论农地金融制度中的组织设置和风险分担

本文主要从当前的国内经济形势和背景出发，分析了农地金融制度实施的可能性、作用和必要性，以及在当前的制度环境下，在已有的金融体系中嵌入农地金融制度组织的设想和具体安排，同时分析了农地金融制度的风险分担机制。     

我国农地金融制度建设的思考

建立农地金融制度有助于解决我国农村地区缺乏抵押品、农村金融发展滞后的难题,对健全和完善我国农村金融体系具有积极的促进作用。该文在分析比较国内外农地金融制度的基础上,探讨我国农地金融制度建设的可行性和现实约束,最后对我国农地金融制度的构建提出初步设想。     

农地使用权证券化、资本化与农地金融

我国农地金融的制度基础是农地的所有权与使用权的分离,并赋予农地使用权物权的法律地位.在此基础上,通过农地使用权的证券化和资本化,可以丰富农地金融产品,促进农地金融市场的机制建设,并使农地金融的参与者获得更多的筹资渠道和资产管理手段.     

农地抵押贷款模式的比较考察与我国的路径选择

美国、德国、日本农地金融制度的成功经验,在政府支持、政策优惠、组织机构、合作形式、法律制度等方面对我国农地金融制度的创建具有借鉴意义。我国贵州省媚潭县、宁夏平罗县、重庆、山东等地也已开展了农地抵押贷款制度的实践探索和实验试点。我国应该从修改完善立法,扫清农地抵押法律障碍;完善组织机构,组建农地抵押贷款银行;建立担保机制,创新农地抵押贷款模式;规范操作流程,明确农地抵押贷款程序;构建良好环境,培育农地抵押服务市场等方面入手,作为完善农地抵押贷款制度的路径选择。     

转型期我国农村土地制度变迁的历史逻辑——基于政府认知的视角

文章通过梳理转型期中国农地制度发展史,从政府认知视角进行分析,并建立起挂钟模型。研究认为,政府尤其是中央政府在农地制度的发展中起着决定性作用。农村改革以来,农民教育水平的提高,市场经济的发展,法制社会的建立,倒逼政府进行制度变革以适应经济发展需要,农地制度变迁的方向是进一步扩大农民的土地用益物权,保障农民的权益。提高政府的经济理论知识水平和认知水平,是农地制度改革的题中之义。     

供求理论视角下农地流转的金融支持问题探析——以福建省为例

农地流转刺激了对金融的需求,为农村金融业提供巨大的市场,而现有的金融供给和支持力度无法满足农村金融需求产生了农地流转金融供求数量和结构性失衡。建议从以下方入手以化解农村金融贷款风险：完善农村金融制度,加强农地流转的金融政策扶持;完善抵押担保和农村社会保障体系,为农地金融制度奠定基础;改进农地金融服务,创新农地金融产品;健全农地金融的配套制度。     

农地流转中地方政府缺位和越位问题研究

农地流转是一项复杂的工作,我国地方政府在推进农地流转过程中存在越位和缺位问题,原因在于我国农地产权主体模糊、地方政府过度的财政倾向、法律法规缺失等方面。作为国家代理人的地方各级政府,应转变职能,构建稳定的农地流转制度环境;履行公共服务职责;提供政策和法律服务,从而建立完善稳定的农地流转市场。     

论中国农地金融的特殊性

一般而言,农地金融是以土地作为抵押品的资金融通。它以土地所有权(或使用权)的抵押作为获取信用的保证,使农民便利地获得发展所需要的资金,解决土地经营者的资金短缺,以实现农业的可持续发展。农地金融作为一种金融体制,涉及到两种制度安排：农地制度和金融制度。所谓农地制度,是一个国家或地区在农业用地所有权与经营权及其管理方面的法律制度规范     

统筹城乡背景下农村土地金融制度构建

农地金融与农村经济发展之间是协调发展、相互促进的关系。以统筹城乡为背景分析重庆市农地金融在土地抵押权、风险化解方面还存在的问题。农村土地金融制度构建应从原则和具体操作两个方面入手。     

国外农村土地流转的经验与借鉴

国外在推进农地流转过程中,注重农地流转与土地规模经营的关系,充分发挥政府在农地流转中的引导作用,农地流转形式也多样化,农地流转法律体系也比较健全。我国农地流转与规模经营需因地制宜,分类指导;现阶段应加大政府推动和引导的力度;建立和完善多种流转方式;完善农地流转的法律体系。     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。     

风险视角下企业治理结构和研发创新——基于委托代理模型的研究

本文基于委托代理模型,从风险的视角研究企业治理结构对研发创新能力的影响。本文构建了一个包含创新活动的委托代理模型进行理论分析,利用动态DEA 模型测算创新能力,并使用2015-2018年我国上市制造业企业数据进行实证检验。实证部分检验了理论结论:委托代理问题不利于企业提升研发创新能力,且客观风险和主观风险厌恶会加剧该负面影响。基于此,本文认为上市企业应根据企业自身研发活动特点有针对性地改善企业治理结构,提出了适当延长代理人任期、推动股权激励计划、提升代理人的风险承担能力等建议。     

生物群落结构原型的仿生学模拟

模拟生命系统管理规律的科学即管理仿生学,是知识时代仿生学研究的新领域与前沿.基于模拟生物群落结构规律的研究目的,采用仿生学模拟的研究方法,以生物群落结构为原型,建立了仿生群落结构模型.结论为:垂直结构、水平结构、时间结构与交错区结构是支持生物群落生命活动的结构规律,以该规律为原型,推理建立了仿生分层结构、仿生优化结构、仿生动态结构与仿生相邻结构,四种仿生结构分别侧重于管理资源的分层管理、局部优化管理、动态过程管理、相邻关系管理,该模型为建立类似生物群落的人造管理系统即仿生群落管理系统提供了仿生结构模型.可以预测,该模型具有广泛的应用价值,能够推动管理仿生学的发展.