车险欺诈原因分析与对策探析

车险欺诈不仅给保险企业造成经济损失,而且阻碍社会精神文明建设,扰乱社会秩序.本文对车险欺诈的成因加以分析,并以此为基础探讨对保险欺诈风险进行有效防范和化解的对策,以产生良好的社会效益和经济效益.因此,在现阶段保险机构应通过加大宣传力度、完善保险合同等途径对保险欺诈行为进行打击,以促进车险行业的健康发展.     

保险欺诈防范方法之二：实地调查法

实地调查法是保险公司用来防范保险欺诈的一种很重要的日常性工作方法。从理论上讲，如果保险公司有能力对每一起保险事故进行实地调查的话，那么保险欺诈就可以被消灭。在实践中保险经营的经济合理原则要求保险公司只能将有限的资源投入到十分有限的赔案调查中去。实地调查法首先要解决的问题就是什么样子的案件才可以采用这种方法。以车险为例，美国的保险公司通常只对下列案件进行实地调查：     

车险人伤保险欺诈及其防范对策

车险人伤保险欺诈的概念和社会危害性 本文所称车险人伤保险欺诈,指在涉及车辆伤人事故中,投保人、被保险人、驾驶人、受害人及其利益攸关方（受益人应作广义理解）,以虚构保险标的、编造保险事故或其发生的原因、谎报事故性质、夸大损失程度、伪造证据等手段,来骗取保险金的行为。     

保险欺诈防范方法之一：关键指标法

据美国反保险欺诈联盟估计，每年仅美国的车险欺诈就有800亿美元之巨，平均每个美国公民326.47美元。车险、工伤险和健康险被并列为三个最容易遭受欺诈的险种，按照业内多数人经验估计，我国车险赔付至少有三分之一与欺诈有关，另外健康险中的欺诈也占有相当的比例，保险欺诈已经成为威胁我国保险业健康发展的毒瘤。从本期开始，本刊设立反欺诈专栏，对国际上成熟的保险欺诈防范方法予以介绍，以飨读者。     

机动车辆保险欺诈检测系统及团伙识别研究

随着我国保险业的蓬勃发展,车险领域的保险欺诈问题日益严峻。鉴于我国在机动车辆保险欺诈检测技术方面较为滞后,本文针对车险反欺诈检测方法进行研究,首次将团伙微观建模应用于机动车辆保险欺诈检测。通过引入广义团伙概念,采用基于矩阵的相似度计算、秩排序和变换算法,对极小概率发生但又高度可疑的团伙实现有效识别。相较于传统方法具有更准确和高效的实际应用价值:引入广义团伙对车险欺诈进行全方位识别;将可疑欺诈团伙的车辆碰撞关系映射为人网络关系,从而避免各种人为规避行为对识别和检测的影响;不需要确定的欺诈样本,也不需要进行模型训练就可以直接应用;采用矩阵数值运算完成全部过程,有效提高计算效率。     

美国防范保险欺诈的成功经验及启示

美国的保险欺诈一度猖獗,保险诈骗金额约占赔付总额的20％－30％,不仅给保险公司带来巨大损失,而且严重侵害了广大投保人的利益。为此,从上世纪九十年代开始,美国采取了一系列强硬措施予以打击,其思路大体可以概括为：立法先行、政府推动、（保险）公司为主、行业联合、社会参与、共同治理,构建多层次、全方位的反保险欺诈体系。美国的成功经验对我国防范保险欺诈具有一定的借鉴意义。     

保险欺诈的表现形式及危害

随着我国保险业持续迅速发展,保险欺诈案件也呈现上升趋势。根据调查,广东省东莞、珠海、江门三市83家地市级保险机构中,40%的机构认为自2000年以来保险欺诈现象逐年上升,有越来越严重的趋势。保险欺诈,不仅危害保险业的健康发展,而且损害保险消费者利益、影响社会和谐稳定,必须引起高度重视。保险欺诈的表现形式根据保险合同关系发生的时间先后顺序,可将保险欺诈分为保险合同成立时的欺诈和保险合同履行时的欺诈。     

台湾地区保险反欺诈经验及启示

保险欺诈是指欺诈人或机构团体以作为或不作为的手段于保险产业中获取不诚实或不法的利益。防治保险欺诈是国际性的难题,台湾保险犯罪防治工作起步早,独具特色,取得了一定的成效,值得我们借鉴。台湾保险欺诈犯罪防治工作主要特点是:风险识别的广泛运用;灵活有序的组织框架;信息引导侦查的犯罪情报系统;反应迅速的案件报告制度;融合力量的一体化行动。我国大陆地区应进一步完善政府主导的共同打击保险犯罪框架;建立保险犯罪专业数据库尽快实现信息共享;成立保险犯罪防治专业组织;逐步建立保险反欺诈情报系统;加强保险反欺诈的交流与合作。     

基于BP神经网络的保险欺诈识别研究——以中国机动车保险索赔为例

当前保险欺诈在国内外呈现蔓延态势,尤其体现在机动车保险领域,欺诈识别已成为保险欺诈研究的核心内容.目前保险欺诈识别有统计回归和神经网络两大类方法,这两种方法在指导思想和识别流程上各有优缺.本文基于我国财产保险公司车险索赔样本数据,检验BP神经网络在我国保险欺诈识别中的有效性;同时为了尝试统计回归和神经网络的有效融合,本...     

保险欺诈的风险防范及处理——以车辆保险欺诈为路径

保险欺诈是保险发展中的副产品。保险欺诈行为不仅直接扰乱了保险业正常经营秩序,侵害保险机构利益,而且间接提高了保险产品和保险服务价格,损害了保险消费者利益,破坏了市场秩序,动摇了行业健康、持续发展的基础。反保险欺诈研究对促进保险业健康发展具有深远的意义。     

Debt and Taxes and Uncertainty

With a graduated personal tax schedule, Miller showed that there could be an equilibrium debt supply for the corporate sector as a whole. In the presence of uncertainty there is also a unique debt/equity ratio for each individual firm, and this ratio is related to the firm's operational risk characteristics. However, if firms merge and spin off in response to tax incentives, the identity of firms is ambiguous and only the corporate sector is a meaningful construct. These arguments are developed in both discrete and continuous models that employ extensions of the arbitrage-free pricing theory.     

教育与资本怎样的前景怎样的现实

来自政府的声音: "动员各种社会资源,发展教育" 此次论坛上财政部长助理张少春的发言是最受关注的发言之一.他的演讲传达出的信息有这样几方面:第一,谈到现实,他认为全社会对教育的巨大需求与我国公共投入不足已成为我国教育事业发展的突出矛盾.近年来,以公共部门投入为主,多渠道筹措教育经费的教育投入机制成为解决这一问题的重要途径,也使得公共部门与私营部门在教育领域的合作日益密切.第二,谈到前景,他认为,1.中国经济持续、快速的增长对高技能人才产生巨大的需求,这为私营部门的参与提供了广阔空间.2.随着公共财政职能的不断完善,财政资金将在各项教育事业中重新进行分配,进一步优化财政支出结构,提高资金的使用效率.在"十一五"期间,我国将把公共支出的重点转移到农村.我们将逐步把全体农村适龄儿童的义务教育全部纳入公共财政体制.     

Director gender and mergers and acquisitions

Does director gender influence CEO empire building? Does it affect the bid premium paid for target firms? Less overconfident female directors less overestimate merger gains. As a result, firms with female directors are less likely to make acquisitions and if they do, pay lower bid premia. Using acquisition bids by S&P 1500 companies during 1997–2009 we find that each additional female director is associated with 7.6% fewer bids, and each additional female director on a bidder board reduces the bid premium paid by 15.4%. Our findings support the notion that female directors help create shareholder value through their influence on acquisition decisions. We also discuss other possible interpretations of our findings.     

Political corruption and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between political corruption and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that local corruption increases firm acquisitiveness but decreases firm targetiveness. The levels of corruption in acquirer areas relate positively to the bid premiums and negatively to the likelihood of deal completion. Corruption motivates acquiring firms to use excess cash for payment, which mitigates the negative effect of corruption on acquirer shareholder value. The evidence indicates that acquisitions help acquiring firms convert cash into hard-to-extract assets and relocate assets from the high to low corruption areas, thereby shielding their liquid assets from expropriation by local officials.     

Trust and cross-border mergers and acquisitions

A number of studies suggest that social trust matters for investment. Using different measures of trust from World Values Survey, we show that countries where people display higher levels of trust engage in more cross-border M&A activities. When they do, these acquirers pay lower premiums. To the extent that these acquirers also tend to engage in larger acquisitions as well, our findings suggest that a larger selection pool of potential targets and higher value targets enable these acquirers to negotiate for lower premiums. We do not find evidence of the significant effect for target country trust levels. Hence, trust may benefit those acquiring firms in cross-border transactions.     

Tournament-based incentives and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between tournament-based incentives, which are proxied by the difference between a firm's CEO pay and the median pay of the senior managers, and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that tournament-based incentives are positively related to firm acquisitiveness and acquiring firms' stock and operating performance. Further analysis indicates that positive acquisition performance increases the likelihood of the CEO being promoted from inside the acquiring firm. Our evidence is consistent with the view that tournament-based incentives motivate acquiring firms' managers to make greater efforts and take more risk that result in superior acquisition performance.     

Corporate Innovations and Mergers and Acquisitions

Using a large and unique patent‐merger data set over the period 1984 to 2006, we show that companies with large patent portfolios and low R&D expenses are acquirers, while companies with high R&D expenses and slow growth in patent output are targets. Further, technological overlap between firm pairs has a positive effect on transaction incidence, and this effect is reduced for firm pairs that overlap in product markets. We also show that acquirers with prior technological linkage to their target firms produce more patents afterwards. We conclude that synergies obtained from combining innovation capabilities are important drivers of acquisitions.     

East and west and north and south : A preliminary model

The Brandt report and other proposals for a new North-South world order continue to be the focus of lively debate, yet it is often argued that little concrete has emerged from their recommendations. A major reason for this, the author argues, is that the East-West conflict component is not sufficiently taken into consideration-East-West tensions are a severe constraint on and a determining factor of North-South relations. Using influence diagrams, the author develops a flexible framework for discussion and assessment of N/S-E/W relations.