会计报告目标.     

企业合并商誉会计处理问题的探讨

文章通过对现行企业会计准则合并商誉的解读以及对国内外合并商誉会计处理的对比,阐述了对我国现行企业会计准则下合并商誉的初始确认和减值测试会计处理的理解和认识;分析了合并商誉与国际普遍做法的趋同之处和差异所在;对我国的商誉确认中负商誉计入当期损益的做法及减值测试中存在实务操作困难等问题提出了建议。     

商誉减值问题研究

结合美国会计准则、国际会计准则和中国会计准则的有关规定,对商誉减值测试的三个变量即减值测试单元、减值测试计量属性和减值测试方法进行了分析比较.较以前相关的会计准则规定而言,我国会计准则在商誉后续计量规范上取得了很大的进步,但在个别规定上仍然存在一些问题;针对这些问题提出了合理建议.     

合并报表中商誉减值测试方法的优化

我国企业会计准则及解释对企业合并形成的商誉的减值测试方法作了详细阐述，尊重了企业合并理念及商誉在合并资产负债表中列示的原则。然而在确定与商誉相关的资产组或资产组组合的账面价值与其可收回金额时。口径不一致，使商誉减值测试方法的理论基础有偏颇。本文将重新整理对合并资产负债表中商誉减值测试的理论流程。使商誉减值测试方法得到优化。     

合并商誉减值测试的会计问题研究

合并商誉的后续计量是我国会计界需要深入研究的新课题。本文在比较IASC、FASB、CAS相应规定的基础上,指出了进行合并商誉减值测试的利与弊,并从完善与可行的视角对合并商誉的后续计量提出了若干设想。     

对合并商誉减值测试的思考

本文对《企业会计准则第20号——企业合并》(以下简称“新准则”)中合并商誉的处理规定进行了探讨。在对合并商誉这一概念进行阐述的基础上,就合并商誉减值测试的理论依据及其产生的影响和可能存在的弊端进行了分析。     

商誉会计处理例解

《企业会计准则2006》从不同角度对商誉的确认、减值测试和列示披露做了规范。本文拟以准则为依据,结合实例对商誉的确认、减值测试的会计处理进行探讨,以期对会计实务有所帮助。从《企业会计准则第20号——企业合并》、《企业会计准则第20号——企业合并应用指南》、《企业会计准则第33号——合并财务报表》、《企业会计准则第8号——资产减值》有关商誉会计处理的规定可知：     

对合并商誉减值测试的思考

本文对《企业会计准则第20号——企业合并》（以下简称“新准则”）中合并商誉的处理规定进行了探讨。在对合并商誉这一概念进行阐述的基础上，就合并商誉减值测试的理论依据及其产生的影响和可能存在的弊端进行了分析。     

商誉会计处理探析

企业商誉的价值越来越受到经营者和投资者及其他相关人员的关注,企业商誉的会计处理又是一个特殊的问题。本文在参考《企业会计准则》和现行会计处理模式及惯例的基础上,介绍了商誉的概念,对商誉的确认、计量及减值损失的会计处理进行了探析,以期能帮助使用者更好地理解商誉。     

商誉本质误解及其会计误区之我见

本文分析了理论界和实务界对商誉本质的误解以及商誉的会计处理中存在的误区。本文认为,将商誉人为划分为“自创”和“外购”是商誉会计理论始终存在“瓶颈”的根源。商誉本质上是一种自创价值,外购只是商誉价值在某个特殊时点上得以实现的一种途径,而不能作为商誉的主要来源。然而,商誉会计理论中对“外购商誉”与“商誉”的表述导致了概念的混淆,对本质的误解必然导致会计计量上存在误区。只有澄清商誉的本质,否则商誉会计理论的“瓶颈”将永远不会突破。     

对非货币性交易规定的质疑与探讨

《企业会计制度》对非货币性交易的处理作出了若干规定。但笔者认为用换出资产的账面价值作为换入资产的入账价值,与会计的基本原则谨慎性,相关性,可靠性不相适宜。为此,进行了初步的探讨,并提出了一种新的处理意见:先对换出资产进行处置,再以换入资产的公允价值作为换入资产的入账价值,希望能使会计操作更加合理。     

Market Reaction to Goodwill Impairments

This paper examines the information content of goodwill write-downs under International Accounting Standard (IAS) 36 (Impairment of Assets) and Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 142. We investigate whether the informational value depends on the reliability of the news. Using a sample of 564 goodwill write-down announcements issued from 2005 to 2009, we find a negative capital market reaction to announcements of unexpected goodwill write-offs. Our results indicate that investors react more negatively when a country's level of legal protection is low and allows more management discretion. We further report that market reaction is associated with managers explaining the write-down decision and depends on the verifiability of these explanations. Investors react more negatively when an unverifiable internal explanation is given and less negatively when a verifiable external explanation is provided. We do not find significant differences between write-down announcements under SFAS 142 and IAS 36.     

Effects of Alternative Goodwill Treatments on Merger Premia: Further Empirical Evidence

In this study, we extend our analysis of the effects of international accounting diversity on market behavior. Specifically we examine whether national differences in the treatment of purchased goodwill are associated with differences in premia offered by non-U.S. acquirers other than the British when bidding for U.S. target companies. We find merger premia offered by foreign acquirors who enjoy advantageous accounting or tax treatments relative to U.S. acquirors to be higher, on average, than those offered by U.S. acquirors. Regression analyses show that goodwill accounting does explain merger premia. The higher coefficient on goodwill in German acquisitions, relative to Japanese acquisitions, indicates that merger premia are associated with accounting diversity among various countries in the sense that, while tax benefits are available in both Japan and Germany, more favorable accounting treatments are operative in the latter.     

Accounting Discretion in Goodwill Impairments: UK Evidence

This study examines managers’ use of discretion in determining goodwill impairment losses following the mandatory adoption of IFRS 3 “Business Combinations,” and whether this discretion reflects opportunistic reporting by managers or the provision of their private information. Although IFRS 3 was issued to improve the accounting treatment for goodwill and provide users with more useful and value‐relevant information regarding the underlying economic value of goodwill, it has been criticized on the grounds of the managerial discretion inherent in impairment testing. Therefore, ex‐ante, it is unclear how the impairment‐only approach has affected the reporting of goodwill impairment losses. After controlling for economic factors, empirical results reveal that managers are exercising discretion in the reporting of goodwill impairments following the adoption of IFRS 3. Specifically, goodwill impairments are more likely to be associated with recent CEO changes, income smoothing and “big bath” reporting behaviors. However, the results also indicate that goodwill impairments are strongly associated with effective governance mechanisms suggesting that managers are more likely to be exercising their accounting discretion to convey their private information about the underlying performance of the firm rather than acting opportunistically. These inferences are robust to various modeling specifications and variable definitions, suggesting that IFRS 3 has provided managers with a framework to reliably convey their private information about future cash flows consistent with the IASB's objectives in developing the impairment standard.     

新会计准则中公允价值应用研究

本文通过对比、归纳、分析的方法,对2006年新会计准则中公允价值的运用及其规范分析后发现:准则在公允价值的属性定位、计量标准、应用指南、披露要求等方面存在逻辑矛盾或不足,这在一定程度上影响了准则对会计实务的指导作用。在从理论上分析了公允价值的本质特性后,结合国际公允价值规范的最新发展,提出新会计准则体系中应对公允价值的含义进行具体界定、进一步扩大公允价值披露范围、制定全面统一的规范指南等建议,以期有利于会计准则的进一步修订与完善,从而更好地适应我国的经济环境。     

负商誉的价值相关性研究——基于新企业会计准则的实证研究

基于新企业会计准则下负商誉的会计政策,运用剩余收益估值模型和回报模型,本文系统探讨了负商誉对股票价值和超额回报的影响效应。研究发现:(1)扣除负商誉后的剩余收益对股价有显著正的解释力,而负商誉与股价负相关;(2)扣除负商誉后的未预期盈余对超额回报有显著正的解释力,负商誉与超额回报负相关。实证结论说明,市场不仅能够辨别盈余结构,而且市场投资者能够辨别负商誉的价值含义。     

Proposed international standard on auditing financial statements of less complex entities: IAASB IAAER roundtables—Breakout 1 authority and groups

This commentary summarizes stakeholder views voiced during roundtables on the 2021 International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board's (IAASB) Exposure Draft: Proposed International Standard on Auditing of Financial Statements of Less Complex Entities (ED LCE). For EDs, IAASB's due process includes seeking stakeholder views in a formal consultation format on a specified number of issues deemed relevant to further improve the proposed standard. Following its mission, the International Association for Accounting Education and Research—together with the IAASB—facilitated roundtables linking audit practitioners, academics, and financial statements users. The three roundtables followed a structured agenda including the same (but not all) topics on which the IAASB seeks views. In this commentary, we summarize views heard during the first roundtable breakout session focused on authority and groups and provide recommendations to the IAASB regarding the way forward.     

商誉会计处理探讨

在购买法下,由于控股公司购买被控股公司的价格可能大于或小于所获得被控股公司净资产的公允价值,通常会出现合并商誉问题。如何处理合并商誉,各国会计界有不同的理解,在实务上也存在很大的区别。其次,关于自创商誉也各有说法。文中将各种观点集合起来进行比较,并发表自己的意见共大家探讨。