我国零售行业发展态势分析及政策建议

零售业在国民经济中的作用日益增强,对经济增长贡献越来越大,已逐渐成为引导生产和消费的先导型行业.本文从我国零售行业市场集中度;零售企业规模格局;外资零售企业进入态势;零售企业市场区域竞争格局;零售业态竞争格局5个方面分析了目前我国零售行业发展态势,提出要促进我国零售行业的健康发展,应该进一步促进零售企业规模的提升,促进中外资零售企业的公平竞争,促进零售企业区域分布及网点布局合理化,并且促进零售业态结构合理化.     

台湾零售业的演进及管理创新

近些年来，随着跨国零售巨头不断进入以及新兴业态不断涌现，国内零售业呈现出前所未有的高速发展之势。然而，就在消费者不断感到实惠的过程中，本土零售企业却在承受着过度竞争的煎熬。而依照人世的承诺，2004年12月11日，我国将取消外商投资商业企业在地域、股权和数量等方面的限制，国内零售业将全面实行对外资开放。这不仅意味着我国零售企业3年保护期正式结束，而且也意味着国内商业格局将进一步发生巨变。外商在中心城市的主导地位正逐渐向二、三级城市稳步推进。未来几年内，国内不同层次的零售企业与外资巨头之间基于生存和发展的竞争将在更广阔的空间中展开。     

零售业经营一体化模式的利与弊

零售企业选择业态需要考虑的问题是，选择单一业态还是进入多业态。中国零售企业通常认为进入多业态能够把握住更多的发展机会，同时还可以分散经营风险。但是，实际的情况是由于资源分散可能使得企业在每一个业态上都难以建立竞争优势。不仅如此，还会由于企业对新业态（新的经营领域）的经营管理陌生，由此产生的风险通常是远远大于多元化经营所带来的利益。纵观国际零售企业的发展历程，它们都是从经营单一业态开始，在建立起核心竞争能力后，才逐步进行地域扩张和多元化发展的。德国ALDI就是这样一家零售企业。它自１９４５年开始经营…     

跨国零售企业海外经营业态选择影响因素研究北大核心CSSCISSCI

跨国零售企业海外经营扩张过程中,业态地选择是其重要组成部分。本文通过对零售企业业态选择的内部影响因素和外部影响因素进行系统分析,建立了零售企业海外经营业态选择影响因素的数学模型。利用模型定量研究了沃尔玛公司海外市场业态选择情况,得到和实际情况较为一致结果,并与以往的定性研究成果相符合,实证检验了模型的实用性。该模型的建立,可为定量研究零售企业海外经营业态选择影响因素提供新的思路和方法。     

我国零售行业发展态势分析及政策建议

零售业在国民经济中的作用日益增强,对经济增长贡献越来越大,已逐渐成为引导生产和消费的先导型行业.本文从我国零售行业市场集中度;零售企业规模格局;外资零售企业进入态势;零售企业市场区域竞争格局;零售业态竞争格局5个方面分析了目前我国零售行业发展态势,提出要促进我国零售行业的健康发展,应该进一步促进零售企业规模的提升,促进中外资零售企业的公平竞争,促进零售企业区域分布及网点布局合理化,并且促进零售业态结构合理化.     

零售生命周期理论的一个经验证明:日本便利店的发展历程

本通过对日本便利店发展过程的实证研究，描述了零售业态在不同发展阶段的特征，进而从经验上证明了零售业态生命周期理论。日本便利店目前基本进入成熟期，便利店的改革与行业重组将会持续进行下去。借鉴日本的经验，在中国便利店的导入期，政府应制定有关政策，零售企业也应及时把握市场机遇。     

提高利用外资的质量──北京市24家企业入选全国500家最大外资工业企业

提高利用外资的质量──北京市２４家企业入选全国５００家最大外资工业企业初世敏，王治天改革开放以来，外商投资企业在北京市经济建设中发挥了越来越明显的作用。北京市利用外资建立外商投资企业超万家，外商实际投资达４４亿美元，开业投产的企业近３０００家；而且投...     

零售业态的生成与演进：基于知识的分析

零售业态的车轮理论是以竞争优势和技术的外生论为基础的。把企业的知识理论运用于零售企业及业态的分析可以发现：零售知识螺旋是业态生成的微观基础；零售业态螺旋是业态演进的路径特征。与车轮理论相比，螺旋理论兼顾了业态运行中的竞争与合作、成本与收益，并揭示了业态竞争优势的源泉，因而对我国零售业态变迁具有较强的解释力。     

中国连锁零售百强企业发展状况分析

本文从规模与增速、行业集中度、内外资的竞争、多业态和跨区域发展四个方面分析了近年来我国连锁零售百强企业发展的状况,指出中国连锁零售百强企业存在的主要问题,并据此提出健全法规、提高自营能力、开发无店铺业态、注重专业零售人才的定向培养和选拔等建议。     

入世后零售企业的竞争优势和竞争战略

一、我国零售业的竞争形势 加入世贸组织对于我国经济、社会各领域都将产生深远的影响，包括零售业在内的分销服务贸易一直是我国受保护最多和开放度最小的行业之一，因而也是开放后所受的冲击和考验最大的行业之一。入世后我国零售企业将面临一个全新的竟争态势，从广义上来说，“我国零售企业”应是包括外商投资零售企业和内资零售企业在内的我国境内所有零售企业，在本文特指内资零售企业，即所谓“民族产业”意义上的零售企业。 改革开放以来，中国经济持续高速增长，人民收入和生活水平大幅度提高，经济增长带来的收入和消费的增长突出…     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。     

风险视角下企业治理结构和研发创新——基于委托代理模型的研究

本文基于委托代理模型,从风险的视角研究企业治理结构对研发创新能力的影响。本文构建了一个包含创新活动的委托代理模型进行理论分析,利用动态DEA 模型测算创新能力,并使用2015-2018年我国上市制造业企业数据进行实证检验。实证部分检验了理论结论:委托代理问题不利于企业提升研发创新能力,且客观风险和主观风险厌恶会加剧该负面影响。基于此,本文认为上市企业应根据企业自身研发活动特点有针对性地改善企业治理结构,提出了适当延长代理人任期、推动股权激励计划、提升代理人的风险承担能力等建议。     

生物群落结构原型的仿生学模拟

模拟生命系统管理规律的科学即管理仿生学,是知识时代仿生学研究的新领域与前沿.基于模拟生物群落结构规律的研究目的,采用仿生学模拟的研究方法,以生物群落结构为原型,建立了仿生群落结构模型.结论为:垂直结构、水平结构、时间结构与交错区结构是支持生物群落生命活动的结构规律,以该规律为原型,推理建立了仿生分层结构、仿生优化结构、仿生动态结构与仿生相邻结构,四种仿生结构分别侧重于管理资源的分层管理、局部优化管理、动态过程管理、相邻关系管理,该模型为建立类似生物群落的人造管理系统即仿生群落管理系统提供了仿生结构模型.可以预测,该模型具有广泛的应用价值,能够推动管理仿生学的发展.