递归偏好、情绪波动与降低经济增长的福利成本分析

本文将消费者情绪波动因素纳入模型,通过引进递归效用函数,使用主观贴现因子、相对风险规避系数和跨期替代弹性三个主观偏好参数的变化来刻画情绪波动,并在此基础上估计了降低经济增长的福利成本。在数值模拟方法研究情绪波动各参数波动对降低经济增长的福利成本影响的同时,给出了在中国不同情形下的福利成本估计,最后给出政策建议。     

中国封闭式基金价格报酬过度波动的经验分析

本文研究了中国封闭式基金价格报酬与净资产报酬的数据特征及其影响关系 ,主要的结果是 :( 1 )中国封闭式基金的价格报酬相对于基金的净资产报酬一方面存在过度波动 ,另一方面又存在反映不足 ;( 2 )通过检验表明 ,投资者情绪风险对价格报酬过度波动具有显著的影响 ,而Fama的三因素风险因子对价格报酬的过度波动几乎没有解释力 ;( 3 )封闭基金价格报酬的过度波动表明 :由于投资者行为使基金股票价格相对于基金净值存在额外的系统风险 ,封闭式基金折价正是对这种系统风险的一种补偿。     

异质性主体下市场波动异象的行为金融学解释——基于计算金融的方法

本文结合行为金融和计算实验方法建立包含三类交易模式的异质跨期人工金融市场,分别在期望效用和前景理论框架下描述投资者决策方式对资产价格波动特征的影响。其中,基于前景理论框架的情绪交易包含二维风险态度、参考点效应、主观概率扭曲等多种心理因素。通过与上证50ETF波动特征的对比,本文验证了该模型对于异象观测的有效性;通过方差分析,验证了模型中市场环境和心理参数是价格波动特征改变的决定性因素。进一步,本文对不同参数取值下价格形成系统进行收益率横截面分析,发现系统环境和投资者心理因素对市场波动特征的影响机制存在差异,系统环境的改变能够引起收益率极端值增加和市场尾部风险累积,而心理因素仅引发收益率围绕均值的波动增加。这表明投资者认知局限和决策偏好导致的有限理性对市场波动的影响较为间接和温和,维护市场稳定更重要的措施应着眼于市场环境的改善。     

中国股市收益、收益波动与投资者情绪

本文从我国股市的现实情况出发 ,构造理论模型证明 :投资者接受价格信号时表现出来的情绪是影响均衡价格的系统性因子。这一结论得到实际数据的支持 ,实证发现投资者情绪的变化不仅显著地影响沪深两市收益 ,而且显著地反向修正沪深两市收益波动 ,并通过风险奖励影响收益。研究结果表明 ,沪深两市不仅具有相同的投资者行为和风险收益特征 ,而且均未达到弱式有效 ,机构投资者是可能的噪声交易者风险源。     

递归偏好、经济波动与增长的福利成本:基于中国的实证分析

本文采用递归效用函数形式,使用可分的相对风险规避系数与跨期替代弹性、主观贴现率三个因素刻画了消费者的偏好结构,而且在消费流的生成过程被假设为AR(1)基础上,运用年度实际人均消费数据,估计了中国经济增长与消除经济波动的福利成本。本文的研究表明:当相对风险规避系数和跨期替代弹性参数取合意数值时,中国经济周期的福利成本比较接近于经济增长的福利收益。     

货币政策地区效应的微观基础研究:我国省际居民消费储蓄行为的实证分析

本文通过使用面板数据对影响货币政策地区效应的微观基础-我国省际居民的消费储蓄行为进行实证研究。结果发现,时间贴现因子、风险厌恶系数、跨期替代弹性、综合效应因子等影响居民消费储蓄行为的参数在我国地区间存在较大差异,导致我国省际居民消费储蓄对利率的敏感性各不相同,进而使货币政策效应存在区域差异。     

行为金融与我国股票价格异常波动

忽视投资者的心理变化及其在市场上的表现,我们就无法理解证券市场中股价的异常波动。我国证券市场还是一个新兴的市场,投资者心理变化对市场的影响比在美国这样发达的国家中还要大。借鉴行为金融的研究成果,我们试图使投资者发现优秀的公司并长期持有,在股价的异常波动中规避风险。     

中国公司债券交易量与价格波动的关系

使用中国沪深证券交易所的公司债数据,检验了债券交易量与价格波动的线性关系和非线性尾部相关性,分析了债券流动性水平对量价关系的影响,研究了债券量价关系的时变特征。结果表明:中国公司债市场中债券交易量与价格波动之间存在显著的线性关系;债券流动性水平对量价关系有显著影响,债券流动性水平越高(低),则量价关系越弱(强);债券交易量与价格波动存在非对称的下尾相关性;债券量价关系具有时变性,市场低风险时期量价关系较弱,市场高风险时期量价关系较强。     

基金持股、止损机制与股价波动

中国A股的机构投资者持股能否降低市场波动这一问题一直存在诸多争论,本文使用了2010—2015年的A股基金和基金管理公司持股的数据,分析了机构投资者中的基金持股与股票价格波动的关系。通过实证分析本文发现:由于止损机制的存在,我国市场中的证券投资基金只能承受有限的噪音投资者风险。整体而言,证券投资基金持股能够降低市场的波动性,对于波动率较高的股票,证券投资基金持股比例与价格波动水平成正向关系;对于波动率较低的股票,基金持股比例与价格波动水平则成负向关系。     

消费与权益资产收益:针对我国资本市场的实证研究

基于我国资本市场的实际情况,以及CCAPM模型和递归效用函数的随机折现因子模型进行的实证研究表明,我国投资者的相对风险厌恶度远小于成熟资本市场投资者的相对风险厌恶度,消费跨期替代弹性也处于不合理的负值区间。同时,相关实证结果也不支持我国资本市场上存在“理性预期”和“权益资产溢酬之谜”。     

Foreign equity option pricing under stochastic volatility model with double jumps

This paper considers the challenging problem advocated by Huang and Hung (2005), that is to incorporate the stochastic volatility into the foreign equity option pricing. Foreign equity options (quanto options) are contingent claims where the payoff is determined by an equity in one currency but the actual payoff is done in another currency. Huang and Hung (2005) priced foreign equity options under the Lévy processes. In Huang and Hung's paper, they considered jumps in the foreign asset prices and exchange rates and assumed the volatility as constant. However, many studies showed that constant volatility and jumps in returns are incapable of fully capturing the empirical features of equity returns or option prices. In this paper, the stochastic volatility with simultaneous jumps in prices and volatility is proposed to model foreign asset prices and exchange rates. The foreign equity option pricing formula is given by using the Fourier inverse transformation. The numerical results show that the use of stochastic volatility with simultaneous jumps in prices and volatility proposed to model foreign asset prices and exchange rates is necessary and this approach can help us to capture more accurately the foreign equity option prices.     

Fiscal policy and asset price volatility

This paper investigates the relationship between volatility of different asset prices and the volatility of various indicators of fiscal policy (primary balance, spending and revenue). We find evidence that asset price volatility affects the volatility of fiscal policy stance in a positive and significant way. The effect comes primarily through residential property and equity price volatility on government revenue and spending. Increased volatility in commercial property prices is associated with increased variability of government revenue. Output growth volatility is the dominant determinant of revenue and primary balance variability, whereas bad budgetary conditions and the size of the public sector are the most significant determinants of spending variability. Trade openness leads to greater variability of government spending, revenue and primary balance to GDP ratios.     

Coordination and correlation in Markov rational belief equilibria

Summary This paper studies the effect of correlation in the rational beliefs of agents on the volatility of asset prices. We use the technique of generating variables to study stable and non-stationary processes needed to characterize rational beliefs. We then examine how the stochastic interaction among such variables affects the behavior of a wide class of Rational Belief Equilibria (RBE). The paper demonstrates how to construct a consistent price state space and then shows the existence of RBE for any economy for which such price state space is constructed. Next, the results are used to study the volatility of asset prices via numerical simulation of a two agents model. If beliefs of agents are uniformly dispersed and independent, we would expect heterogeneity of beliefs to have a limited impact on the fluctuations of asset prices. On the other hand, our results show that correlation across agents can have a complex and dramatic effect on the volatility of prices and thus can be the dominant factor in the fluctuation of asset prices. The mechanism generating this effect works through the clustering of beliefs in states of different levels of agreement. In states of agreement the conditional forecasts of the agents tend to fluctuatetogether inducing more volatile asset prices. In states of disagreement the conditional forecasts fluctuatein diverse directions tending to cancel each other's effect on market demand and resulting in reduced price volatility.This research was supported, in part, by the Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei of Milan, Italy, and by the Research Incentive Fund of Stanford University. The authors thank Carsten K. Nielsen and Ho-Mou Wu for valuable discussions on an earlier draft. Carsten K. Nielsen also made an important contribution to the development of Section 3.     

Asset prices and economic fluctuations: The implications of stochastic volatility

This paper investigates whether the multi-factor stochastic volatility of stock returns is related to economic fluctuations and affects asset prices. We address these issues in a dynamic Fama-French three-factor volatility model framework. Consistent with the ICAPM with stochastic volatility (Campbell et al., 2017), we find that the conditional volatility of the size and value factors is significantly related to economic uncertainty. These volatilities are also significant pricing factors. The out-of-sample forecasting analysis further reveals that the conditional volatility can predict stock returns and deliver economic gain in asset allocation. Our analysis sharpens the understanding on the link between the stock market and economic fundamentals.     

CAPITAL FLOWS AND JAPANESE ASSET VOLATILITY

Characterizing asset price volatility is an important goal for financial economists. The literature has shown that variables that proxy for the information arrival process can help explain and/or forecast volatility. Unfortunately, however, obtaining good measures of volume and/or order flow is expensive or difficult in decentralized markets such as foreign exchange. We investigate the extent that Japanese capital flows, which are released weekly, reflect information arrival that improves foreign exchange and equity volatility forecasts. We find that capital flows can help explain transitory shocks to generalized autoregressive conditionally heteroskedastic volatility.     

Macroeconomic implications of financial policy

This paper studies the effects of financial policy in a model with heterogeneous agents, incomplete markets and portfolio restrictions. For an economy calibrated to replicate key aspects of the U.S. wealth distribution, we find that the quantitative effects of financial policy are relatively small. The reason is that the households determining aggregate behavior are relatively well insured and can therefore offset the actions of the firm by modifying their portfolio allocations. However, financial policy has important effects on asset prices. Whereas a higher level of debt in the capital structure of the firm introduces more risk into the economy by increasing the volatility of the equity return, it enhances the liquidity of households by increasing the supply of bonds. In an economy with a substantial amount of heterogeneity, this last effect dominates and leverage leads to a decrease in the equity premium. This is in contrast to the findings in representative agent models, in which leverage unambiguously increases the premium through a higher equity return volatility.     

Quantitative easing and asset bubbles

Expansionary monetary policy is necessary to respond to financial crises. However, if Central Bank asset purchase initiatives are too large or last too long, they can lead to explosive increases in asset prices which add to the risk of a future crisis. This article employs two models including the Campbell–Shiller and Generalized Supremum Augmented Dickey Fuller techniques to search for bubbles in the US equity, housing and bond markets over the past eight years. Although, we find that prices in equities and housing have risen following Federal Reserve intervention, there is little indication of asset price bubbles. There is evidence of explosive bond price increases from September of 2011 to February of 2013.     

商品期货对资产配置的风险分散价值研究

基于BEKK-GARCH模型,本文考察了我国部分商品期货品种与股价指数收益率之间条件相关系数的动态变化特征,结果表明:商品期货与股价指数收益率之间存在较低的相关性;一些商品期货品种价格与股价指数的市场相关性呈长期减弱的趋势;而且,两者之间的相关性随股票市场波动率的增大而下降,股市波动幅度越大,商品期货与股价指数之间的相关性越低;这些都意味着商品期货对于资产配置有较好的风险分散价值。     

Rational Pessimism, Rational Exuberance, and Asset Pricing Models

The paper estimates and examines the empirical plausibility of asset pricing models that attempt to explain features of financial markets such as the size of the equity premium and the volatility of the stock market. In one model, the long-run risks (LRR) model of Bansal and Yaron, low-frequency movements, and time-varying uncertainty in aggregate consumption growth are the key channels for understanding asset prices. In another, as typified by Campbell and Cochrane, habit formation, which generates time-varying risk aversion and consequently time variation in risk premia, is the key channel. These models are fitted to data using simulation estimators. Both models are found to fit the data equally well at conventional significance levels, and they can track quite closely a new measure of realized annual volatility. Further, scrutiny using a rich array of diagnostics suggests that the LRR model is preferred.     

Interpretable asset markets?

In this paper we show that measures of economic uncertainty (conditional volatility of consumption) predict and are predicted by valuation ratios at long horizons. Further we document that asset valuations drop as economic uncertainty rises—that is, financial markets dislike economic uncertainty. Moreover, future earnings growth rates are sharply predicted by current price-earnings ratios. It seems that much of the variation in asset prices can be attributed to fluctuations in economic uncertainty and expected cash-flow growth. This empirical evidence is consistent with the implications of existing parametric general equilibrium models. Hence, the channels of fluctuating economic uncertainty and expected growth seem important for interpreting asset markets.