Hydrochloric acid tank explosion

Explosions in hydrogen chloride storage tanks are very rare. However, we have experienced one. The explosion was so powerful that the tank with a capacity 250 kL, 60% filled with 33% HCL, took off from the ground went up to 8–9 m high in air and landed around 50 m away. The contents of the tank sprayed all over the nearby area. Though the tank was surrounded by other plants and equipment, fortunately, it landed in a barren area. This averted loss of life and property that would have otherwise resulted. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2009     

国外智库管理运行机制及对我国的启示

智库在西方国家已经非常发达,成为影响政府决策的重要力量,而在我国智库刚刚起步,影响力和竞争力较低。完善的管理运行机制是国外著名智库成功的关键,所以研究借鉴国外著名智库先进的管理运行机制对我国智库意义非凡。通过研究国外一些与政府关系密切的著名智库,从四个方面对其管理运行机制作了系统总结和阐述,即人才管理机制、资金筹集机制、研究过程管理机制和成果管理机制,并提出了对国内院所加强内部管理的建议。     

地埋式液化石油气罐区在化工生产中的应用

针对某厂在建厂过程中,基建面积不足的问题,分析了采用地埋式液化石油气罐的优点,并说明地埋式液化石油气储罐省地、省材并安全可靠。     

切实把好压力容器产品的质量安全关

壁厚是确保压力容器有足够强度以避免破裂失效的重要参数。在检验中,发现有10台空气储气罐的实际壁厚小于设计工况下所需的设计厚度,强度不足,危及储气罐的安全使用。通过调查分析,这些储气罐为同一供应商供货,是一起典型的质量责任事件,主要是在采购和验收环节上失控。基于以上分析,提出了相应的预防对策,如加强供应商的管理、强化供货合同的管理、严把质量验收关等。     

Stop tank abuse

Large volumes of fluids are processed or stored in tanks of all shapes and sizes and occupy a major portion of the landscape within our chemical plants and refineries. These tanks serve the industry very well but occasionally they suffer from improper design or abusive conditions and failures occur.     

重力法在油罐含水和罐存测量中的应用

结合油田实际，提出了一种利用重力法测量油罐含水和罐存的方法，这种方法能够实时地监测油田成品油罐的含水、罐存等参数状态，方便管理，适应油田生产的需要。     

橡胶内衬储罐制造质量控制要点

橡胶衬里对现场制作的储罐有一些特殊要求,在储罐制造中若控制不当会出现变形过大、焊缝严重咬边及成型不合格等问题而无法衬胶。总结了承建的某离子膜烧碱项目中衬胶储罐制造经验,对材料验收、基础交接、储罐预制、组对、焊接、后处理等主要环节的质量控制要点进行了详细的阐述。主要包括：在预制前全面掌握衬胶对储罐的质量要求;合理安排焊接顺序,控制罐底板焊接变形;采取加固措施,防止底板与壁板角焊缝焊接产生的底板变形;精细计算罐顶板尺寸,控制预制下料及组对偏差;制定最佳焊接工艺,控制壁板焊接变形等。通过上述各项措施的实施,最终达到了提高制造质量,减少后处理工作量的目的。     

浅谈立式金属罐容量全站仪法检定中的质量控制

为了保证立式金属罐计量检定工作的质量,必须对全站仪的计量技术特性、检定数据有效、合理性及检定数据的后处理等加以有效的质量控制。这些控制是建立在对全站仪及其检定立罐技术细节的充分认识基础上的,它可以确保立罐检定数据、出具的检定结果数据的准确可靠。避免不合格的计量数据的传递。     

钢结构常压方形储罐单片制作质量控制

在大型储罐的制作安装过程中,由于大型储罐面板面积大,板较薄,包含焊缝数量多,焊缝较长,排布方式多样,若控制措施不当,很容易引起变形;焊接变形产生的原因主要是因为焊接产生的热量在焊接件上的不均匀分布造成的。如何有效地控制罐壁板和上下底板的变形,是制作的难点和重点。从焊接产生的热量和焊接应力两个方面分析了钢结构方形储罐单片制作过程中的焊接变形原因,描述了焊接变形控制的4个常用方法,并针对钢结构方形储罐单片制作过程中的焊接变形提出了质量控制方法。     

CIL's experience with a computerized ammonia plant trip system

The computerized trip system has been in use since August, 1985, at the CIL Ammonia II plant. Superior reliability, essential avoiding unnecessary shutdowns, while protecting the plant from accident, is obtained through use of a fault-tolerant configuration.     

金属储罐检修中脚手架搭拆费用计算方法的比较

储罐检修是石化企业中经常发生的，其脚手架搭拆费用的计算也是困扰甲乙双方结算的难题。通过对石化企业中储罐检修脚手架搭拆费用计算的两种方法的比较，试图找出储罐检修定额直接费的交叉点，以方便甲乙双方在确定脚手架搭拆费用方法时选用。     

Safety in multistream ammonia plants utilizing common utility services

A multistream plant has a definite advantage of achieving an overall lesser downtime as compared to a single-stream plant based on Partial Oxidation because the outage of individual stream does not necessarily put the plant out of operation. But the safety considerations in the design, operation and maintenance of a multistream plant should be all the more elaborate and well defined. Usually the multistreams have common utility sources and a number of interconnections provided for the side streams. The present paper is a case study of an incident that occurred in the Ammonia Plant when the maintenance work was in progress in one stream and the other two were under operation.     

对储气库项目经济评价的探析

以陕-京输气管道二线工程某储气库群项目经济评价为例,介绍了国内外储气库项目的现状、储气库的分类、典型工艺流程,总结了投资估算的编制方法、成本估算方法和经济评价方法的选择,展望了今后的发展趋势.     

质量可靠性技术在原油罐防腐中的应用

针对原油罐较易发生腐蚀的部位,从防腐涂料的选择、防腐蚀涂料的施工、罐底阴极保护等方面,阐述了提高油罐防腐性能的措施、新材料的应用及工程中应遵守的规则和注意事项等.在保证材料的可靠性、工艺的可靠性、人的可靠性、环境的可靠性的基础上,实现油罐防腐性能的可靠性.     

Specification of flame arresting devices for manifolded low pressure storage tanks

The current regulations and accepted recommended practices relating to the use of mechanical flame arresting devices on low pressure, flammable liquid storage tanks will be reviewed. The applicability of these recommendations to typical manifolded tank and closed piping vapor recovery systems, as opposed to the more common “stand alone”, venting to atmosphere storage tanks, will be examined with particular emphasis on the widely varying service conditions that mechanical flame arresting devices may encounter. The limitations placed on the use of commercially available Factory Mutual Approved and Underwriters Laboratories Listed flame arresters will be explained.     

Design and sizing of knock-out drums/catchtanks for reactor emergency relief systems

Sizing criteria and design procedures for knock-out drums and catch tanks used in reactor emergency relief systems.     

Ammonia synthesis enhancement through heat-mass-exchange

The HME Ammonia Synthesis Enhancement is a simple process modification enhancing synthesis productivity by reducing energy consumption and/or increasing plant capacity as compared to conventional alternatives. In this paper, it is presented as an attractive alternative to low temperature ammonia separation in low pressure plants. Some HME performance sensitivities and their implications on the design of a unit are studied. Typical HME enhancement economics is summarized in comparison with a typical conventional alternative. This indicates a potential 25% reduction in refrigeration power consumption, paying out the HME unit in a relatively short time. The application of the HME enhancement is expected to promote synthesis at lower pressures.     

Modernization of an ammonia plant safety shutdown system

The Agrium Redwater Nitrogen Operations Ammonia 2 plant underwent a phased project to upgrade and modernize its automatic safety shutdown system. Agrium incorporated the use of safety integrity levels in the functional design and detailed design of the safety shutdown system to ensure that all required protections were implemented in a safe and cost-effective manner. This article discusses the methodology used to determine the scope of the system, the methodology used to define the functional design, the implementation strategy chosen and the key lessons learned from the execution of this project. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog 28:282–292, 2009     

Some improvements in design of atmospheric ammonia storage tanks of the double integrity type

This paper describes a new atmospheric ammonia storage tank in Iceland. Some modifications have been made to the former common open cup design of double integrity tanks. Another modification is described, dry air is bled under the cladding of the sidewall insulation to protect the insulation from moisture penetration under the vapor barrier which results in frost damages.     

Determining spacing by radiant heat limits

A method for calculating the “safe” separation distance between pressurized LPG storage tanks and flammable liquid storage tank dikes is presented. The safe separation distance is defined as the minimum distance at which the radiant heat from a dike fire is insufficient to cause catastrophic tank failure, even if no cooling water is applied to the LPG tank.