透析城市营销

在当今全球化竞争激烈的时代,城市的发展越来越面临着来自全球层面的机遇和挑战.为了突破城市发展的困境,提升城市竞争力,众多城市纷纷采用城市营销策略.虽然我国的城市营销在实践中已经取得了一定的成绩,但总体上仍然处于相对落后的状态.本文从城市营销的概念入手,分析城市营销的动因,层次,面临的问题,并有针对地提出解决的对策建议.     

从产业链角度看中国创意城市开发

进入21世纪,世界范围的文化、经济一体化和消费观念的转变深刻影响到各类产业发展的新趋势。城市作为产业的集聚地和新型生产方式的策源地,顺应潮流的发展,也迅速展开了以文化营销城市、以文化论输赢、以文化创意提升城市竞争力的发展和竞争。能够产生特色鲜明、结构合理并有明显比较优势的城市品牌,是对城市进行成功创意开发的一个评价标准。     

二线城市旅游网络营销初探——以烟台为例

和一线城市相比,二线城市在人流、物流和信息流的集聚和扩散方面处于劣势.尽管二线城市也有一些游憩价值高、资源稀缺度高的旅游景区,但其知名度较低、美誉度欠佳,难以形成很强的品牌竞争力.信息网络技术的应用和普及,极大地降低了旅游消费者和供应商之间的信息不对称,可以有效地改善二线城市在营销旅游景区品牌方面的相对劣势,以较低的营销成本来吸引长尾市场,影响旅游者决策和消费行为.本文拟以二线城市—烟台为例,从供给和需求两个视角出发,分别就景区营销和游客感知进行问卷调查,评价景区营销绩效及其与游客感知之间的差距,进而就烟台市景区营销方式和策略提出合理化建议.     

河南城市品牌营销存在的问题及对策研究

城市品牌营销战略是整合城市资源、提升城市竞争力的前提.本文分析了河南城市品牌营销存在的问题,并提出了解决问题的对策,旨在增加河南城市品牌营销力度,树立鲜明城市品牌形象,提高河南城市竞争力.     

城市品牌与城市竞争力的相互作用

城市品牌的有效定位与提升对一个城市的发展会产生巨大的促进作用,而城市的发展会进一步带动城市竞争力的增强;城市竞争力的增强反过来又会提升城市品牌的知名度和影响力。界定城市品牌与城市竞争力内涵,全面、深入地理解二者之间的相互作用关系,有利于城市在全球化的竞争中获得更大的竞争优势,提高城市的竞争力和影响力。     

二线城市旅游网络营销初探——以烟台为例

和一线城市相比,二线城市在人流、物流和信息流的集聚和扩散方面处于劣势。尽管二线城市也有一些游憩价值高、资源稀缺度高的旅游景区,但其知名度较低、美誉度欠佳,难以形成很强的品牌竞争力。信息网络技术的应用和普及,极大地降低了旅游消费者和供应商之间的信息不对称,可以有效地改善二线城市在营销旅游景区品牌方面的相对劣势,以较低的营销成本来吸引长尾市场,影响旅游者决策和消费行为。本文拟以二线城市—烟台为例,从供给和需求两个视角出发,分别就景区营销和游客感知进行问卷调查,评价景区营销绩效及其与游客感知之间的差距,进而就烟台市景区营销方式和策略提出合理化建议。     

烟台城市旅游的发展与创新

发展城市旅游已经成为许多省市发展旅游业的首选。准确地进行SWOT分析,可以有助于城市旅游成功的开展。本文对烟台的城市旅游进行了SWOT分析,并给出了烟台城市旅游发展与创新的对策。     

基于分工理论的生态城市演进研究

本文以分工理论为基础,对城市发展进行了重新解释,并将其划分为4个阶段：农业城市、工业城市、科技信息化城市、生态城市。通过对各个阶段的具体分析,认为生态城市建设是解决城市发展瓶颈的最终之路,并从区域分工角度提出了城市生态化建设的假想模式。     

基于城市品牌构建的旅游城市竞争力提升研究——以内蒙古旅游城市为例

旅游城市不仅是旅游目的地建设的重点,也是我国旅游业发展和世界旅游强国建设的关键.随着旅游城市之间的竞争不断升级,城市品牌在旅游城市竞争力构成因素中的地位日显重要,城市品牌可以为城市吸引优质竞争资源,获取差异化的竞争优势,为城市发展提供持续的竞争动力.内蒙古的优秀旅游城市也应走品牌化的道路,结合城市自身独特的资源优势,塑造自己的城市品牌,提升旅游城市的竞争力.     

浅析驻马店市城市营销目标市场选择和定位

随着城市间竞争的加剧,城市营销逐渐被重视,已经成为城市提升竞争力的利器.作为中部地区的农业城市,驻马店市也需要通过制定合适的城市营销策略提高城市的竞争力.本文在分析驻马店市城市营销环境概况的基础上,提出了驻马店市城市营销的目标市场选择和定位,以期加快驻马店市城市营销的进程.     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…     

银行管理信息平台建设发展的思考

一、目前国内银行IT发展现状及面临的问题 银行数据集中工作的完成,标志着银行的业务由电子化建设阶段转入信息化建设阶段.一方面银行数据的集中提供了丰富全面的基础数据,面对日益庞大的数据源,如何将数字转化为对银行有用的信息,并从中发现知识,为银行的经营决策提供支持,是摆在银行IT人员面前的一个亟待解决的问题.另一方面用户对银行信息的需求日益增长,如果银行没有一套完整、实用的信息管理系统,将对业务发展非常不利.南京爱立信公司倒戈花旗银行事件曾经轰动一时,其中一个重要原因就是中国本地银行不能满足爱立信全球总部对南京爱立信公司的要求:每周财务上报和每天贷款限额管理.这一事件为中国商业银行的未来发展敲响了警钟,如果不加快管理信息系统的开发,迅速提升业务管理水平,类似的事件还会接连不断地发生,并最终导致国内商业银行在同国外商业银行的竞争中全面溃败.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.     

我国助学贷款改革刍议--"双担保"机制设计

国家新出台的助学贷款政策,还不过是既有的框架下的局部调整,存在诸多不完善的地方。为此,对国家助学贷款应构建高校与就业单位的“双担保”机制。从长期来看,要构建一个系统有效的“政府部门管理和商业银行运作相结合”、“多层次、多渠道、多方式”、“担保和非担保、贴息和非贴息、市场和非市场运作互相补充”的中国教育金融框架。